American History

Mary Elizabeth Bowser: A Nuptials Armed Forces Spy Inwards The Southern Confederate White House

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjagXBZq1vFsg7rNkRlBM8gMpNlB8np2AfDh0RebHI7CEzmCIkfBmk3Cx7WW6gXxFlOx_SQmdV-nb6_LKLROmRLBkC_Zv4e4B2Blvv24VG3MGgUFmpN3qz-IwjdeyaT5u4GTLvbrk6bQf8/s1600/Mary+Elizabeth+Bowser.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjagXBZq1vFsg7rNkRlBM8gMpNlB8np2AfDh0RebHI7CEzmCIkfBmk3Cx7WW6gXxFlOx_SQmdV-nb6_LKLROmRLBkC_Zv4e4B2Blvv24VG3MGgUFmpN3qz-IwjdeyaT5u4GTLvbrk6bQf8/s1600/Mary+Elizabeth+Bowser.jpg" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mary Elizabeth Bowser</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The even out of Mary Elizabeth Bowser is 1 of intrigue together with espionage during the U.S.A. Civil War. She is amidst a publish of Black women who served equally spies for the Union. The most well-known Union spy is Harriet Tubman, who worked inward South Carolina together with Florida. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Like much almost Mary, her exact nativity together with appointment of decease are shrouded inward mystery. Many commentaries study that she was probable born inward 1839 equally Mary Elizabeth Richards into slavery on the plantation of John together with Elizabeth Van Lew close Richmond, Virginia. John Van Lew was a wealthy hardware merchant. In 1851, when John Van Lew died, his widow Elizabeth freed Mary together with all of the other enslaved Africans on the Van Lew plantation. H5N1 staunch abolitionist together with Quaker, Elizabeth also purchased many of her one-time slave's identify unit of measurement members owned yesteryear others. She would also gratis them inward an campaign to convey the families dorsum together.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Recognizing Mary's cracking intelligence, Elizabeth sent her northward to attend the Quaker School for Negroes inward Philadelphia. After Mary graduated she returned to Richmond together with married Wilson Bowser, a gratis Black human being on Apr 16, 1861. This was only a few days earlier the U.S.A. Civil War began. The yoke settled close Richmond together with Mary maintained a unopen human relationship amongst Elizabeth. <br /> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> H5N1 southern lady, Elizabeth had earned quite a reputation for her sympathies. Dubbed "Crazy Bet", she encouraged this personae to comprehend the really serious espionage piece of occupation for the Union when the Civil War began. She organized an intricate spy performance inward back upwards of the Union yesteryear using her resources together with connections inward the Confederate capital. It is said that her mansion was outfitted amongst many hugger-mugger doors that led to hugger-mugger rooms that became a security haven for African fugitives who also supplied Elizabeth amongst data that she transcribed into nil codes sent to Union officers, which included General Ulysses S. Grant. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Elizabeth's performance became then sophisticated that she planned to post a spy to the white delineate solid of Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederacy. Mary Elizabeth Bowser, an able actress similar Elizabeth herself, would acquire "Ellen Bond", a dull-witted, but able retainer for the White House of the Confederacy.  </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Once settled inward Davis's home, Mary played her operate well. She pretended to live on slow-thinking. No 1 suspected that she could read, for this would pick out been illegal within the Confederate states. Mary read warfare dispatches equally she cleaned the house. She listened keenly to the conversations of the Confederate men equally she served them meals. These armed services communications would live on relayed dorsum to the Van Lew mansion. Elizabeth coded information, which was placed within of faux eggs or printed on clothing patterns -- to live on passed to her network of Union agents.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Jefferson Davis eventually began to suspect that at that topographic point was a leak. The Union was learning alone likewise much, equally the most hugger-mugger communications of the cabinet were divulged. In the final days of the war, suspicion savage on Mary together with she fled from the Davis's delineate solid inward Jan 1865. Her final deed for the Union was an endeavour to burn downward down the Confederate White House, but this was unsuccessful. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> Even afterwards the war, Elizabeth never revealed Mary's espionage work. We know almost this data today from others, such equally Thomas McNiven, some other Union spy inward Richmond who was a baker. The Thomas McNiven Papers study that Mary "was working correct inward the Davis abode together with had a photographic mind. Everything she saw on the Rebel president's desk, she could repeat give-and-take for word. Unlike most colored, she could read together with write. She made a betoken of ever coming out to my railroad vehicle when I made deliveries at the Davis' abode to drib information." </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> After the Civil War ended, the U.S.A. federal authorities destroyed its records related to Southern spies during Reconstruction to protect their lives. There was, however, a mag known to pick out been written yesteryear Bowser herself. It is said to pick out chronicled her wartime work, but the mag was lost yesteryear the Bowser identify unit of measurement roughly 1952. There is no tape of Bowser's life afterwards the war. There is no exact appointment known regarding her death. In 1995, the U.S.A. authorities honored the service of Mary Elizabeth Bowser yesteryear inducting her inward the Military Intelligence Corp Hall of Fame. </div> </div>

Mary Elizabeth Bowser: A Nuptials Armed Forces Spy Inwards The Southern Confederate White House

Mary Elizabeth Bowser The even out of Mary Elizabeth Bowser is 1 of intrigue together with espionage during the U.S.A. Civil War. She...

Early Life Of Lewis Latimer: Boy Of Escaped African Slaves Becomes Electrical Lighting Innovator

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSJcVdlNV0zF7Pmo-BPSf2K4bdaMUcqjx2lyVQx62BWMusQWHSS7lC0lRGxrPB8EgThGnNRTdH8eSfdPFcfrfGXosmt4ImH-QsENNeXIKFju93HEi2M8vGv4dTdt77meWRwrUfeC7Y6Mg/s1600/Lewis+Houston+Latimer+African+American+Scientist+Engineering+STEM+History.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSJcVdlNV0zF7Pmo-BPSf2K4bdaMUcqjx2lyVQx62BWMusQWHSS7lC0lRGxrPB8EgThGnNRTdH8eSfdPFcfrfGXosmt4ImH-QsENNeXIKFju93HEi2M8vGv4dTdt77meWRwrUfeC7Y6Mg/s400/Lewis+Houston+Latimer+African+American+Scientist+Engineering+STEM+History.jpg" width="228" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: Lewis Howard Latimer</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Lewis Howard Latimer's floor begins earlier he was born, but I approximate that may hold out said most all of our stories. The years leading upward to Lewis' nascency were specially interesting because his parents George together with Rebecca Latimer made a theater conclusion to escape Virginia's slavery. According to MD Winifred Latimer Norman, Lewis' granddaughter, the family's papers recount the determination of his woman nurture Rebecca to "not hold out the woman nurture of a slave."</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b>Lewis Latimer's Parents Escape Slavery</b></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In 1842, Rebecca Latimer devised a really peculiar project design to escape slavery. She and her married adult man George would escape slavery past times his passing equally White together with acting equally his to a greater extent than hued wife's master. They did larn out Norfolk, Virginia accompanied equally original together with servant. They headed for Baltimore together with continued to Boston, Massachusetts. This is the menage unit of measurement history Lewis Latimer was born into on September 4, 1848, the youngest of iv children, inward Chelsea, Massachusetts. </div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> When the Latimer's arrived inward Boston, George was forthwith recognized. He was imprisoned equally a fugitive slave. Rebecca had escaped capture. George's possessor refused to surrender his efforts to accept him returned to Norfolk, Virginia equally his personal property. Fortunately, the Latimers arrived inward a Boston that had a potent slavery abolition movement brewing. Bostonians did non similar the fact that their revenue enhancement dollars were existence used to enforce the fugitive slave law. George Latimer's example became a slavery abolitionist cause. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> William Lloyd Garrison publicized the example inward his abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator. It included a missive of the alphabet from Frederick Douglass regarding the community's efforts to secure George Latimer's freedom. After a month's remain inward jail, Black abolitionist purchased his freedom from his possessor for $400.00. Rebecca remained a fugitive, coming inward together with out of menage unit of measurement life equally she could. According to the menage unit of measurement records, Rebecca worked at jobs that allowed her protection from detection inward spaces were the fugitive slave police push clit was yet enforced.  Eventually, George Latimer's high profile case garnered the signature of 65,000 Massachusetts citizens that led to the passage of a Earth police push clit that "all judges, justices of the peace, together with officers of the commonwealth, are forbidden, nether heavy penalties, to help or human activity inward whatever agency inward the arrest, detention, or delivery of whatever soul claimed equally a fugitive slave."</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2JOZ2XkHCEz41daVulKeZ0-d1lpWNNmwZgKTDPYk6bGlLYHRoqURxeiueOykHEsQCrDCwKPClOTwUFG6cYl2-ZWYvcRXecV-jDVXWRq-6jbZKs5hj7RgGInTzb8iQP-V0hp84xHIwEjU/s1600/Lewis+Houston+Latimer+Black+in+Science+STEM+Black+History.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2JOZ2XkHCEz41daVulKeZ0-d1lpWNNmwZgKTDPYk6bGlLYHRoqURxeiueOykHEsQCrDCwKPClOTwUFG6cYl2-ZWYvcRXecV-jDVXWRq-6jbZKs5hj7RgGInTzb8iQP-V0hp84xHIwEjU/s400/Lewis+Houston+Latimer+Black+in+Science+STEM+Black+History.jpg" width="275" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lewis Latimer Contributions to Electric Lighting</td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In low-cal of his family's history, it is no surprise that the immature Lewis would desire to participate inward the U.S. Civil War. In 1864, at the historic menstruum xvi years, Lewis lied most his historic menstruum together with enlisted inward the Union Navy. He would serve aboard the USS Massasoit together with saw armed services activeness on the James River inward Virginia close the plantations where his parents had been enslaved. </div> <br /> <b>Lewis Latimer Returns to Boston</b><br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> After the U.S. Civil War ended, Lewis returned to Boston. He secured a labor equally an office assistant inward the patent police push clit theater of Crosby together with Gould. Here, he became fascinated amongst the mechanical drawings the draftsmen prepared for the U.S. Patent Office. Lewis taught himself mechanical drawing. Soon, he was hired at the firm as a patent draftsman. He stayed amongst the patent firm for twelve years together with became its main draftsman. He believed, equally many during that time, that patenting inventions was the agency to wealth. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In Boston, Lewis also met Alexander Graham Bell. According to his journal, he made the drawings for Bell's kickoff patent application for the telephone. In 1879, Lewis left Boston amongst Mary, his novel bride, together with moved to Bridgeport, Connecticut -- a kind of silicon valley of applied scientific discipline innovation at its time. In 1881, Lewis' patent for the "Incandescent Electric Light Bulb amongst Carbon Filament" was sold to the U.S.A. Electric Company. In 1882, Lewis patented a procedure for efficiently manufacturing the carbon filament, equally good as developed the at nowadays famous threaded socket for his improved bulb. In 1890, Lewis wrote the first mass on electrical lighting, "Incandescent Electric Lighting". He went on to acquaint together with was a major contributor to the international installation of world electrical lights. Lewis contributed to world lightings inward Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, together with London.</div> </div>

Early Life Of Lewis Latimer: Boy Of Escaped African Slaves Becomes Electrical Lighting Innovator

Photo: Lewis Howard Latimer Lewis Howard Latimer's floor begins earlier he was born, but I approximate that may hold out said most...

Be Gratuitous Or Die: The Amazing Storey Of Robert Smalls, Escaped Slave Turned Wedding Ceremony Hero (A Mass Review)

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiymZfeZYMSnN0VEbN41cyL31JoMqbI2mrdfPplzLvGLSJBh73KzY_dgKoxvuyM9Oo77PnZGjz-BNnU-rF7MM7H6ZNIrp0cba02MY7l8woLsaMLaSmIK-9J_QTVATHaESnd9m-t82CZdag/s1600/Robert+Smalls+Slavery+Union+Hero+African+American+Black+History.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiymZfeZYMSnN0VEbN41cyL31JoMqbI2mrdfPplzLvGLSJBh73KzY_dgKoxvuyM9Oo77PnZGjz-BNnU-rF7MM7H6ZNIrp0cba02MY7l8woLsaMLaSmIK-9J_QTVATHaESnd9m-t82CZdag/s320/Robert+Smalls+Slavery+Union+Hero+African+American+Black+History.jpg" width="242" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photograph: Robert Smalls, U.S. Civil War Hero </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> I wishing to brand a world confession virtually reading the mass <i>Be Free or Die: The Amazing Story of Robert Smalls' Escape from Slavery to Union Hero </i>by Cate Lineberry. I approached it with dandy skepticism. I had read U.S. Civil War books earlier in addition to none of them actually impressed me. In fact, I flora many of them down-right boring, mired inward the details of state of war machine actions – a really "White" in addition to "male" genre. </div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> The even of Robert Smalls inward <i>Be Free or Die,</i><span style="font-style: normal;"> which volition last published past times St. Martin's Press on June 20, 2017,</span> has changed my view. I had for sure read zero similar this before. The spectacular tale of Robert Smalls was non but that he escaped slavery inward South Carolina with his delineate solid unit of measurement in addition to a band of other enslaved African Americans, but that he did in addition to thus past times stealing in addition to navigating a Confederate send into the hands of the Union navy across an armed-military fortified Charleston Harbor.</div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> I'm non beingness flippant when I let out that my inaugural of all idea afterward reading the mass was, why had I never read virtually Smalls inward my history books. Not entirely was his journeying unbelievably courageous, but he was a fundamental grapheme inward the Civil War activity who would perish along to larn a U.S. Congressman. An American hero of the U.S. Civil War, Robert Smalls even should non last lost on this generation. </div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><span style="font-size: large;">The Great Escape from Slavery</span></b><br /> <b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> </div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqYmLrnm7yvgnhPhNYp8l-sDem-DLWiLOuInbv6yn0eHizoyxcDskEemp_pYtpSehXdt8JspQIr-x8UmEL-2mhVMsF-ZTF44mISMOhQIz1R2VxqZh6saaVX3nUVxi-jYxUL6vSpj3pKsc/s1600/Be+Free+or+Die+Amazing+Story+of+Robert+Smalls+Escape+from+Slavery+to+Union+Hero+Cate+Lineberry.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqYmLrnm7yvgnhPhNYp8l-sDem-DLWiLOuInbv6yn0eHizoyxcDskEemp_pYtpSehXdt8JspQIr-x8UmEL-2mhVMsF-ZTF44mISMOhQIz1R2VxqZh6saaVX3nUVxi-jYxUL6vSpj3pKsc/s400/Be+Free+or+Die+Amazing+Story+of+Robert+Smalls+Escape+from+Slavery+to+Union+Hero+Cate+Lineberry.jpg" width="262" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Amazing Story of Robert Smalls</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> In 1862, it was a mild May morn inward Charleston, South Carolina. The immature field was inward its minute twelvemonth of civil war. Robert Smalls was born into slavery alongside the Gullah, a distinctive community of Africans who had inhabited the coastal regions of the U.S.'s Carolinas since the start of slavery inward the states -- which is to say from the beginning, In 1862, Smalls was 23 years former in addition to working on a Confederate steamer. He in addition to a crew of swain Africans had devised a conception to pocket a Confederate steamer in addition to conform to escape with their families across the Charleston Harbor to nearby Union forces.</div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> In <i>Be Free or Die</i>, Lineberry does a crafting an exciting historical tale in addition to chronicling Smalls'  dandy escape from slavery. She includes highlights of Smalls' remarkable career with the Union forces, such every bit his becoming the nation's first Black captain of an Army vessel in addition to serving every bit a five-term fellow member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina.<br /> <br /> As a storyteller, Lineberry does a dandy labor of bringing the reader along for the journey. The reader joins Smalls on each come across with a Confederate fighting send in addition to is able to get got a glimpse into the life of soul who is a wanted past times the Confederates, constantly living nether the threat of retaliation --  even afterward the state of war ended!</div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> The journeys away from South Carolina to the North provides readers insight into the activism of civil social club groups boldly assisting the efforts against slavery, such every bit the run of the well-known Frederick Douglass, but besides less good known members of the Black clergy whose church building memberships became sanctuaries for Africans escaping slave states. Also a process are the book's lesser  known historical facts, similar Abraham Lincoln's conception to colonize Panama every bit a resettlement of the newly freed enslaved Africans.<br /> <i><br /></i> <i>Be Free or Die</i> is an splendid summertime read that retells the U.S. Civil War story, but besides introduces many to Robert Smalls -- i of the great Civil War heroes.</div> <b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike></div>

Be Gratuitous Or Die: The Amazing Storey Of Robert Smalls, Escaped Slave Turned Wedding Ceremony Hero (A Mass Review)

Photograph: Robert Smalls, U.S. Civil War Hero I wishing to brand a world confession virtually reading the mass Be Free or Die: The A...

Isaac Burns Murphy: The Swell Dark Equus Caballus Jockey From Kentucky

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR56lYWb61BJSoaZlsMYanUvpO4nYuRA_7cwVdlVIXohvhumx60eM_fkiFpEaeGO6v1_JPsfC94vI3y8FrAayIamZF5cnxKp5Jp_3j0vqwwX-5SweGj1tX_GJtv_Q5VxCgrJxXVJ0vkIA/s1600/Isaac+Murphy+photograph+Black+History.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="275" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR56lYWb61BJSoaZlsMYanUvpO4nYuRA_7cwVdlVIXohvhumx60eM_fkiFpEaeGO6v1_JPsfC94vI3y8FrAayIamZF5cnxKp5Jp_3j0vqwwX-5SweGj1tX_GJtv_Q5VxCgrJxXVJ0vkIA/s200/Isaac+Murphy+photograph+Black+History.jpg" width="183" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div> Photo: Isaac Burns Murphy </div> <div> (b. 1/2/1861 - d. 2/12/1896)</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> When nosotros intend of Equus caballus racing today nosotros are hard-pressed to hollo upwardly the fourth dimension inwards the sports history when Black jockeys dominated the sport. As a thing of fact, all merely 1 of the fifteen jockeys riding inwards the showtime Kentucky Derby were African Americans. Isaac Burns Murphy was the showtime Black jockey to win 3 Kentucky Derbys as well as is considered 1 of the greatest American Thoroughbred Equus caballus racing jockeys inwards history.<br /> <br /> "There is no run a peril that his tape of winning volition e'er live on surpassed," said Hall of Fame jockey Eddie Arcaro, referring to his 44% victory charge per unit of measurement that has never been equaled.<br /> <br /> Isaac was born Jan 2, 1861, inwards Lexington, Kentucky. His begetter was Jerry Burns (aka Jerry Skillman), a complimentary human being who was worked every bit a bricklayer earlier joining the U.S. Colored Troops in the U.S. Civil War. He died every bit a prisoner of nation of war at Camp Nelson. His mother, America Burns, presently afterward changed Isaac's final lift to Murphy every bit a tribute to her begetter Green Murphy.<br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDW3rHfYwzZtyCAywKx2X4sMbCmcKIqi27rnGb3GwwE0DKJsI6Yjk_Mp5naHWBrFXch0eLUimLP_IqzNh0G6M6OOxx6Or0rozThLxgoBANu23ju9QZz9J3ARYF_IsCZAXG44L9WXToU8o/s1600/Black+Jockeys+history+kentucky+derby+prince+of+sport+African+American+Black+riders.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1026" data-original-width="1600" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDW3rHfYwzZtyCAywKx2X4sMbCmcKIqi27rnGb3GwwE0DKJsI6Yjk_Mp5naHWBrFXch0eLUimLP_IqzNh0G6M6OOxx6Or0rozThLxgoBANu23ju9QZz9J3ARYF_IsCZAXG44L9WXToU8o/s320/Black+Jockeys+history+kentucky+derby+prince+of+sport+African+American+Black+riders.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: Isaac Burns Murphy in activity at the Equus caballus races. </td></tr> </tbody></table> America Burns, Isaac's mother, worked every bit a laundress for Richard Owings of the Owings as well as Williams Racing Stable inwards prime number Equus caballus territory. He apace became acquainted amongst horses as well as launched his racing career at an early on age. On September 15, 1875, at the historic catamenia of 14, he won his showtime Equus caballus racing victory when he rode Glentina at Crab Orchard Park inwards Lexington, Kentucky. This was the showtime of 628 career victories. <br /> <br /> Isaac holds a tape release of impressive wins. In 1882, he won 49 of 51 starts at Saratoga, New York. In 1883, 1885 as well as 1886, he won races at the Hindoo Stakes. In 1884, 1890 as well as 1891, he won Kentucky Derbys. In 1884, 1885, 1886 as well as 1888, he won iv races at the American Derby inwards Washington Park inwards Chicago. On May 23, 1887, he won the Latonia Derby inwards Kentucky. On June 25, 1890, he won inwards a neck-to-neck race against the corking Equus caballus jockey Ed "Snapper" Garrison, a White jockey, inwards New York City. <br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPVAlkS2GZ41clnaIqNaF3WplH2l-QKKBgguvASozAQ-3v2EbG0zjbwqm2L_wHk2lXmARI_oJEVny4RKaTzSZzqtSXCVl0ccCwG0W_Ae-AEG64N5SGWzAVyC55j1JTFEgSeC0Q0kN1j6g/s1600/The+Prince+of+Jockeys+The+Life+of+Isaac+Burns+Murphy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="500" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPVAlkS2GZ41clnaIqNaF3WplH2l-QKKBgguvASozAQ-3v2EbG0zjbwqm2L_wHk2lXmARI_oJEVny4RKaTzSZzqtSXCVl0ccCwG0W_Ae-AEG64N5SGWzAVyC55j1JTFEgSeC0Q0kN1j6g/s200/The+Prince+of+Jockeys+The+Life+of+Isaac+Burns+Murphy.jpg" width="133" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div> <a href="http://amzn.to/2xezcB6" target="_blank">The Prince of Jockeys</a>:</div> <div> The Life of Isaac Burns Murphy</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> By 1891, Isaac began to educate an off-season weight occupation -- ballooning to 140 pounds. While this doesn't audio similar much for a man, it is hefty for a Equus caballus jockey who aims to live on low-cal on his horse. Unfortunately, his constant efforts to lose weight adversely impacted his healthy. By 1895, Isaac had caught pneumonia.<br /> <br /> On Feb 12, 1896, at the immature historic catamenia of 35, he died of see failure leaving a widow behind, Lucy Murphy (nia Carr). For many decades his incredible sports legacy was forgotten, symbolized yesteryear an unmarked grave inwards Lexington's African Cemetery No. ii , an historical cemetery purchased yesteryear The Colored People's Union Benevolent Society No. ii inwards 1869.<br /> <br /> In 1955, Isaac was the showtime individual to live on inducted into the National Museum of Racing as well as Hall of Fame. He was regarded yesteryear many every bit the greatest of all jockeys due to his tape every bit having the highest winning average than whatsoever jockey inwards racing history during his lifetime. It wasn't until 1948, to a greater extent than than fifty years afterward his death, that someone broke his tape of 3 Kentucky Derby victories. The National Turf Writers Association get got given out the Isaac Murphy Award since 1995 to jockeys amongst the highest winning average inwards North American racing.<br /> <br /> Resources: <a href="http://www.buildinghistories.org/search_for_isaacs_father.pdf" target="_blank">The Search for Isaac Murphy's Parents</a>, Pamela Lions Brygar, CG (2009)</div>

Isaac Burns Murphy: The Swell Dark Equus Caballus Jockey From Kentucky

Photo: Isaac Burns Murphy (b. 1/2/1861 - d. 2/12/1896) When nosotros intend of Equus caballus racing today nosotros are hard-pres...

When Dark Folks Owned Baseball Game Stadiums Inwards Memphis: Dr. Lavatory B. Martin, The Martin Brothers & The Negro League

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJnf677yRyku-zvjr_8RPLGEIL2DIV3Il1908YIfa25JiApnhp-X1Oibt85gR-WF2qL2rMlTyhYLCUyAaKne6vCcq8V10zDzlsEkb2_GeVkNreWR-J0Fugq6sF-b0tLTqC-huuHWyfNA8/s1600/Memphis+Red+Sox+Martin+Stadium+Negro+League+Players+J+B+Martin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLgP8aarFB72Db8vR2Zn9jSx7aTXyQ3Gbu7lvZmRnoC8PJ9lFxRDvCGYuwkutzh8MFxxXfAYTbnOgQ3zU3YQlRzJ9KNll9eLtwuLYh1_2tZSOZB-QGQOQP-tDSbAtEPVJSdHVXJ1BS0sY/s1600/JB+Martin+Stadium+Negro+League+Memphis+Red+Sox+Black+History+African+Americans.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLgP8aarFB72Db8vR2Zn9jSx7aTXyQ3Gbu7lvZmRnoC8PJ9lFxRDvCGYuwkutzh8MFxxXfAYTbnOgQ3zU3YQlRzJ9KNll9eLtwuLYh1_2tZSOZB-QGQOQP-tDSbAtEPVJSdHVXJ1BS0sY/s400/JB+Martin+Stadium+Negro+League+Memphis+Red+Sox+Black+History+African+Americans.png" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Memphis Red Sox players inwards forepart of dugout.</td></tr> </tbody></table> </a><br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Dr. John B. Martin (1885-1973), oftentimes referred to equally J. B. Martin, was president of Negro League associations and owned the Memphis Red Sox (1923-1950) in addition to the Chicago American Giants (1937-1950) baseball game teams. While many people oftentimes elevate to the "Negro League", this is a full general term used to elevate to a release of associations that included the Negro National League, the Negro American League, the Negro Southern League, equally good equally smaller leagues such equally the Negro Dixie League. J. B. Martin served equally president of the National Southern League, the National American League in addition to the Negro Dixie League was 1 of the several Negro leagues created during the fourth dimension organized during the fourth dimension organized American baseball game was segregated. </div> <br /> <b>A Black-owned Sports Stadium: An Enterprising Black Family </b><br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: left;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The Memphis Red Sox was a Negro League baseball game squad founded inwards 1923 past times J. B. Martin in addition to Dr. B. B. Martin, brothers inwards a prominent African-American menage unit of measurement inwards Memphis. The Martin brothers were both dentists alongside prominent dental practices. J. B. Martin was a dentist, pharmacist, operated a funeral parlor, invested inwards existent estate in addition to Republican political leader. He built the Martin baseball game commons where he owned in addition to operated the concession stands. He likewise owned a hotel nearby the baseball game champaign inwards Memphis, equally good equally enterprises on Beale Street. <br /> <br /> J.B. Martin's menage unit of measurement members were likewise quite enterprising. In add-on to a dental practice, his blood brother Dr. B. B. Martin acted equally the Red Sox trouble concern manager in addition to served equally an officeholder inwards the National Southern League. Dr. A. T. Martin worked equally a full general practitioner for 50 years in addition to worked alongside the Red Sox for 25 years. Dr. William S. Martin, was superintendent of the Collins Chapel Hospital for 35 years, inwards add-on to serving equally an officeholder for the Red Sox in addition to the Negro American League, equally good equally serving equally president of the Negro Southern League. The iv Martins, all Black doctors, were prominent inwards the Memphis community in addition to inside the Negro League franchises. </div> <br /> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOKVxcNllJwkkfVMra7vwZY7Df82Q_A0-dA4oPXu-Q6Ar9lm_8H8RyrUx-3DHlRA18u_FnmGFijoTEjJ0e9Yq1_VXrsN58h4R-iGHQfXbKzbMpFUL9OELgBsiOk1ZZm8capEO2M01Npqk/s1600/Martin+Stadium+Memphis+Red+Sox+Negro+League+Black+History.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOKVxcNllJwkkfVMra7vwZY7Df82Q_A0-dA4oPXu-Q6Ar9lm_8H8RyrUx-3DHlRA18u_FnmGFijoTEjJ0e9Yq1_VXrsN58h4R-iGHQfXbKzbMpFUL9OELgBsiOk1ZZm8capEO2M01Npqk/s400/Martin+Stadium+Memphis+Red+Sox+Negro+League+Black+History.png" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Negro League's Black-owned Martin Stadium inwards Memphis.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align: justify;">   In 1920, the Martin brothers built Martin Stadium on what is at 1 time Crump Boulevard in addition to Danny Thomas, making the Red Sox 1 of the few baseball game clubs inwards the Negro League alongside their ain ballpark. Most Negro League teams played inwards white squad parks when the white teams were on the road. Not entirely did the Memphis Red Sox convey a stadium, J. B. Martin likewise owned a hotel close the park. The baseball game commons was built from scratch, but non without resistance from the White supremacy institution inwards Memphis nether what was called the "Crump Machine." Edward Hull Crump governed Memphis for decades through manipulation of both the Black in addition to White vote into a political machine that enabled him to command Memphis politics. When J. B. Martin, a Black Republican, denounced Crump inwards 1939, Crump responded with mounting pressure level on Martin using the Memphis police, such equally targeting Martin's Beale Street businesses alongside raids. The Martin Stadium originally had a capacity of 3,000, but grew to nearly 7,000 topographic point capacity. It was demolished inwards 1961. <br /> <br /> <b>The Memphis Red Sox</b><br /> <b><br /></b> <br /> <div> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDjAtAfrPTmlWVzMKlgUPvU1t5g6Hg_54F3ejye-P-EF3E1PbzxIYfQXznwdVR6Fz4Ubyo1SMmKjQBGgHuoJ5fw_IPRnPk8Pc0lR2VKlpfGnROY9pb-0o9bF-xmfi-2bFulOVeV8wosrs/s1600/Memphis+Red+Sox+Martin+Stadium+Negro+League+Players+J+B+Martin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDjAtAfrPTmlWVzMKlgUPvU1t5g6Hg_54F3ejye-P-EF3E1PbzxIYfQXznwdVR6Fz4Ubyo1SMmKjQBGgHuoJ5fw_IPRnPk8Pc0lR2VKlpfGnROY9pb-0o9bF-xmfi-2bFulOVeV8wosrs/s200/Memphis+Red+Sox+Martin+Stadium+Negro+League+Players+J+B+Martin.jpg" width="200" /></a>The Memphis Red Sox were initially organized past times Robert S. Lewis, a Memphis funeral director, inwards the early on 1920s. When the Martin's purchased the independent squad inwards 1924, the team joined the Negro National League in addition to B. B. Martin acted equally the Red Sox trouble concern manager. In 1926, the franchise left the Negro National League in addition to joined the newly-established Negro Southern League for its initiatory season. In 1932, it rejoined the Negro Southern League alongside subsequent seasons equally an independent team. In 1937, the Red Sox became a charter fellow member of the Negro American League, where they remained until their dissolution inwards 195X. Four players associated alongside the Memphis Red Sox were inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame: Satchel Paige, James "Cool Papa" Bell, Willy Wells, in addition to Turkey Steams.</div> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b><br /></b> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b>The Chicago American Giants</b></div> </div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaed-T9C0YGSMYmFHnp4f_FyQiRltd7Lf0ujv7B0Vi-M11YXGkCoRVPbCJIhyphenhyphengUfV22Mxjam4W8NFQR-fMXPCsbs4aYO6tlwSxsD4u91F8rC8S-I8LfE0toJAJFJg1nqxpopiREo2LuWA/s1600/Chicago+American+Giants+Negro+League+JB+Martin+Black+History+African+Americans.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaed-T9C0YGSMYmFHnp4f_FyQiRltd7Lf0ujv7B0Vi-M11YXGkCoRVPbCJIhyphenhyphengUfV22Mxjam4W8NFQR-fMXPCsbs4aYO6tlwSxsD4u91F8rC8S-I8LfE0toJAJFJg1nqxpopiREo2LuWA/s200/Chicago+American+Giants+Negro+League+JB+Martin+Black+History+African+Americans.jpg" width="200" /></a> The Negro Leagues began to diminish afterward Brooklyn's Jackie Robinson broke the colouring barrier inwards 1947. In 1949, J. B. Martin leased the Chicago American Giants to William Little because he wanted to pass to a greater extent than necktie managing the affairs of the Negro American League Martin appointed Ted "Double Duty" Radcliffe equally manager of the Chicago American Giants inwards 1950. This was 3 years afterward Jackie Robinson broke the colouring line. Martin was concerned nigh Black players joining Major League teams in addition to thus he instructed Radcliffe to sign White players. The squad disbanded inwards 1952. The Negro American League disbanded afterward its 1962 season.  </div> <br /> <br /></div>

When Dark Folks Owned Baseball Game Stadiums Inwards Memphis: Dr. Lavatory B. Martin, The Martin Brothers & The Negro League

Memphis Red Sox players inwards forepart of dugout. Dr. John B. Martin (1885-1973), oftentimes referred to equally J. B. Martin, was...

ZOG

ZOG

Zionist Occupied Government ZOG, an acronym for Zionist Occupied Government, is a term used by many on the survivalist and racist Righ...

Subliminal Advertising

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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2010007149002418636" imageanchor="1" rel="nofollow" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" target="blank"><img advertising="" alt="Although" been="" border="0" effectiveness="" ever="" has="" no="" of="" proven="" research="" scientific="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdupPvNAaZouLVwAUo7NoZUYnNyx7ifBKnA9RO4ZWhSiHS0D9FRbUzZ3EhoSjmog5s89PVWbG9gJqAQoAFBK_ioGSbSDoFGxoeoF5wB_11-xCtsjqdERyOnbgxc-VlVNH0PcLWKYHzxHqw/s1600/Subliminal-Advertising.jpg" subliminal="" that="" the="" there="" title="Subliminal" width="470" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Subliminal Advertising</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Although there has been no scientific research that has ever proven the effectiveness of any form of subliminal influence on the human mind, subliminal advertising is a conspiracy theory that has entered popular culture as a generally accepted truth. <br />
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In the main, this is a result of a general cultural paranoia over the rise of the media industry to a position where it dominates the production of cultural meaning and ideology in society. <br />
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The fact that most media forms (television, radio, newspapers, and films) are dominated by large companies or corporations, in addition to their commercial and mass imperatives, creates an anxiety over their apparently systematic control of the beliefs and political opinions available in society.<br />
<br />
The fear of subliminal advertising unsurprisingly begins in the 1950s at the inception of the television age, although the first claims about its use actually involve the broadcast of subliminal messages at cinemas.<br />
<br />
Vance Packard was the person responsible for bringing subliminal advertising to the public’s attention in his 1957 book, The Hidden Persuaders, when he mentioned experiments undertaken by an advertising executive, James Vicary. Vicary had apparently tested subliminal advertising in cinemas by flashing the messages “Eat Popcorn” and “Drink Coke” on the screen for a fraction of a second. <br />
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As a result of these trials, Vicary claimed an 18 percent increase in sales of Coke and a 58 percent rise for popcorn, which led not only to an acceptance of the reality of the effectiveness of subliminal advertising, but also to fears that the U.S. public was being insidiously brainwashed simply by going to the cinema or watching television. An investigation was launched by the Federal Communications Commission and a ban on the use of subliminal advertising was imposed in some U.S. states as well as in Britain and Australia.<br />
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A few years later, Vicary admitted that he had exaggerated the impact of subliminal advertising and, indeed, that there had been no noticeable effect on the tested cinema-goers. However, subliminal advertising had already become accepted as a “fact” (62 percent of Americans currently believe in its existence) and has remained as a pervasive cultural paranoia that has reappeared at various times. <br />
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For example, the liberalization of U.S. society as a result of the 1960s counterculture led to fears that media industries were using subliminal messages not to brainwash people into buying certain products, but to corrupt the minds of the public. <br />
<br />
In a series of books, published from the 1970s onward, Wilson Bryan Key claimed that both television and print advertising contain subliminal commands that bombard Americans with images of sex, drugs, and death. <br />
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According to Key, groups of people he tested felt sexually aroused when shown certain adverts, including one for Gilbey gin in which the word “sex” is apparently embedded in an ice cube. When he was later called to give “expert” testimony at the Judas Priest trial in Reno, Nevada, in 1990, he even went as far as claiming that Ritz crackers had subliminal messages imprinted on them.<br />
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In recent years, attention has moved away from advertising to a more pervasive fear of subliminal messages in commercial and cultural products. The Columbine killings led to a fear that contemporary music (notably Marilyn Manson) included messages that were having an effect on the unconscious minds of American youth. <br />
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This, however, was a continuation of paranoias that had begun with the trial of the heavy metal band Judas Priest when they were accused of placing subliminal messages in one of the songs from their Stained Class album. These messages had allegedly induced suicidal impulses in two teenage listeners, James Vance and Ray Belknap, who had, as a result, attempted to kill themselves. <br />
<br />
Although the band were found not guilty of any wrongdoing (which may be fortunate for Nike, as the phrase at issue was “Do It”), the fact that a trial took place at all demonstrates how far subliminal messages have become accepted as a reality.<br />
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The reason for this general belief in subliminal advertising and unconscious commands is primarily a result of fears that media industries have too much power in the creation of American values and have replaced traditional values (such as religion and the family) with a secular and materialist ideology. <br />
<br />
The implications of brainwashing that attach to subliminal advertising have also led to a belief that the mass media is in the service of a government propaganda machine or in the hands of a conspiracy group that is attempting to corrupt American minds in order to make its “perverted” values acceptable when it comes to power. <br />
<br />
Most frequently this is the New World Order (with its anti-American totalitarian vision), but other groups are also seen to be using the media, such as the Illuminati or Skull and Bones, both of whom wish to impose a satanic or occult religion on America.</div>

Subliminal Advertising

Subliminal Advertising Although there has been no scientific research that has ever proven the effectiveness of any form of subliminal...