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| Photo: Image of Statue of Gaspar Yanga, located inward Veracruz, United Mexican United States of America |
The heritage of Africans inward United Mexican United States of America afterward Christopher Columbus is a rarely explored theme inward the history books of the Americas. Gaspar Yanga is i of the neglected figures inside African history inward the Americas. He was the founder of the town Yanga, located inward the Veracruz percentage of Mexico, betwixt the Port of Veracruz together with Córdoba. It is with the get-go complimentary African settlements inward the Americas afterward the start of the European slave trade.
While the available official reports regarding the history of Gaspar Yanga is sorely lacking, local lore reports that Yanga escaped slavery from the percentage of the Nuestra Senora de la Concepcion plantation inward 1570. Regional lore too provides that Yanga was a prince stolen from a regal solid unit of measurement of Gabon, Africa. The give-and-take "Yanga" has origins inward many regions of West together with Central Africa, including the Yoruba regions inward Nigeria where the give-and-take agency "pride".
Between 1570 together with 1609, Yanga led his followers into the mountains located inward the vicinity of Pico de Orizaba (Citlaltépetl, or "star mountain", the highest mount inward Mexico), the Cofre de Perote, Zongolica together with Olmec regions. The Olmec controlled this percentage during its empire over the percentage (1200 BC to 400 BC), which included the jurisdiction of the electrical flow nation of Mexico.
By 1600, it is reported that the Yanga maroon settlement, or palenques, was joined past times Francisco de la Matosa together with his grouping of African maroons. All of this occurred earlier the independence of United Mexican United States of America from the Castilian crown.
Map of Yanga, Veracruz percentage along the eastern coast of Mexico
Yanga's early on palenques would plow into decades-long resistance against colonial Spain. In 1609, Spain's viceroy of New Kingdom of Spain (the colonial advert of Mexico) was Luis de Velasco, Marquis of Salinas. That year, Velasco sent Captain Pedro González on a state of war machine expedition against the Yanga palenques. The battle came to a caput at the Rio Blanco together with resulted inward major losses on both sides.
By 1631, viceroy of New Kingdom of Spain Rodrigo Pacheco began negotiations with the Gaspar Yanga resistance. Yanga struck an understanding with the colonial leader respecting Spain's recognition of an autonomous percentage for the African community. The get-go official advert was San Lorenzo de los Negros (aka San Lorenzo de Cerralvo), nigh Córdova. Since 1932, the Mexican town has bore the advert of its liberator Gaspar Yanga.
''Yanga is of import to the people of United Mexican United States of America together with America," said Gordillo Jaime Trujullo, who along with his married adult woman Maria Dolores Flores promotes the town's history. "It is a peachy bargain together with has non been taken into account. This town is the birthplace of freedom. The most of import legacy of dark Yanga is freedom. Freedom is what nosotros appreciate most inward this community."
Like his birth, no definitive records are available regarding Yanga's engagement of death. There is said to travel a peachy bargain of data inward the national archives of United Mexican United States of America together with the archives of Spain, according to historian together with anthropologist Antonio García de León. The get-go data nigh Yanga arose inward the 2d one-half of the nineteenth century past times the historian together with military-man Vicente Riva Palacio, grandson of Mexico's get-go dark president, Vicente Guerrero.
Today, the town reportedly hosts the "Carnival of Negritude" every August tenth inward accolade of Gaspar Yanga. The town reports roughly 20,000 citizens that is immediately primarily considered mestizo, Castilian for "mixed heritage".
Photo: El Yanga together with Negro Yanga
The inscription nether Gaspar Yanga's statue reads: "Negro Africano precusor de la libertao de los negros esclavos fundo este pueblo de san lorenzo de cerralvo (hoy yanga) por acordado del virrey de nueva espana Don Rodrigo Osorio Marzuez de cerralvo el dia tres de octubre del ano de 1631 por mandato del virrey trazo el pueblo el Capitan Hernando de Castro Espinosa H. Ayuntamento Constl. 1973-1976". English translation: African Black liberator together with precursor of the dark slaves who founded the town of San Lorenzo de Cerralvo (now Yanga) past times understanding of the viceroy of New Spain, Rodrigo Pacheco, on the 3rd twenty-four sixty minutes menses of Oct 1631 past times monastic enjoin of the viceroy's pen.Village Captain Hernando of Castro Espinosa H. Ayuntamento Constl. 1973-1976."
Video footage of an African American exploratory group's trip to Yanga, Veracruz, Mexico
Reference: Blacks inward Colonial Veracruz: Race, Ethnicity, together with Regional Development
, past times Patrick J. Carroll (2001)
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