J. A. Rogers: Author, Journalist As Well As Historical Illustrator

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIA_yqBKG5GtKFBeBkYBff5UpFOybgYxOytOBG4_k_DmlRb9wq4jFAQyUbPpe7jct3eIIx21EuuajS3WwUlZlQXGj7756yCqh0b9MobwzEGpNEi1t_W-CF1vxYjO4zl5nFyG6FEPBqphY/s1600/J.+A.+Rogers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIA_yqBKG5GtKFBeBkYBff5UpFOybgYxOytOBG4_k_DmlRb9wq4jFAQyUbPpe7jct3eIIx21EuuajS3WwUlZlQXGj7756yCqh0b9MobwzEGpNEi1t_W-CF1vxYjO4zl5nFyG6FEPBqphY/s1600/J.+A.+Rogers.jpg" width="305" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo of Joel Augustus Rogers aka J.A. Rogers (b. 9/6/1880 - d. 3/26/1966) </td></tr> </tbody></table> Joel Augustus Rogers was born September 6, 1880 inward Negril, Jamaica in addition to died on March 26, 1966 inward New York City.  Rogers was a historian, journalist in addition to writer whose works made groovy contributions to the history of Africa in addition to its diaspora. Of mixed-race parentage in addition to ane of 11 children, J.A. Roger's manful individual raise was Samuel John Rogers, a school-teacher, government minister in addition to a plantation director inward Jamaica. Information virtually Roger's woman raise has been hard to find.<br />   <br /> What is known is that inward 1906, afterward serving inward the British Army at Port Royal, Jamaica, J.A. Rogers moved from Jamaica to Harlem, New York, where he would eventually reside during the bulk of his adult life, living with his married adult woman Helga M. Rogers. Rogers did brand <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=regal-theater-and-new-regal-theater-of" target="_blank">Black Chicago</a> his abode for a time, piece working equally a <a href="http://www.pullman-museum.org/laborAndRace/raceRelations.html" target="_blank">Pullman Porter</a> in addition to reporter.<br /> <br /> In 1909, Rogers enrolled inward the Chicago Art Institute. According to his biographer, Thabiti Asukile, he attended fine art classes at that topographic point piece supporting himself financially equally a Pullman Porter, where he would operate until 1919. As a resultant of his existence able to move widely inside the USA equally a Pullman Porter, Rogers was surely able to access a broad diverseness of libraries that had developed inward dissimilar cities across the country. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 voracious bibliophile, Rogers compiled data virtually African history in addition to began to write in addition to self-publish his query findings.<br /> <br /> "I industrial plant life inward Chicago a friend who introduced me to books inward which I industrial plant life the names of several groovy men of Negro ancestry past times in addition to present," states Rogers inward his bulk <i>World's Great Men of Color, Vol. 1</i>. "In my spare time, in addition to with no idea of writing a book, I began to collect some of these names. That was virtually 1911." <br /> <br /> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh05AQiywcnU6kdPNPDUPoDi59HtNyIbTeXtkNNm8xyj3QvYH5Cjha3ugGTHc72Uiu8xGxjCvPE-BJ1bAUb3iNMJ0uvu0tKSRfNGjnlbcQXKfuvp0vti0QTnAgJXxwd8XVT6GQrE5W2XMw/s1600/Photo+of+J.+A.+Rogers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh05AQiywcnU6kdPNPDUPoDi59HtNyIbTeXtkNNm8xyj3QvYH5Cjha3ugGTHc72Uiu8xGxjCvPE-BJ1bAUb3iNMJ0uvu0tKSRfNGjnlbcQXKfuvp0vti0QTnAgJXxwd8XVT6GQrE5W2XMw/s1600/Photo+of+J.+A.+Rogers.jpg" width="227" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Early photograph of J. A. Rogers.</td></tr> </tbody></table> Rogers outset bulk was <i>Superman to Man</i>, privately published inward 1917 in addition to printed past times the M.A. Donohue Co. In <i>Superman to Man</i>, Rogers used the classic literary technique of developing the cardinal theme of a written operate around a debate -- a tool oftentimes used past times ancient historians. In the book, nosotros run into a Pullman Porter debate a white supremacist from the South regarding politics in addition to religion. The ensuing debate served equally a forum for Rogers to counter many of the stereotypes that prevailed at the fourth dimension virtually race. Rogers' Pullman Porter argued that the concept of race, inward fact, lacked scientific proof.<br /> <br /> Rogers served equally a unusual correspondent for a diverseness of African American newspapers, peculiarly afterward he moved to Harlem inward 1921. In improver to his published works for the Chicago Enterprise in addition to Chicago Defender newspapers, Rogers wrote for the Pittsburgh Courier in addition to served equally sub-editor for the Daily Negro Times -- the latter published past times Marcus Garvey. The editors of the Pittsburgh Courier sent Rogers equally a correspondent to encompass the coronation of Emperor Haile Selassie I inward Ethiopia. Additionally, Rogers was noted equally the exclusively Black U.S. state of war correspondent during World War II. He would issue widely inward publications such equally the New York Amsterdam News, the Messenger Magazine, in addition to others -- making him ane of the leading Black journalist of his times.<br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrqO79hrTRnGUzzgziozkQ5I5zF3P2RIuM3_-ODOvjSnyDPwR5nV0jF5LRS1CVNszB3jBmZPLTydGuEURJkcQK-4q3gN9QPlH2X5fhqQ3ijq9AxH450A3_ESkAV357vSvA1TvA8Ew5wsw/s1600/100+Amazing+Facts+About+the+Negro+with+Complete+Proof+by+J.A.+Rogers.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrqO79hrTRnGUzzgziozkQ5I5zF3P2RIuM3_-ODOvjSnyDPwR5nV0jF5LRS1CVNszB3jBmZPLTydGuEURJkcQK-4q3gN9QPlH2X5fhqQ3ijq9AxH450A3_ESkAV357vSvA1TvA8Ew5wsw/s1600/100+Amazing+Facts+About+the+Negro+with+Complete+Proof+by+J.A.+Rogers.jpg" width="214" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Book published past times J.A. Rogers -- <a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/0960229477/ref=nosim?tag=crosswriting-20&linkCode=sb1&camp=212353&creative=380549" target="_blank">100 Amazing Facts About the Negro with Complete Proof</a> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr> </tbody></table> Rogers made groovy contribution to publishing in addition to distributing picayune know African history facts through books in addition to pamphlets such equally <i>100 Amazing Facts About the Negro with Complete Proof</i> in addition to <i>The Five Negro Presidents</i>. His greatest involvement was inward exploring the concept of race that was developing into a themed possession with historians of European descent. In response, Rogers published the three-volume operate <i>Sex in addition to Race</i> betwixt 1941 in addition to 1944. From 1946 to 1947, Rogers published his pioneering operate <i>The World's Great Men of Color</i>, printed inward 2 volumes. <br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiYaHwfcndDM0a_t9WRn8E9l9HqlSk9p-Fym1w777o8j_-VHZsIWcX_wd6ikT7oJkJKH1XU_zkWZgqGP2mLW6t_QL87jqW8Dg0tdFZ0ntqPf1TOqEHQfZcv17e0Ip7SIDgVWUdSKU8Tsk/s1600/scotia+daughter+of+an+egyptian.gif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiYaHwfcndDM0a_t9WRn8E9l9HqlSk9p-Fym1w777o8j_-VHZsIWcX_wd6ikT7oJkJKH1XU_zkWZgqGP2mLW6t_QL87jqW8Dg0tdFZ0ntqPf1TOqEHQfZcv17e0Ip7SIDgVWUdSKU8Tsk/s1600/scotia+daughter+of+an+egyptian.gif" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Copy of an illustrated operate J.A. Rogers published inward newspapers in addition to inward books. Many of his amazing facts were substantiated past times subsequent writings on the topic. For example, read to a greater extent than virtually Scota of Arab Republic of Egypt in addition to the origins of the Scottish people at "<a href="http://www.scotsman.com/news/the-pharaoh-s-daughter-who-was-the-mother-of-all-scots-1-466985" target="_blank">The pharaoh's immature lady who was the woman raise of all Scots</a>," from <i>The Scotsman</i> publication. </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> The mutual thread inward Roger's query was his unending aim to counter white supremacist propaganda that prevailed inward segregated communities across the USA against people of African descent.The works of Rogers exclusively became assigned reading inward the most independently-developed, academy curriculum of African-centered history professors -- in addition to fifty-fifty then, afterward Rogers had passed away. The noted historian physician John Henrik Clarke states that Rogers "looked at the history of people of African origin, in addition to showed how their history is an inseparable purpose of the history of mankind." His works bring enlightened many people interested inward uncovering the suppressed histories of African people. His legacy continues through the groovy bulk of works he has left behind.<br /> <br /> <b>J.A. Rogers Works, Chronological past times Publication Date: </b><br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li>    From "Superman" to Man. Chicago: J. A. Rogers, 1917. —novel.</li> <li>    As Nature Leads: An Informal Discussion of the Reason Why Negro in addition to Caucasian are Mixing inward Spite of Opposition. Chicago: M. A. Donahue & Co, 1919. —novel.</li> <li>    The Approaching Storm in addition to Bow it May go Averted: An Open Letter to Congress Chicago: National Equal Rights League, Chicago Branch: 1920.</li> <li>    "Music in addition to Poetry — The Noblest Arts," Music in addition to Poetry, vol. 1, no. 1 (January 1921).</li> <li>    "The Thrilling Story of The Maroons," serialized inward The Negro World, March–April 1922.</li> <li>    "The West Indies: Their Political, Social, in addition to Economic Condition," serialized inward The Messenger (Volume 4, Number 9, September 1922).</li> <li>    Blood Money (Novel) serialized inward New York Amsterdam News, Apr 1923.</li> <li>    "The Ku Klux Klan Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Menace or Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Promise," serialized inward The Messenger (Volume 5, Number 3, March 1923).</li> <li>    "Jazz at Home" The Survey Graphic Harlem, vol. 6, no. half dozen (March 1925).</li> <li>    "What Are We, Negroes or Americans?" The Messenger, vol. 8, no. 8 (August 1926).</li> <li>    Book Review, Jazz, past times Paul Whiteman." Opportunity: The Journal of Negro Life (Volume 4, Number 48, Dec 1926).</li> <li>    "The Negro's Experience of Christianity in addition to Islam," Review of Nations, Geneva (January–March 1928)</li> <li>    "The American Occupation of Haiti: Its Moral in addition to Economic Benefit," past times Dantes Bellegarde. (Translator). Opportunity: Journal of Negro Life (Volume 8, Number 1, Jan 1930).</li> <li>    "The Negro inward Europe," The American Mercury (May 1930).</li> <li>    "The Negro inward European History," Opportunity: Journal of Negro Life (Volume 8, Number 6, June 1930).</li> <li>    World's Greatest Men of African Descent. New York: J. A. Rogers Publications, 1931.</li> <li>    "The Americans inward Ethiopia," nether the pseudonym Jerrold Robbins, inward American Mercury (May 1933).</li> <li>    "Enrique Diaz," inward Opportunity: Journal of Negro Life, vol. 11, no. half dozen (June 1933).</li> <li>    100 Amazing facts virtually the Negro with Complete Proof. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Short Cut to the World History of the Negro. New York: J. A. Rogers Publications, 1934.</li> <li>    World's Greatest Men in addition to Women of African Descent. New York: J. A. Rogers Publications, 1935.</li> <li>    "Italy Over Abyssinia," The Crisis, Volume 42, Number 2, Feb 1935.</li> <li>    The Real Facts About Ethiopia. New York: J.A Rogers, 1936.</li> <li>    "When I Was In Europe," Interracial Review: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 magazine for Christian Democracy, Oct 1938.</li> <li>    "Hitler in addition to the Negro," Interracial Review: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Journal for Christian Democracy, Apr 1940.</li> <li>    "The Suppression of Negro History," The Crisis, vol. 47, no. v (May 1940).</li> <li>    Your History: From the Beginning of Time to the Present. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Courier Publishing Co, 1940.</li> <li>    An Appeal From Pioneer Negroes of the World, Inc: An Open Letter to His Holiness Pope Pius XII. New York: J. A. Rogers, 1940.</li> <li>    Sex in addition to Race: Negro-Caucasian Mixing inward All Ages in addition to All Lands, Volume I: The Old World. New York: J. A. Rogers, 1941.</li> <li>    Sex in addition to Race: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 History of White, Negro, in addition to Indian Miscegenation inward the Two Americas, Volume II: The New World. New York: J. A. Rogers, 1942.</li> <li>    Sex in addition to Race, Volume III: Why White in addition to Black Mix inward Spite of Opposition. New York: J. A. Rogers, 1944.</li> <li>    World's Great Men of Color, Volume I: Asia in addition to Africa, in addition to Historical Figures Before Christ, Including Aesop, Hannibal, Cleopatra, Zenobia, Askia the Great, in addition to Many Others. New York : J. A. Rogers, 1946.</li> <li>    World's Great Men of Color, Volume II: Europe, South in addition to Central America, the West Indies, in addition to the United States, Including Alessandro de' Medici, Alexandre Dumas, Dom Pedro II, Marcus Garvey, in addition to Many Others (New York: J. A. Rogers, 1947).</li> <li>    "Jim Crow Hunt," The Crisis (November 1951).</li> <li>    Nature Knows No Color Line: Research into the Negro Ancestry inward the White Race. (New York: J. A. Rogers, 1952).</li> <li>    Facts About the Negro. (Drawings past times A. S. Milai) (booklet) (Pittsburgh: Lincoln Park Studios, 1960).</li> <li>    Africa's Gift to America: The Afro-American inward the Making in addition to Saving of the United States. With New Supplement Africa in addition to its Potentialities. (New York: J. A. Rogers, 1961).</li> <li>    She Walks inward Beauty. Los Angeles: Western Publishers, 1963. —novel</li> <li>    "Civil War Centennial: Myth in addition to Reality," Freedomways, vol. 3, no.1 (Winter 1963).</li> <li>    The Five Negro presidents: According to What White People Said They Were. New York: J. A. Rogers, 1965.</li> </ul> (<i>Publication Chronology courtesy of Wikipedia</i>) <br /> <div style="text-align: left;"> <br /></div> </div>

J. A. Rogers: Author, Journalist As Well As Historical Illustrator

Photo of Joel Augustus Rogers aka J.A. Rogers (b. 9/6/1880 - d. 3/26/1966) Joel Augustus Rogers was born September 6, 1880 inward Negri...

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Mary Mcleod Bethune: My Final Volition Too Testament

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4MlEmdSxUQiEeNGnKH611Z6ZxYdFrzF1ERvKZtzNOZctH8F9HD0S24-mxGElHi6CjfE3h9dBm5GMu8Nc-wcrvaeP2SW1jcEGygNodHTEO3aDPD3fjwSfoTUBQyZ0EB_IN3bPh6tDe8QQ/s1600/Photo+of+Mary+McLeod+Bethune.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4MlEmdSxUQiEeNGnKH611Z6ZxYdFrzF1ERvKZtzNOZctH8F9HD0S24-mxGElHi6CjfE3h9dBm5GMu8Nc-wcrvaeP2SW1jcEGygNodHTEO3aDPD3fjwSfoTUBQyZ0EB_IN3bPh6tDe8QQ/s1600/Photo+of+Mary+McLeod+Bethune.jpg" width="280" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: H5N1 immature Mary McLeod Bethune (b. <span class="kno-fv _jI">July 10, 1875 - d. May 18, 1955)</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <em>Born July 10, 1875 inwards Mayesville, South Carolina, Mary Jane McLeod Bethune became a civil rights leader as well as educator known best for creating a person schoolhouse for African-American students inwards Daytona Beach, Florida -- now known every bit </em><a href="http://www.cookman.edu/about_BCU/history/our_founder.html" target="_blank"><em>Bethune-Cookman University</em></a><em>. Born to enslaved African parents, Sam as well as Patsy McLeod, she has left her legacy upon the wall of time: serving the African-American community, advising United States of America presidents, as well as more. Rising from the humblest background, she became an icon of African womanhood every bit preserver as well as a adult woman of courage inwards the expression upwards of slap-up social as well as economical challenges. Below is ane of McLeod's writings -- more of a prayer poem -- titled</em> My Last Will as well as Testament<em>.</em> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: medium;">If I remove hold a legacy to larn out my people, it is<br /> my philosophy of living as well as serving. </span><br /> <br /> Here, Then, is My Legacy...<br /> <ul> <li>I larn out y'all love.<br /><ul><i>Love builds. It is positive as well as helpful.</i></ul>  </li> <li>I larn out y'all hope.</li> <ul><i>Yesterday, our ancestors endured the degradation of slavery, even then they retained their dignity.</i></ul> <ul> </ul> <li>I larn out y'all the challenge of developing<br /> confidence inwards ane another.</li> <ul><i>This variety of confidence volition assist the economical ascent of the race past times bringing together the pennies as well as dollars of our people as well as ploughing them into useful channels.</i></ul> <ul> </ul> <li>I larn out y'all thirst for education.</li> <ul><i>Knowledge is the prime number postulate of the hour.</i> </ul> <ul> </ul> <li>I larn out y'all a honour for the uses of power.</li> <ul><i>Power, intelligently directed, tin Pb to to a greater extent than freedom.</i></ul> <ul> </ul> <li>I larn out y'all faith.</li> <ul><i>Faith inwards God is the greatest power, exactly great, too, is faith inwards oneself.</i></ul> <ul> </ul> <li>I larn out y'all racial dignity.</li> <ul><i>I wish Negroes to keep their human dignity at all costs.</i></ul> <ul> </ul> <li type="Disk">I larn out y'all a wish to alive harmoniously amongst your boyfriend man. </li> </ul> <br /> <ul> <li type="Disk">I larn out you, finally, a responsibleness to our immature people.<br /><ul><i>The the world around us actually belongs to youth, for youth volition remove hold over its futurity management.</i></ul> <br /> <center> Mary McLeod Bethune</center> </li> </ul> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwIOoKYXXtfw1e3G0RODPeS5F5hvnSqCm8_KjiiDtwIZJlusECEeR4yuQ4eJXP5UmkVhXmvtF_nVt-I1Uy4MQx2CqXmb9dBcCuvkAxDNH3eXC6d-tOFyizJhxg5xAOGHWhTtPom7mZZ_c/s1600/Mary+McLeod+Bethune+Public+Memorial+Statue.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwIOoKYXXtfw1e3G0RODPeS5F5hvnSqCm8_KjiiDtwIZJlusECEeR4yuQ4eJXP5UmkVhXmvtF_nVt-I1Uy4MQx2CqXmb9dBcCuvkAxDNH3eXC6d-tOFyizJhxg5xAOGHWhTtPom7mZZ_c/s1600/Mary+McLeod+Bethune+Public+Memorial+Statue.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bronze memorial statue of Mary McLeod Bethune, past times Robert Berks, located inwards Washington D.C.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div align="left"> </div> </div>

Mary Mcleod Bethune: My Final Volition Too Testament

Photo: H5N1 immature Mary McLeod Bethune (b. July 10, 1875 - d. May 18, 1955) Born July 10, 1875 inwards Mayesville, South Carolina, ...

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When Dark Folks Owned Baseball Game Stadiums Inwards Memphis: Dr. Lavatory B. Martin, The Martin Brothers & The Negro League

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJnf677yRyku-zvjr_8RPLGEIL2DIV3Il1908YIfa25JiApnhp-X1Oibt85gR-WF2qL2rMlTyhYLCUyAaKne6vCcq8V10zDzlsEkb2_GeVkNreWR-J0Fugq6sF-b0tLTqC-huuHWyfNA8/s1600/Memphis+Red+Sox+Martin+Stadium+Negro+League+Players+J+B+Martin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLgP8aarFB72Db8vR2Zn9jSx7aTXyQ3Gbu7lvZmRnoC8PJ9lFxRDvCGYuwkutzh8MFxxXfAYTbnOgQ3zU3YQlRzJ9KNll9eLtwuLYh1_2tZSOZB-QGQOQP-tDSbAtEPVJSdHVXJ1BS0sY/s1600/JB+Martin+Stadium+Negro+League+Memphis+Red+Sox+Black+History+African+Americans.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLgP8aarFB72Db8vR2Zn9jSx7aTXyQ3Gbu7lvZmRnoC8PJ9lFxRDvCGYuwkutzh8MFxxXfAYTbnOgQ3zU3YQlRzJ9KNll9eLtwuLYh1_2tZSOZB-QGQOQP-tDSbAtEPVJSdHVXJ1BS0sY/s400/JB+Martin+Stadium+Negro+League+Memphis+Red+Sox+Black+History+African+Americans.png" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Memphis Red Sox players inwards forepart of dugout.</td></tr> </tbody></table> </a><br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Dr. John B. Martin (1885-1973), oftentimes referred to equally J. B. Martin, was president of Negro League associations and owned the Memphis Red Sox (1923-1950) in addition to the Chicago American Giants (1937-1950) baseball game teams. While many people oftentimes elevate to the "Negro League", this is a full general term used to elevate to a release of associations that included the Negro National League, the Negro American League, the Negro Southern League, equally good equally smaller leagues such equally the Negro Dixie League. J. B. Martin served equally president of the National Southern League, the National American League in addition to the Negro Dixie League was 1 of the several Negro leagues created during the fourth dimension organized during the fourth dimension organized American baseball game was segregated. </div> <br /> <b>A Black-owned Sports Stadium: An Enterprising Black Family </b><br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: left;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The Memphis Red Sox was a Negro League baseball game squad founded inwards 1923 past times J. B. Martin in addition to Dr. B. B. Martin, brothers inwards a prominent African-American menage unit of measurement inwards Memphis. The Martin brothers were both dentists alongside prominent dental practices. J. B. Martin was a dentist, pharmacist, operated a funeral parlor, invested inwards existent estate in addition to Republican political leader. He built the Martin baseball game commons where he owned in addition to operated the concession stands. He likewise owned a hotel nearby the baseball game champaign inwards Memphis, equally good equally enterprises on Beale Street. <br /> <br /> J.B. Martin's menage unit of measurement members were likewise quite enterprising. In add-on to a dental practice, his blood brother Dr. B. B. Martin acted equally the Red Sox trouble concern manager in addition to served equally an officeholder inwards the National Southern League. Dr. A. T. Martin worked equally a full general practitioner for 50 years in addition to worked alongside the Red Sox for 25 years. Dr. William S. Martin, was superintendent of the Collins Chapel Hospital for 35 years, inwards add-on to serving equally an officeholder for the Red Sox in addition to the Negro American League, equally good equally serving equally president of the Negro Southern League. The iv Martins, all Black doctors, were prominent inwards the Memphis community in addition to inside the Negro League franchises. </div> <br /> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOKVxcNllJwkkfVMra7vwZY7Df82Q_A0-dA4oPXu-Q6Ar9lm_8H8RyrUx-3DHlRA18u_FnmGFijoTEjJ0e9Yq1_VXrsN58h4R-iGHQfXbKzbMpFUL9OELgBsiOk1ZZm8capEO2M01Npqk/s1600/Martin+Stadium+Memphis+Red+Sox+Negro+League+Black+History.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOKVxcNllJwkkfVMra7vwZY7Df82Q_A0-dA4oPXu-Q6Ar9lm_8H8RyrUx-3DHlRA18u_FnmGFijoTEjJ0e9Yq1_VXrsN58h4R-iGHQfXbKzbMpFUL9OELgBsiOk1ZZm8capEO2M01Npqk/s400/Martin+Stadium+Memphis+Red+Sox+Negro+League+Black+History.png" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Negro League's Black-owned Martin Stadium inwards Memphis.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align: justify;">   In 1920, the Martin brothers built Martin Stadium on what is at 1 time Crump Boulevard in addition to Danny Thomas, making the Red Sox 1 of the few baseball game clubs inwards the Negro League alongside their ain ballpark. Most Negro League teams played inwards white squad parks when the white teams were on the road. Not entirely did the Memphis Red Sox convey a stadium, J. B. Martin likewise owned a hotel close the park. The baseball game commons was built from scratch, but non without resistance from the White supremacy institution inwards Memphis nether what was called the "Crump Machine." Edward Hull Crump governed Memphis for decades through manipulation of both the Black in addition to White vote into a political machine that enabled him to command Memphis politics. When J. B. Martin, a Black Republican, denounced Crump inwards 1939, Crump responded with mounting pressure level on Martin using the Memphis police, such equally targeting Martin's Beale Street businesses alongside raids. The Martin Stadium originally had a capacity of 3,000, but grew to nearly 7,000 topographic point capacity. It was demolished inwards 1961. <br /> <br /> <b>The Memphis Red Sox</b><br /> <b><br /></b> <br /> <div> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDjAtAfrPTmlWVzMKlgUPvU1t5g6Hg_54F3ejye-P-EF3E1PbzxIYfQXznwdVR6Fz4Ubyo1SMmKjQBGgHuoJ5fw_IPRnPk8Pc0lR2VKlpfGnROY9pb-0o9bF-xmfi-2bFulOVeV8wosrs/s1600/Memphis+Red+Sox+Martin+Stadium+Negro+League+Players+J+B+Martin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDjAtAfrPTmlWVzMKlgUPvU1t5g6Hg_54F3ejye-P-EF3E1PbzxIYfQXznwdVR6Fz4Ubyo1SMmKjQBGgHuoJ5fw_IPRnPk8Pc0lR2VKlpfGnROY9pb-0o9bF-xmfi-2bFulOVeV8wosrs/s200/Memphis+Red+Sox+Martin+Stadium+Negro+League+Players+J+B+Martin.jpg" width="200" /></a>The Memphis Red Sox were initially organized past times Robert S. Lewis, a Memphis funeral director, inwards the early on 1920s. When the Martin's purchased the independent squad inwards 1924, the team joined the Negro National League in addition to B. B. Martin acted equally the Red Sox trouble concern manager. In 1926, the franchise left the Negro National League in addition to joined the newly-established Negro Southern League for its initiatory season. In 1932, it rejoined the Negro Southern League alongside subsequent seasons equally an independent team. In 1937, the Red Sox became a charter fellow member of the Negro American League, where they remained until their dissolution inwards 195X. Four players associated alongside the Memphis Red Sox were inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame: Satchel Paige, James "Cool Papa" Bell, Willy Wells, in addition to Turkey Steams.</div> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b><br /></b> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b>The Chicago American Giants</b></div> </div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaed-T9C0YGSMYmFHnp4f_FyQiRltd7Lf0ujv7B0Vi-M11YXGkCoRVPbCJIhyphenhyphengUfV22Mxjam4W8NFQR-fMXPCsbs4aYO6tlwSxsD4u91F8rC8S-I8LfE0toJAJFJg1nqxpopiREo2LuWA/s1600/Chicago+American+Giants+Negro+League+JB+Martin+Black+History+African+Americans.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaed-T9C0YGSMYmFHnp4f_FyQiRltd7Lf0ujv7B0Vi-M11YXGkCoRVPbCJIhyphenhyphengUfV22Mxjam4W8NFQR-fMXPCsbs4aYO6tlwSxsD4u91F8rC8S-I8LfE0toJAJFJg1nqxpopiREo2LuWA/s200/Chicago+American+Giants+Negro+League+JB+Martin+Black+History+African+Americans.jpg" width="200" /></a> The Negro Leagues began to diminish afterward Brooklyn's Jackie Robinson broke the colouring barrier inwards 1947. In 1949, J. B. Martin leased the Chicago American Giants to William Little because he wanted to pass to a greater extent than necktie managing the affairs of the Negro American League Martin appointed Ted "Double Duty" Radcliffe equally manager of the Chicago American Giants inwards 1950. This was 3 years afterward Jackie Robinson broke the colouring line. Martin was concerned nigh Black players joining Major League teams in addition to thus he instructed Radcliffe to sign White players. The squad disbanded inwards 1952. The Negro American League disbanded afterward its 1962 season.  </div> <br /> <br /></div>

When Dark Folks Owned Baseball Game Stadiums Inwards Memphis: Dr. Lavatory B. Martin, The Martin Brothers & The Negro League

Memphis Red Sox players inwards forepart of dugout. Dr. John B. Martin (1885-1973), oftentimes referred to equally J. B. Martin, was...

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