The Sleeping Giant: 2 Video Docs On African Violet Families

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">AFRICAN KINGDOMS: Interview alongside the Living H.I.M Empress Shebah 'Ra - Queen Shebah III on Royals Responsibilities:<br /> <br /> <div align="center"><object height="285" width="330"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/96p_-QIMWvY&hl=en_US&fs=1&color1=0x3a3a3a&color2=0x999999"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/96p_-QIMWvY&hl=en_US&fs=1&color1=0x3a3a3a&color2=0x999999" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="330" height="285"></embed></object></div><br /> Discussion includes a brief history of ii African regal lines, including the Nubian Kushite throne (home portion roofing the southern portion of <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=rule-of-akhenaten-pharaoh-akhenaten">Egypt</a> as well as northern portion of Sudan that traces its dynastic history from Nimrod, begetter of Sheba I as well as boy of Cush, grandson of Ham, as well as great-grandson of Noah. Discussion betwixt these regal identify unit of measurement representatives too describes electrical flow federation efforts of the African Kingdoms as well as Royal Bloodlines on the African continent.<br /> <div style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /> <br /> <br /> <b>Video: History of African Women Royal Leaders as well as Queen Mothers</b><br /> <br /> <b> </b><object height="285" width="330"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/L8XcVxUeSyc&hl=en_US&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/L8XcVxUeSyc&hl=en_US&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="330" height="285"></embed></object></div></div>

The Sleeping Giant: 2 Video Docs On African Violet Families

AFRICAN KINGDOMS: Interview alongside the Living H.I.M Empress Shebah 'Ra - Queen Shebah III on Royals Responsibilities: Discussion includes a brief history of ii African regal lines, including the …

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Africans Inwards Medieval England

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"></span></b> </div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHIkNm9KnhR9gxPNZQbhAmt1CTFyJ-v0cg2kABRyJXT6dbAQoG1IFvd-C5xcH9hGIQP0MPSkWPIERps-xbX_ZKBjswBnqXpQGJ-oie-kRbwD4C2qb3KaxeDBo9ojS5yhkhpnI-57X53uk/s1600/African+Knights+in+Medieval+Europe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHIkNm9KnhR9gxPNZQbhAmt1CTFyJ-v0cg2kABRyJXT6dbAQoG1IFvd-C5xcH9hGIQP0MPSkWPIERps-xbX_ZKBjswBnqXpQGJ-oie-kRbwD4C2qb3KaxeDBo9ojS5yhkhpnI-57X53uk/s1600/African+Knights+in+Medieval+Europe.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Images of artistic renderings of African descent knights of medieval Europe</td></tr> </tbody></table> Human skeletal remains were constitute in a friary inward Ipswich, Suffolk, England inward the 1990s with recent carbon testing dating the remains to the European medieval menses of 1190-1300. Scientific experts convey confirmed that it is the oldest fossil tape bear witness of the African presence inward Medieval Europe. The European Medieval Period, every bit good called The Middle Ages, is to a greater extent than frequently than non dated past times Western historians every bit running from the 5th-15th centuries.<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5jr4wRyDKnkbcFMIuyWwq7Od8CAlu50xg_-pDw8ddFV4VlyrUaxNFs_xgxKHelCvoFUWXVjeZZl-0druJrqVr8Q0XfTFaV8gnkvmtvpm0KJ1Gm9gNf9JpNayW-J28Qwj79lB6HCBnuHA/s1600/EnglandSuffolk.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5jr4wRyDKnkbcFMIuyWwq7Od8CAlu50xg_-pDw8ddFV4VlyrUaxNFs_xgxKHelCvoFUWXVjeZZl-0druJrqVr8Q0XfTFaV8gnkvmtvpm0KJ1Gm9gNf9JpNayW-J28Qwj79lB6HCBnuHA/s320/EnglandSuffolk.png" tt="true" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Map of the Suffolk Region of England</span></b></div> <br /> Isotopic forensic testing conducted past times experts from the University of Dundee Scotland identified the archaeological remains at Ipswich every bit a human of African descent, probable from the northern regional surface area of the African continent, inward a reason right away called Tunisia inward the Atlas Mountains region. Body carbon dating was every bit good performed past times experts for the History Cold Case plan on BBC2, which volition unloosen a documentary tidings characteristic that includes skillful facial reconstruction from the skull remains. The remains were constitute buried on consecrated religious grounds at a friary inward the Suffolk portion of the United Kingdom.<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiptJED2aNivsmBEKO5eS3k4js7tKPLo4OL4jDuwbEmlIETIVtE2iQ5PM1oHcn5fCVLzldbG87QzlAvS-R5HwSQxxuY7jaaXOfJJLn_WZgK9gRH6k51AiTw212DeFfya2K7TEM3wSm8ZG0/s1600/Tower_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiptJED2aNivsmBEKO5eS3k4js7tKPLo4OL4jDuwbEmlIETIVtE2iQ5PM1oHcn5fCVLzldbG87QzlAvS-R5HwSQxxuY7jaaXOfJJLn_WZgK9gRH6k51AiTw212DeFfya2K7TEM3wSm8ZG0/s320/Tower_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.jpg" tt="true" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Image: The Mosque of Uqba, Tunisia</span></b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> In ancient times, this portion was populated by a people called Phoenicians (/fɨˈnɪʃə/) by English linguistic communication speakers and Canaan (Kana`an) in the Hebrew language. Later European as well as Arab settlers came into the region, such as the <a href="http://ancient-military-history.suite101.com/article.cfm/hannibal-and-the-military-history-of-carthage">Roman Empire</a> nether the Eastern Germanic Tribe called Vandals, as well as the Ottoman Empire. The Mosque of Uqba, every bit good known every bit the Great Mosque of Kairouan, was founded inward 670 B.C.E. in Tunisia (pictured above). It is known every bit the oldest mosque inward what is called past times Arab settlers as the Muslim West.<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS0Nkt8O1CIbDWUM1pdRZL8BYtomROu7csDPLZX1sbovRBe3HZ95gdK1cjZ6IfvwmZkBeLUMAHS8QuOsm8gjoyJ2LWGkRwia5iqa2PuzY30ZOLvJBsqaqoMtNLg26XdjSpvckezQ0r3FI/s1600/medieval+africa+map" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS0Nkt8O1CIbDWUM1pdRZL8BYtomROu7csDPLZX1sbovRBe3HZ95gdK1cjZ6IfvwmZkBeLUMAHS8QuOsm8gjoyJ2LWGkRwia5iqa2PuzY30ZOLvJBsqaqoMtNLg26XdjSpvckezQ0r3FI/s320/medieval+africa+map" tt="true" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Map of <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=african-kingdoms-medieval-warfare" target="_blank">Medieval Africa</a></span></b></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4PKZYtFbAZt9RsV-8qJTsOZW2x7z2s91DxyxVQLJqjiE_a417ZeG9LDtR0u1C4XhRhoWDY_njnlKW4j-kAhXZxlphqY18b8ZBu22HTDZo76oUpI4DRrBlvr9YZHOfg_fxxtj11C0cVOU/s1600/Canaan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4PKZYtFbAZt9RsV-8qJTsOZW2x7z2s91DxyxVQLJqjiE_a417ZeG9LDtR0u1C4XhRhoWDY_njnlKW4j-kAhXZxlphqY18b8ZBu22HTDZo76oUpI4DRrBlvr9YZHOfg_fxxtj11C0cVOU/s320/Canaan.jpg" tt="true" width="237" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; font-size: x-small;">Photo: master copy reason of people Canaan along the Nile river</span></b></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; font-size: x-small;">before </span><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; font-size: x-small;">migrating throughout the African continent</span> </b></div> <br /> "We don't know much well-nigh the migration of ordinary people," said Jim Bolton, a historian at Queen Mary, University of London.  "I believe that this is the start physical bear witness of Africans inward medieval England." Prior to this discovery, however, the oldest known humans of <a href="http://statues.suite101.com/article.cfm/the-african-renaissance-monument-in-dakar-senegal-africa">African</a> descent to alive inward this portion of Europe were identified from the tax records. This was a couplet whose lifetime dated approximately 150 years afterwards the African human at Ipswich.</div>

Africans Inwards Medieval England

  Images of artistic renderings of African descent knights of medieval Europe Human skeletal remains were constitute in a friary inward Ipswich, Suffolk, England inward the 1990s with recent carb…

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The Queen Of Sheba: Ethiopia's Queen Makeda

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <img border="0" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw1GcAIxGQRdKNeduHOTwtsr7FFgfuyN_thTGgG020xtdQWCDEllD68s0-FlRgUor0eL_yJoHNGJtlntXYdUnFb0fWgNTfX1RRYxe-XBqD7t1OAPQ2WuEOBHOwD6iQmM1Ea2Cwx-Sa0CQ/s320/Queen+of+Sheba.jpg" /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>The Queen of Sheba from Ethiopian fresco (c.1100s-1200s), Lalibela, Ethiopia. Zagwe dynasty.</b></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><b>The Queen of Sheba</b></span>  </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> (also known equally Makeda, Makebah-Tamar, Malikat Saba; </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> Ge'ez: Nigist Saba; Hebrew: מלכת שבא‎; </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> Malkat Shva; Arabic: ملكة سبأ‎) </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> According to the <i><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0312167938/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0312167938&linkCode=as2&tag=manipubloffiw-20&linkId=4JFJZLDPYIT7ZOMD" target="_blank">Kebra Negast</a> (Kebra Nagast, Ge'ez: kəbrä nägäst, </i>"the Glory of Kings"), a nearly 700 yr onetime text from Ethiopic antiquity, the majestic describe of piece of occupation solid unit of measurement of the Nile percentage are offsprings of The Queen of Sheba, named Makeda (mākidā) in the Ethiopian account, which translates literally to "pillow." </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSuiX_U6TtplwRoDLizExEzPk-qtgMCuqw3junKtiy3Y5zbyxJgCnHBEUKSJw5EDOY32P0ihDoA6A4_TaJ54_oIT37ROQF-MfgCKuigpya_DTQY2B3uLWmrd0ZEE1v4LM81ierSc0vVVg/s1600/sheeba+solomon+relief.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSuiX_U6TtplwRoDLizExEzPk-qtgMCuqw3junKtiy3Y5zbyxJgCnHBEUKSJw5EDOY32P0ihDoA6A4_TaJ54_oIT37ROQF-MfgCKuigpya_DTQY2B3uLWmrd0ZEE1v4LM81ierSc0vVVg/s320/sheeba+solomon+relief.jpg" wt="true" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Batisterio san giovanni Florence (Italy), Salomon meets the Queen of Saba, </i></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>on the Paradise Door of the Florence Baptistry</i></span></div> <div align="center" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> Menelik I (Menyelek I) (also known equally <i>Ebna la-Hakim</i>, <i>Ibn Al-Hakim</i>, "Son of the Wise") was the entirely offspring of The Queen of Sheba of the ancient Kingdom of Sheba / Axumite Kingdom. King Solomon of ancient State of Israel was his father.  The Queen of Sheba in addition to King Solomon are both referenced inside the Christian, Hebrew, in addition to Qur'anic (Koran) Biblical accounts (See Table of Nations (Genesis 10:7)). </div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxTWlFxp7-6xIu5B9m1y_8WnRZ1aqTmN0kdNHxQL58VNaHcWOsLtrMG12HND8HDqH-N7d668aI54m209fi8vAiMYJbHLsPcG8Ln4z3dFqrARBUhBaW_edH9Zswf1xUc76biUd8vG3d1SM/s1600/Kingdom+of+Axum+500+AD.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxTWlFxp7-6xIu5B9m1y_8WnRZ1aqTmN0kdNHxQL58VNaHcWOsLtrMG12HND8HDqH-N7d668aI54m209fi8vAiMYJbHLsPcG8Ln4z3dFqrARBUhBaW_edH9Zswf1xUc76biUd8vG3d1SM/s320/Kingdom+of+Axum+500+AD.jpg" width="320" wt="true" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Map shows Nile percentage communities, including </span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Kingdom of Axum (Aksum) cir. 565 A.D.</span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN8P6IrAY-l-L0MTkLG0l-uOQsNKXhHpEDk8gqvXFukwrgG-DIwr7W-Cj-jkiUL-0Oh3_1T8gb-Ic8g26qJsB0RQDLq2aPw8Oo2HFuoqDRZfYp99yfHovPISf5pP6wSN4OdNxaVLyuqlw/s1600/tigray.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" gu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN8P6IrAY-l-L0MTkLG0l-uOQsNKXhHpEDk8gqvXFukwrgG-DIwr7W-Cj-jkiUL-0Oh3_1T8gb-Ic8g26qJsB0RQDLq2aPw8Oo2HFuoqDRZfYp99yfHovPISf5pP6wSN4OdNxaVLyuqlw/s320/tigray.gif" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> This East African kingdom at historical points may at to the lowest degree convey included parts of areas of Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, in addition to Yemen. This early on kingdom of antiquity, nether the historical throne of Sheba, may convey reached equally far S equally Zanzibar (“San-Sheba” or regard Persian: "Zangi-bar" alongside "Zangi" important "Black" in addition to "Bar" important "the") inwards Tanzania. See too Kemet [keh-MET translates "Black Land").</div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiRHsYYtV6FNm5U2w7rsUe0zpZHaPMMZpCn3i-Y0J6WwjOUAibWyKmFIfgcxDf2kVYjHlELCq4DzGDeraqQhzBdqVgVu8iurCJ37yroz6bXx2zEC1AylNVPdkAIe3YOmenXt365bWLxhA/s1600/Queen+of+Sheba+Kebra_Nagast.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiRHsYYtV6FNm5U2w7rsUe0zpZHaPMMZpCn3i-Y0J6WwjOUAibWyKmFIfgcxDf2kVYjHlELCq4DzGDeraqQhzBdqVgVu8iurCJ37yroz6bXx2zEC1AylNVPdkAIe3YOmenXt365bWLxhA/s320/Queen+of+Sheba+Kebra_Nagast.jpg" wt="true" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Kebra Negast</i>, available inwards mass shape today</span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: small;">The Kebra Nagast is an describe of piece of occupation organisation human relationship originally written inwards the Ge'ez linguistic communication (Semetic/Ethiopic/Nilotic) and recounts the origins of the paternal Solomonic describe of the Emperors of Ethiopia. The Kebra Nagast is considered yesteryear the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in addition to Rastafarian communities inwards the Africas equally an inspired in addition to accurate historical describe of piece of occupation organisation human relationship of how The Queen of Sheba met King Solomon in addition to nearly how the Ark of the Covenant came to the Axum (Aksum, Aksûmite, Tigray-Tigrinya Province) percentage of electrical current hateful solar daytime Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia in addition to Eritrea, upon The Queen's provide from ancient State of Israel alongside the manful somebody child, Menelik I.</span> </div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> According to the Kebra Nagast, Menelik I became the outset Imperial ruler of Ethiopia, the outset of a describe of Aksûmite Kings. The translation of the ancient text records of the Kebra Nagast too incorporate accounts of the early on creation stories of the people of this region, which today's scientific discipline definitively concludes is the birthplace of humankind in addition to human civilizations.  </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> It is said that Menelik's father, King Solomon, gave the Ark of the Covenant to The Queen of Sheba  to hold upward delivered equally his prayer that "the New Jerusalem" would have its throne at Axum. In 1967, Edward Ullendorff stated inwards his famous lectures that "[t]he Kebra Nagast is non but a literary work, but -- equally the Old Testament to the Hebrews or the Qur'an to the Arabs -- it is the repository of Ethiopian national in addition to religious feelings."</div> <br /> <br /> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5O1HUUMV1FLxBA6-ypXHBaHLljuMouLlvdAT822QRLX-NXHXq6uCqDBb-mRuvMKRIMfhdFwOFOCIbFiZ0-zsV3cxqR11dfn1kbDmpSkgS8fq0IQCbWMWCg0z7b1vRDfKrtDpyqS0QsHs/s1600/Axum+Art.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" gu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5O1HUUMV1FLxBA6-ypXHBaHLljuMouLlvdAT822QRLX-NXHXq6uCqDBb-mRuvMKRIMfhdFwOFOCIbFiZ0-zsV3cxqR11dfn1kbDmpSkgS8fq0IQCbWMWCg0z7b1vRDfKrtDpyqS0QsHs/s320/Axum+Art.jpg" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo of an Ethiopian antiquity art</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align: justify;">  <span style="text-align: justify;">The Queen of Sheba made the northern metropolis of Axum abode later returning from her merchandise journey to Israel. According to Ethiopian tradition, Menelik I in addition to the Ark of the Covenant was brought with Makeda. Many believe Haile Selassie I, born Tafari Makonnen, to hold upward of straight blood lineage from Menelik I, who began the East African Kings' long dominion inwards the region, starting around 950 BCE. Haile Selassie I's royal lineage has been a fact of fence amid African scholars. It is known, however, that royal majestic families proceed on the African continent despite the to a greater extent than recent historical evolution of African national governments. The </span><a href="http://www.imperialafrica.com/" style="text-align: justify;">African Continents Kingdom Federation</a><span style="text-align: justify;">'s (ACKF) electrical current leader is Imperial Matriarch Empress Shebah `Ra - </span><a href="http://www.imperialafrica.com/id2.html" style="text-align: justify;">Queen Shebah III</a><span style="text-align: justify;"> of the royal describe of piece of occupation solid unit of measurement describe of African Continent Nubian Nations Sheba Imperial Empire Kingdoms (0/1 Dynasty – 2d Millennium – seven Dynasty), a matriarchal throne. </span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b><i><br /></i></b> <b><i>Nights Over Egypt</i></b> yesteryear Incognito (original yesteryear The Jones Girls)<br /> <br /> <object height="244" width="325"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/UoxHwOl2gN0&hl=en_US&fs=1&color1=0xe1600f&color2=0xfebd01"> </param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"> </param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"> </param> <embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/UoxHwOl2gN0&hl=en_US&fs=1&color1=0xe1600f&color2=0xfebd01" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="325" height="244"></embed></object><br /> <br /> <b>As it was inwards antiquity, priests get together at Lalibela, Ethiopia</b><br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwf9gaS4kbwhzxM6HL5KP3vXd-oG_4ulxPWeDJ_kAFgH10WNejdVeT8f0azPpzVHfhHg_sdAl85qx219uWBn1e3Nb1rjV4Kzhk_d_aO2nBQ6I7VsABZN84Dpnavo_udVhx9Qmebkw15FM/s1600/Lalibela,+Ethiopia+Priests.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" gu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwf9gaS4kbwhzxM6HL5KP3vXd-oG_4ulxPWeDJ_kAFgH10WNejdVeT8f0azPpzVHfhHg_sdAl85qx219uWBn1e3Nb1rjV4Kzhk_d_aO2nBQ6I7VsABZN84Dpnavo_udVhx9Qmebkw15FM/s320/Lalibela,+Ethiopia+Priests.jpg" /></a></div> <br /> <b>Axum Girl</b><b><br /> </b><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiamcPshsVeuHjDPz_MxU-Ql3YzqiAc8yKamsDVmHUI09y9OIrZ98GDgwvSGZYSL3GnNcEioIPIDE3_XDErhO1iFUy-b08Dw6c0wsgB9_fdtT2vAdoiZOTiPoOAt1KU1uXACp5SiuS8I08/s1600/Ethiopian+Girl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" gu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiamcPshsVeuHjDPz_MxU-Ql3YzqiAc8yKamsDVmHUI09y9OIrZ98GDgwvSGZYSL3GnNcEioIPIDE3_XDErhO1iFUy-b08Dw6c0wsgB9_fdtT2vAdoiZOTiPoOAt1KU1uXACp5SiuS8I08/s320/Ethiopian+Girl.jpg" /></a></div> <br /> <i>And the dialogue continues...</i><br /> <object height="215" width="360"><param name="movie" value="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/9sVgaulfDtA?version=3&hl=en_US"> </param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"> </param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"> </param> <embed src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/9sVgaulfDtA?version=3&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="360" height="215" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div> </div> </div>

The Queen Of Sheba: Ethiopia's Queen Makeda

The Queen of Sheba from Ethiopian fresco (c.1100s-1200s), Lalibela, Ethiopia. Zagwe dynasty. The Queen of Sheba  (also known equally Makeda, Makebah-Tamar, Malikat Saba; Ge'ez: Nigist Saba…

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Marcus Mosiah Garvey: A Pan African History

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQkhxS6Dw6k4Lgbs43l8LPOLLcJNHgNJHdj-5cQDSYYYCj5T07sK8u8XjZspraxn4RuaadYNPfCqyTpnXczhtaCWDQLsebUwFSRmDHyUccmKc32YzlP5ttuo2U1IDVUaw7ZM7PnJg0IN8/s1600/photo+of+marcus+m+garvey.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQkhxS6Dw6k4Lgbs43l8LPOLLcJNHgNJHdj-5cQDSYYYCj5T07sK8u8XjZspraxn4RuaadYNPfCqyTpnXczhtaCWDQLsebUwFSRmDHyUccmKc32YzlP5ttuo2U1IDVUaw7ZM7PnJg0IN8/s640/photo+of+marcus+m+garvey.jpg" width="191" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Marcus Mosiah Garvey </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">(b. 8/17/1887 – d. 6/10/1940)</span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="text-align: justify;">Marcus Mosiah Garvey was born inwards Jamaica's St. Ann's Bay parish on August 17, 1887. His parents were Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Sr., a mason, in addition to Sarah Jane (nee Richards), keeper of the family's farm. Garvey was the youngest of xi children. He inherited his father's love of reading in addition to the family's extensive library was his refuge inwards youth.</span><br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> At fourteen years old, Garvey became a printer's apprentice. In 1907, Garvey, though a business office of management, led a strike with the printer for higher wages. Garvey's uncompromising negotiations with management on the behalf of workers led to his beingness fired in addition to ostracized yesteryear Kingston's person printing companies. It was this early on grooming that afterwards led Garvey to published his starting fourth dimension newspaper, <i>The Watchman</i>, every bit a forum for his emerging political views close oppression inside society.<br /> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7EzUR7IunjtFhXpmTv-blm5Oyfa5NXz2AnpE7Ee9Kbu8V7Gn6tHDOBxLXtRShhLMu6airjYIOybZvzzYw-5gRRgKkp9IhWRAjj6dHonpg_TzpJaztEq5iYLx2hKKZ5hZF1OFT8ve8RHY/s1600/marcus+garvey+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7EzUR7IunjtFhXpmTv-blm5Oyfa5NXz2AnpE7Ee9Kbu8V7Gn6tHDOBxLXtRShhLMu6airjYIOybZvzzYw-5gRRgKkp9IhWRAjj6dHonpg_TzpJaztEq5iYLx2hKKZ5hZF1OFT8ve8RHY/s400/marcus+garvey+3.jpg" width="326" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Photo: Do you lot know who the 2 men are with Marcus Mosiah Garvey? </span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Please assist us seat through comments.</span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <b>Marcus Garvey Travels the Americas, Goes to London, in addition to Starts UNIA</b><br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Garvey left Jamaica betwixt the years 1910 in addition to 1912 to travel. He travelled to countries inwards South in addition to Central America. This included Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Honduras, Columbia, in addition to Venezuela. He moved to England inwards 1911 to written report briefly at Birkbeck College. It was piece inwards England, inwards 1911 at the Hyde Park Speaker’s Corner, that he began to verbalize publicly close the status of Africans. An of import encounter for Garvey piece inwards London was coming together Duse Mohammed Ali, editor of the African Times in addition to Orient Review.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> He returned to Jamaica inwards 1914 in addition to founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). On March 16, 1916, Garvey moved to Harlem inwards New York where UNIA thrived. Garvey spoke across America in addition to gained thousands of supporters. He urged African-Americans to go proud of their race in addition to render to Africa. His biggest critic of his fourth dimension was W.E.B. Dubois, who publicly criticized the 'Back to Africa' movement.</div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b>* * *</b></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Marcus Garvey married the Jamaican-born Amy Jacques Garvey. Mrs. Garvey did non obtain her legitimacy merely from the status of her hubby every bit she was a powerful Pan-Africanist in addition to Black Nationalist journalist. In 1919, Amy Jacques became the Secretary General of the UNIA, a seat she held for to a greater extent than than one-half a century. From 1924 to 1927, Mrs. Garvey was the associate editor of The Negro World, an UNIA newspaper, where she wrote a column titled "Our Women in addition to What They Think."</div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJvKlQW3jEgcNn0781qC8C4-T0p2MZuOKQ79sRSAv5wOOqt9ctPT4ILy7Ddw1vBSWohj_JdvoSlFPPxmtgnOdF_Zf1WXqt_7SAK811yNO9CM4V8j3o71gZNfs8v2jnbRBPMIT04pwQxlw/s1600/marcus+garvey+and+his+wife+amy+jacques.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJvKlQW3jEgcNn0781qC8C4-T0p2MZuOKQ79sRSAv5wOOqt9ctPT4ILy7Ddw1vBSWohj_JdvoSlFPPxmtgnOdF_Zf1WXqt_7SAK811yNO9CM4V8j3o71gZNfs8v2jnbRBPMIT04pwQxlw/s400/marcus+garvey+and+his+wife+amy+jacques.jpg" width="281" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Marcus Garvey with his married adult woman Amy Jacques Garvey</span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <b>The Black Star Line in addition to the Rise of Black Nationalism inwards the Americas</b><br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> By 1919, Garvey also founded the Black Star Line, a trans-Atlantic ship he aimed to utilization every bit transportation to in addition to from Africa. Garvey's attemps to pursuade the authorities of Republic of Liberia to grant dry soil settlements were unsuccessful. That same year, Garvey founded the Negro Factories Corporation to encourage economical independence. In 1922, Garvey was arrested yesteryear U.S. marshalls on allegation of postal service fraud through utilization of the federal postal service system. The illustration was inwards connective with Garvey's sale of ship stock inwards the Black Star Line.</div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Many commentators propose that the prosecution was politically motivated, every bit Garvey's popularity inwards the U.S. with Black communities had attracted authorities attention. U.S. Congressman Charles Range, 15th District, notes inwards a <a href="http://www.house.gov/list/hearing/ny15_rangel/opedgarvey.html">February 22, 2002 OP-EDS</a>, that a New York Times' written report of J. Edgar Hoover's purpose inwards the Garvey prosecution: “Hoover saw the [B]lacks in addition to the Reds every bit a larger conspiracy. The novel Negro movement, which Garvey symbolized, Hoover saw every bit a terrible threat to the American way.” </div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Many of the members of his early on Garveyism or Garveyite motion would go business office of the later established Nation of Islam inwards the U.S. Garvey's telephone telephone for a U.S. of A. of America of Africa was heard non only inwards the Caribbean Area in addition to U.S., but inwards West Africa in addition to Southern Africa. Garvey believed a pan-African dry soil was needed to render stability in addition to wealth to Africa.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <i>The Poem 'Hail, U.S. of A. of America of Africa' was written yesteryear Marcus Garvey inwards 1924.</i></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQaeIzQBHDHb_mTKEiqjSzzfTLptFzj2_uht9XCGotLl9_nVEm8F1fXaLC2nHc6LV4ltCKdN25St2qA5dBNKKS7Ig9s0NHaFswkz-4wE9HgOZfeblA4cNasQFHgo2QZtkOjLGd-5Zn__8/s1600/Map+of+the+African+Continent.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQaeIzQBHDHb_mTKEiqjSzzfTLptFzj2_uht9XCGotLl9_nVEm8F1fXaLC2nHc6LV4ltCKdN25St2qA5dBNKKS7Ig9s0NHaFswkz-4wE9HgOZfeblA4cNasQFHgo2QZtkOjLGd-5Zn__8/s320/Map+of+the+African+Continent.png" /></a></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: large;">Hail! U.S. of A. of America of Africa!</span></b></div> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <i>Hail! U.S. of A. of America of Africa-free! Hail! Motherland most bright, divinely fair! State inwards perfect sisterhood united, Born of truth; mighty thou shalt always be. Hail! Sweet dry soil of our father’s noble kin! Let joy inside thy bounds go always known; Friend of the wandering poor, in addition to helpless, thou, Light to all, such every bit freedom’s reigns within.</i></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <i>From Liberia’s peaceful western coast To the foaming Cape at the southern end, There’s but ane constabulary in addition to persuasion sublime, One flag, in addition to its emblem of which nosotros boast. The Nigerians are all united now, Sierra Leone in addition to the Gold Coast, too. Gambia, Senegal, non divided, But inwards ane matrimony happily bow.</i><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></div> </blockquote> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <i>The treason of the centuries is dead, All alien whites are forever gone; The glad abode of Sheba is in ane lawsuit to a greater extent than free, As o’er the world the dark n-tan raised his head. Bechuanaland, a State with Kenya, Members of the Federal Union grand, Send their greetings to sis Zanzibar, And so does laughing Tanganyika.</i></div> <i></i> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <i>Over inwards Grand Mother Mozambique, The pretty Union Flag floats inwards the air, She is sis to expert Somaliland, Smiling with the children of Dahomey. Three lusty thank you lot for onetime Basutoland, Timbuctoo, Tunis in addition to Algeria, Uganda, Kamerun, all together Are inwards the Union with Nyasaland. We waited long for fiery Morocco, Now with Republic of Guinea in addition to Togo she has come, All gratis in addition to equal inwards the sisterhood, Like Swazi, Zululand in addition to the Congo.</i></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <i>There is no dry soil left out of the Union- The East, West, North, South, including Central, Are inwards the nation, strong forever, Over blacks inwards glorious dominion. Hail! U.S. of A. of America of Africa-free! Country of the brave dark man’s liberty; State of greater nationhood thou hast won, H5N1 novel life for the race is merely begun.</i></div> </blockquote> Poem yesteryear Marcus Mosiah Garvey<br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEircJwNyOuX0bSN-HeY7ZtQDaozR1w04S4Qfv8A95odFPdv0cwib7BcKMfsh73yOo2VPDSdbuGfLRBzk4fcy5fEwPg8EOzJIH5wAqLrHQV49cFIEbZSfxkWr1KYmBsYD0KuNPsWAieN-3g/s1600/Marcus+Garvey+1924.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" qu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEircJwNyOuX0bSN-HeY7ZtQDaozR1w04S4Qfv8A95odFPdv0cwib7BcKMfsh73yOo2VPDSdbuGfLRBzk4fcy5fEwPg8EOzJIH5wAqLrHQV49cFIEbZSfxkWr1KYmBsYD0KuNPsWAieN-3g/s640/Marcus+Garvey+1924.jpg" width="208" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Photo: Marcus Mosiah Garvey (1914)</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In 1925, despite an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, Garvey was sent to the Atlanta penitentiary. His The <i>Garvey Letter From an Atlanta Prison</i> is dated Feb 10, 1925, in addition to excerpted below every bit follows:</div> <blockquote style="text-align: justify;"> <i><b>Fellow Men of the Negro Race Greetings</b></i></blockquote> <blockquote style="text-align: justify;"> <i>I am delighted to inform you, that your humble retainer is every bit happy inwards suffering for you lot in addition to our drive every bit is possible nether the circumstances of beingness viciously outraged yesteryear a grouping of plotters who receive got connived to produce their worst to humiliate you lot through me, inwards larn by for existent emancipation in addition to African Redemption. </i></blockquote> <blockquote style="text-align: justify;"> <i>I produce non desire at this fourth dimension to write anything that would larn inwards hard for you lot to reckon the opposition of your enemy without my assistance. Suffice to tell that the history of the offend shall shape a first-class chapter inwards the history of Africa redeemed. When dark homo volition no longer go nether the heels of others, but receive got a civilization in addition to civilization of their own.</i></blockquote> <blockquote style="text-align: justify;"> <i>The whole thing is a disgrace, in addition to the whole dark world knows it. We shall non forget. Our hateful solar daytime may go fifty, a hundred or 2 hundred years ahead, allow us watch, work, in addition to pray, for the civilization of injustice is jump to crumble in addition to pick out devastation downward upon the heads of the unjust. </i></blockquote> <blockquote style="text-align: justify;"> <i>My operate is merely begun, in addition to when the history of my suffering is complete, so the hereafter generations of the Negro volition receive got inwards their hands the guide yesteryear which they shall know the “sins” of the twentieth century. I, in addition to I know you, too, believe inwards time, in addition to nosotros shall hold off patiently for 2 hundred years, if necessitate be, to facial expression upwardly our enemies through our prosperity.</i></blockquote> <blockquote style="text-align: justify;"> <i>All I receive got I receive got given you. I receive got sacrificed my abode in addition to my loving married adult woman for you. I entrust her to your charge, to protect in addition to defend her inwards my absence. She is the bravest footling adult woman I know. She has suffered in addition to sacrificed with me for you, therefore, delight produce non desert her at this dismal hour, when she stands alone. I left her penniless in addition to helpless to facial expression upwardly the world, because I gave you lot all, but her courage is great, in addition to I know she volition concord upwardly for you lot in addition to me.</i></blockquote> <blockquote style="text-align: justify;"> <i>After my enemies are satisfied, inwards life or decease I shall come upwardly dorsum to you lot to serve fifty-fifty every bit I receive got served before. In life I shall go the same; inwards decease I shall go a terror to the foes of Negro liberty. If decease has power, so count on me inwards decease to go the existent Marcus Garvey I would similar to be. If I may come upwardly inwards an earthquake, or a cyclone, or a plague, or pestilence, or every bit God would receive got me, so go assure that I would never desert you lot in addition to brand your enemies triumph over you. </i></blockquote> <blockquote style="text-align: justify;"> <i>Would I non go to hell a 1000000 times for you? Would I non similar Macbeth’s ghost, walk the globe forever for you? Would I non lose the whole world in addition to eternity for you? Would I non outcry forever earlier the footstool of the Lord Omnipotent for you? Would I non go out a 1000000 deaths for you? Then, why go sad? Cheer up, in addition to go assure that if it takes a 1000000 years the sins of our enemies shall see the millionth generation of those that hinder in addition to oppress us.</i></blockquote> <blockquote style="text-align: justify;"> <i>If I go out inwards Atlanta my operate shall so only begin, but I shall live, inwards the physical or spiritual to reckon the hateful solar daytime of Africa’s glory. When I am dead wrap the drape of the Red, Black in addition to Green merely about me, for inwards the novel life I shall ascent with God’s grace in addition to approbation to Pb the millions upwardly the heights of triumph with the colors that you lot good know. Look for me inwards the whirlwind or the storm, await for me all merely about you, for, with God’s grace I shall come upwardly in addition to pick out with me countless millions of dark slaves who receive got died inwards America in addition to the West Indies in addition to the millions inwards Africa to assistance you lot inwards the larn by for liberty, liberty in addition to life. </i></blockquote> <blockquote style="text-align: justify;"> <i>The civilization of today every bit gone drunkard in addition to crazy with its powerfulness in addition to yesteryear such it seeks through injustice, fraud in addition to lies to shell the unfortunate. But if I am patently crushed yesteryear the organization of influence in addition to misdirected power, my drive shall ascent in ane lawsuit again to plague the conscience of the corrupt. For this in ane lawsuit again I am satisfied, in addition to for you, I repeat, I am glad to endure in addition to fifty-fifty die. Again, I tell cheer up, for ameliorate days are ahead. I shall write the history that volition inspire the millions that are coming in addition to leave of absence the posterity of our enemies to reckon with the host for the deeds of their fathers.</i><br /> <i><br /> </i><br /> <i>With God’s dearest blessings, I leave of absence you lot for a while.</i></blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"> From<i> The Philosophy in addition to Opinions of Marcus Garvey</i>, edited yesteryear Amy Jacques Garvey, p 237-239 <br /> <br /> <i><span style="font-size: large;">Postscript</span></i><br /> <br /> <i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ultimately, Garvey was deported from the U.S. to Jamaica. See <span style="text-align: start;"><u>Marcus Garvey v. United States</u>,</span><span style="text-align: start;"> no. 8317, Ct. App., 2nd Cir., 2 Feb 1925, p. 1,699. </span>In 1935, Garvey moved permanently to London where he died on June 10, 1940. In 1964, his torso was returned to Jamaica where he was declared a  national hero.</span></span></i></div> <div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> </div> </div>

Marcus Mosiah Garvey: A Pan African History

Marcus Mosiah Garvey (b. 8/17/1887 – d. 6/10/1940) Marcus Mosiah Garvey was born inwards Jamaica's St. Ann's Bay parish on August 17, 1887. His parents were Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Sr., a mason, i…

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Seydou Keïta As Well As The Genuis Of Photography

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b></b></span><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGL_T5nhVhEWr50zxgg8f_JDnuG_Y5Qt2JhJ0V_ELB6hQE66Ej4ISleoS5pB2plrqrZErPpXLudKj60SNJxZQ0tn4yX51ZdZOzkJTs7wNn8T_sdIN9UUVW2VTRxk7NiYYMHDOPokVxQyc/s1600/portrait-Keita-Seydou-50.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="215" ru="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGL_T5nhVhEWr50zxgg8f_JDnuG_Y5Qt2JhJ0V_ELB6hQE66Ej4ISleoS5pB2plrqrZErPpXLudKj60SNJxZQ0tn4yX51ZdZOzkJTs7wNn8T_sdIN9UUVW2VTRxk7NiYYMHDOPokVxQyc/s320/portrait-Keita-Seydou-50.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong>Photo of the belatedly photographer Seydou Keïta</strong></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> </div> <div style="text-align: left;"> Seydou Keïta was born inwards Bamako, Mali, Africa inwards 1921 (exact appointment unknown) together with died Nov 21, 2001 inwards Paris, France. Keïta was the eldest kid inwards a menage unit of measurement of 5 children. His father, Bâ Tièkòró, together with his uncle, Tièmòkò, were Malian slice of furniture makers. Upon a render from Senegal to Republic of Mali inwards 1935, his uncle Tièmòkò is reported to bring given Keïta a Kodak Brownie photographic boob tube camera with film. Mountaga Traoré together with French photographic furnish shop possessor Pierre Garnier were alongside his biggest supporter every bit he honed his photography skills. </div> <div style="white-space: nowrap;"> <br /></div> <div style="white-space: nowrap;"> </div> <div style="white-space: nowrap;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUslujVcaSIN18_9Fjq4dJaVWyqv21baoFpGcK8-CylJRCqsLJmGGOeAGlH9tYJ9-JeTvzGArw6a-EVvAH7QEKRla4O6Q3NI9pdHBUCYBysbuL2ArU-Hp8wOAi1qUork8IlzhnlQC7T9g/s1600/Seydou+Ke%C3%AFta.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUslujVcaSIN18_9Fjq4dJaVWyqv21baoFpGcK8-CylJRCqsLJmGGOeAGlH9tYJ9-JeTvzGArw6a-EVvAH7QEKRla4O6Q3NI9pdHBUCYBysbuL2ArU-Hp8wOAi1qUork8IlzhnlQC7T9g/s1600/Seydou+Ke%C3%AFta.jpg" width="252" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="a-size-large" id="productTitle">Seydou Keita: Photographs, Bamako, Republic of Mali 1949-1970 (Book available at this <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/3869303018/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=3869303018&linkCode=as2&tag=crosswriting-20&linkId=HYZBMUYWXSZNZQNZ">Amazon.com</a> link)</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="white-space: nowrap;"> <b>Seydou Keïta Photography Studio inwards Bamako, Mali</b></div> <div style="white-space: nowrap;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify; white-space: nowrap;"> In 1948, Keïta develop his outset studio inwards the menage unit of measurement trouble solid inwards Bamako-Koura, behind the principal prison. </div> <div style="text-align: justify; white-space: nowrap;"> This self-taught lensman captured the pump of Malian lodge through his exquisite photo-<br /> graphic tape of the people betwixt 1940 together with the 1960. </div> <div style="text-align: justify; white-space: nowrap;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify; white-space: nowrap;"> "Seydou Keita was the house to larn if y'all wanted to bring a beautiful picture of yourself. That was the </div> <div style="text-align: justify; white-space: nowrap;"> studio to larn for the local bourgeoisie together with fifty-fifty for the middle course of pedagogy who wanted to grow inwards the social </div> <div style="text-align: justify; white-space: nowrap;"> level," states gallery curator N'Gone Fall inwards a BBC report. Keïta's move was nationally reknown <br /> alongside the Malians together with after became basis reknown every bit the prolific photographer's<br /> photographs began to move collected inwards Europe together with the USA past times museums together with galleries.</div> </div>

Seydou Keïta As Well As The Genuis Of Photography

Photo of the belatedly photographer Seydou Keïta Seydou Keïta was born inwards Bamako, Mali, Africa inwards 1921 (exact appointment unknown) together with died Nov 21, 2001 inwards Paris, Fr…

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Johannes Leo Africanus' Contributions To The History Of Timbuktu

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> </div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilZrXB8v7vMQbWE30H_dgR03FsYYiwYComuqR2vGYqHkzG-OV1LlWZt9ah4CSa5pDws65BSRO9BXosWlJcFBAmM9IbLn_0RpjtCQqVMqOEJBxfTsvWquN65hoJkCIEeOft9tPwcwfY1yU/s1600/Title+page+of+Johannes+Leo+Africanus%3B+John+Pory+(trans.+%26+comp.)+(1600).+A+Geographical+Historie+of+Africa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilZrXB8v7vMQbWE30H_dgR03FsYYiwYComuqR2vGYqHkzG-OV1LlWZt9ah4CSa5pDws65BSRO9BXosWlJcFBAmM9IbLn_0RpjtCQqVMqOEJBxfTsvWquN65hoJkCIEeOft9tPwcwfY1yU/s400/Title+page+of+Johannes+Leo+Africanus%3B+John+Pory+(trans.+%26+comp.)+(1600).+A+Geographical+Historie+of+Africa.jpg" width="247" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong>Title page of <em>A Geographical Historie of Africa</em> by</strong></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong>Johannes Leo Africanus (1600)</strong></div> <br /> Johannes Leo Africanus (c. 1494 - 1554) was a Moorish diplomat, traveler, historian, as well as author best known for his mass <em>Description of Africa</em> (Descrittione dell’Africa) which described North African geography, including the famed metropolis of Timbuktu (Timbuctoo) inwards Mali, West Africa.<br /> <br /> In almost 1494, Leo Africanus was born inwards Granada, a city at the human foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains inwards Spain. This was a major city on the Castilian (Iberian) peninsula. It had been conquered yesteryear the Moors of Africa for nearly 800 years. After Leo Africanus' birth, his identify unit of measurement moved from Kingdom of Spain to Fez, Kingdom of Morocco inwards North Africa. In Morocco, he studied at the University of Al Karaouines as well as started the intellectual journeying that would Pb him on diplomatic missions across Africa as well as Europe. This included the Maghreb (Also <em>Maghrib</em>, Berber: <em>Tamazgha</em>, Arabic: بلدان المغرب ,) as well as the Timbuktu percentage (c. 1510), as well as hence business office of the Songhai (Songhay) Empire. <br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaBBT6CsuCv4zWWjVk_wNR76O6TElhgZZb_DYvno7BhHK-CHAaEzLe1LL537LBdwB4ocILx6cG0TDRS_VTqY5ZURvfAV35KOgFuXpiUwcmkc2OBY_dQX39-1LNXd3V-q3JWD1xHNQKlyQ/s1600/leo+africanus+timbuktu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaBBT6CsuCv4zWWjVk_wNR76O6TElhgZZb_DYvno7BhHK-CHAaEzLe1LL537LBdwB4ocILx6cG0TDRS_VTqY5ZURvfAV35KOgFuXpiUwcmkc2OBY_dQX39-1LNXd3V-q3JWD1xHNQKlyQ/s320/leo+africanus+timbuktu.jpg" /></a></div> <br /> Fifteen kilometers northward of the Niger River, Timbuktu is a historic metropolis whose rattling advert conjures a feel of mystery. Known equally the City of Wisdom, the legacy of the muslim virile mortal monarch Mansa Musa as well as the recorded history of the Songhai as well as Republic of Mali Empires are business office of Timbuktu's rich historical heritage. <br /> <br /> <b>The Kingdom of Mali</b><br /> <br /> By the 11th Century, Mali's rulers had been converted to Islam in the West African percentage of Timbuktu, a metropolis inwards the Tombouctou Region of Mali. Three centuries later, commentators banker's complaint from Arab travelers that the religion of Islam practiced in this percentage of Africa is somewhat Africanized from that proficient yesteryear their Arabian brethren. Mansa Musa was known inwards his time as the richest virile mortal monarch inwards Africa because of the wealth he acquired in his Empire's wide network of commercial trade. <br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgswTgu3Z1CJdhfTrA-uQnVXtfa-Oz99gnD6bvmiCLscuRH-PMVHSF05NKmJNvAUEGbRbqCgyuGU_kXoDaf5Nz3pAOLamFxyT29gDHSC_vdu7OKjb0P6cRcra7jgiZpCTl35uU7sxAHKxM/s1600/Untitled+woodcut+map+of+Africa+from+Leo+Africanus,+Historiale+description+de+l%27Afrique,+tierce+partie+dv+monde.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgswTgu3Z1CJdhfTrA-uQnVXtfa-Oz99gnD6bvmiCLscuRH-PMVHSF05NKmJNvAUEGbRbqCgyuGU_kXoDaf5Nz3pAOLamFxyT29gDHSC_vdu7OKjb0P6cRcra7jgiZpCTl35uU7sxAHKxM/s400/Untitled+woodcut+map+of+Africa+from+Leo+Africanus,+Historiale+description+de+l%27Afrique,+tierce+partie+dv+monde.jpg" width="255" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong>Untitled woodcut map of Africa from Leo Africanus, </strong></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <em><strong>Historiale description de l'Afrique, tierce partie dv monde</strong></em></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj79vmWMEFV3uZa3Uvs-HZhnb_i4fRL708Kn9MyGV02dnculq6PElMujTGr-NLjJU3qu2076IlkoDZGfbQJP62i1maMDgBBPZc6Htxu7aBou3v9o0oxa3AwechIsnOAjN4srgJlKtVaLWw/s1600/Mansa+Musa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj79vmWMEFV3uZa3Uvs-HZhnb_i4fRL708Kn9MyGV02dnculq6PElMujTGr-NLjJU3qu2076IlkoDZGfbQJP62i1maMDgBBPZc6Htxu7aBou3v9o0oxa3AwechIsnOAjN4srgJlKtVaLWw/s320/Mansa+Musa.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong>Section of an illustrated map that includes depiction of </strong></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong>Mansa Musa asset a golden nugget, </strong><strong>(cir. 1375 Catalan Atlas)</strong></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> The earliest amount trouble concern human relationship of Timbuktu came from Africanus inwards the 16th Century. He described the city's splendent courtroom life, its scholars, noted equally "bountifully maintained at the king's cost." Timbuktu had a reputation for its learned universities, pomp majestic palace ceremonies, architectural glories, as well as busy markets that included international traders. <br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU1Qma4jmbg3AVjRwq-ieN6X0ILmHGL8qysBW5VeZkQ816kpFpJoFRKlPQZbeY4qnAjgV1CM-vqQfe_XSiUbBwzU8T0R4_qNm6W57EkJY-HPsfnGBdb3PwwBfrbSE3UaOsa8aQfUM03RI/s1600/Timbuktu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" hw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU1Qma4jmbg3AVjRwq-ieN6X0ILmHGL8qysBW5VeZkQ816kpFpJoFRKlPQZbeY4qnAjgV1CM-vqQfe_XSiUbBwzU8T0R4_qNm6W57EkJY-HPsfnGBdb3PwwBfrbSE3UaOsa8aQfUM03RI/s320/Timbuktu.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> Once a fundamental middle of Islamic educational activity inwards Africa, Timbuktu’s architectural glories, including many mosques, have been reclaimed inwards business office yesteryear the desert. By 1828, French adventurer René Caillié's pilgrimage to Timbuktu flora the metropolis ravished yesteryear the raids of neighboring tribes. Populated yesteryear the Fulani, Mande, Songhai, as well as Tuareg, the people as well as the historical romance of scholarship as well as merchandise within Timbuktu remains.<br /> <br /> <div align="center"> <object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/iYMkTxNQGGU&hl=en_US&fs=1?color1=0x5d1719&color2=0xcd311b"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/iYMkTxNQGGU&hl=en_US&fs=1?color1=0x5d1719&color2=0xcd311b" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object></div> <div align="center"> <strong>Video of lost libraries of Timbuktu - City of Scholars (BBC)</strong><br /> <br /></div> </div>

Johannes Leo Africanus' Contributions To The History Of Timbuktu

Title page of A Geographical Historie of Africa by Johannes Leo Africanus (1600) Johannes Leo Africanus (c. 1494 - 1554) was a Moorish diplomat, traveler, historian, as well as author best …

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February's Dark History Calendar Month Inwards The United States

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p$1><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p$1><p$1><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p$1><p$1><p$1><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><div class="separator" dir="ltr" style="clear: both; text-align: center;" trbidi="on"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigb3ELXqtjUKPfrqLGQTIdOWxhfYuazPWgvX_bm7mZ29Ejn9K8HXXwR3GEC7ufYvfTIUIw6BhWmvHHd-N1cV5kHwE4zEQ4GpEuzX1VVmJf5pZopqrcNyUiZZGA70ebTyX_CWcbCA2NYcc/s1600/Photo+of+Jack+Johnson+Black+History+Heroes+Tshirt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" s5="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigb3ELXqtjUKPfrqLGQTIdOWxhfYuazPWgvX_bm7mZ29Ejn9K8HXXwR3GEC7ufYvfTIUIw6BhWmvHHd-N1cV5kHwE4zEQ4GpEuzX1VVmJf5pZopqrcNyUiZZGA70ebTyX_CWcbCA2NYcc/s1600/Photo+of+Jack+Johnson+Black+History+Heroes+Tshirt.jpg" /></a></div><p$1><div class="separator" dir="ltr" style="clear: both; text-align: center;" trbidi="on"><strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo: Jack Johnson T-Shirt Design</span></strong><p$1></p$1></div><p$1><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1><br /> </p$1></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1>As Black History Month inward the States gets underway, aspect to a greater extent than frequent posts during the calendar month of February. We will highlight the life in addition to times of roughly of our favorite world heroes similar Toussaint L'Ouverture, Marie Da Silva, Julius Kmbarage Nyerere in addition to Sojourner Truth. </p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1>Become a subscribers to the BHH blog and have costless notices of novel weblog posts during February. For teachers, role theses blogs for ideas to help you develop engaging Black history schoolhouse projects in addition to programs.</p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></div></p$1><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p$1><p$1></p$1></p$1> </div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p$1><p$1><p$1></p$1></p$1> </p$1></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p$1><p$1></p$1></p$1></div></p$1><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1>The weblog recently underwent roughly major blueprint changes to increase its readibility and navigational ease. Hope that yous detect the changes refreshing. Also, nosotros accept partnered alongside Zazzle.com to choose yous character t-shirt designs. Check out the origin BHH t-shirt blueprint which features Jack Johnson. T-shirt designs are available inward both men in addition to women styles. Order ane today! </p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1> </p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><p$1><em>Happy Black History Month 2011!</em> </p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1><p$1></p$1></p$1></div></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></div></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></div></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></div></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></div></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></div></p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></div></p$1></p$1></p$1></div></p$1><p$1><p$1> </p$1><p$1></p$1><p$1></p$1><p$1></p$1></p$1></p$1></div><p$1></p$1></p$1></div>

February's Dark History Calendar Month Inwards The United States

Photo: Jack Johnson T-Shirt Design As Black History Month inward the States gets underway, aspect to a greater extent than frequent posts during the calendar month of February. We will highlight the …

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Cairo Museum's Ancient Egyptian Artifacts Victim Of Egypt's The World Of Volume Protest

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /> </div><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="youtube-player" frameborder="0" height="345" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/d8nH3JuBd4s" title="Cairo Museum's Ancient Egyptian Artifacts Victim of Egypt's State of Mass Protest" type="text/html" width="460"></iframe></div><br /> The <i>Wall Street Journal</i> reported today that when Zahi Hawass, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities inwards Egypt, came to function at the Egyptian Museum on Saturday, Jan 29, 2011, he discovered that looters had "broken inwards as well as beheaded 2 mummies—possibly Tutankhamun's grandparents—and looted the ticket booth."<br /> <br /> The Egyptian tourism police, armed forces as well as citizens shortly secured the museum later the discovery. It is reported that other antiquity museums, archaeological sites as well as storehouses convey likewise seen looted. These disturbing developments house the rich history of roughly of Africa's oldest remaining antiquities at the crossfire of unrest of the modern-day put down of Egypt.<br /> <br /> <br /> </div>

Cairo Museum's Ancient Egyptian Artifacts Victim Of Egypt's The World Of Volume Protest

The Wall Street Journal reported today that when Zahi Hawass, Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities inwards Egypt, came to function at the Egyptian Museum on Saturday, Jan 29, 2011…

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Patrice Émery Lumumba: Get-Go Prime Number Government Minister Of The Congo

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_inb4FHimPoXhKLb9kE8WLFmusgzfRsxOVWUmm3meiF2Uo7OyxUXYiQR7dE7-pkH_Zz8m2FHzVXNj5Y0nub64fi_OtcXwiQsKmMRW0p0IDKuzVWqnhL2E_bf0bb-32sCJesoJVFijY6E/s1600/Photo+of+Patrice+Lumumba2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" s5="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_inb4FHimPoXhKLb9kE8WLFmusgzfRsxOVWUmm3meiF2Uo7OyxUXYiQR7dE7-pkH_Zz8m2FHzVXNj5Y0nub64fi_OtcXwiQsKmMRW0p0IDKuzVWqnhL2E_bf0bb-32sCJesoJVFijY6E/s1600/Photo+of+Patrice+Lumumba2.jpg" width="269" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b>Photo of Patrice Émery Lumumba </b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b>(July 2, 1925– Jan 17, 1961)</b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> Patrice Émery Lumumba (aka Patrice Hemery Lumumba) was born July 2, 1925 inward Onalua, Katakokombe, Kasai Province inward what is at i time the Democratic Republic of the Congo. One of 4 sons, Lumumba was a fellow member of the Tetela tribal group. His teaching included missionary schoolhouse training. After completing his education, he passed the postal clerk examination too began to go inward Kinshasa (then Léopoldville). In 1951, Lumumba married Pauline Opangu too they would become on to bring 5 children: François, Patrice Junior, Julienne, Roland too Guy-Patrice Lumumba.</div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvoWQqBmpHv6Xmo_tskn6O5YV0B1rfJLsI_LIcG1Ak16_UQt92bc0d-rVH2lorVpBxggoRjDrlfVI3bSQjet5J5oy7xdgIhfZdnx5otR10gBxzGxFyrcXNiyZ8N1bIozUl9DKPbxiOLec/s1600/Image+of+Patrice+Lumumba2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" s5="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvoWQqBmpHv6Xmo_tskn6O5YV0B1rfJLsI_LIcG1Ak16_UQt92bc0d-rVH2lorVpBxggoRjDrlfVI3bSQjet5J5oy7xdgIhfZdnx5otR10gBxzGxFyrcXNiyZ8N1bIozUl9DKPbxiOLec/s1600/Image+of+Patrice+Lumumba2.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo of a youthful Patrice Lumumba inward the Belgian-Congo</span></b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> By 1955, Lumumba began to acquire into political life. He became a regional leader for the Cercles of Stanleyville too joined the Liberal Party of Kingdom of Belgium where he served every bit editor too distributor of information. While traveling inward Kingdom of Belgium that same year, Lumumba was arrested past times the colonial authorities constabulary too charged amongst embezzling postal service role funds. In July 1956, Lumumba was released after serving 12 months of a two-year sentence. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> By 1958, Lumumba had re-entered political life too began to organize for Mouvement National Congolais (MNC). In Dec 1958, he represented the MNC every bit president at the All-African Peoples' Conference held inward Accra, Ghana, hosted past times Ghanaian President <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=kwame-nkrumah">Kwame Nkrumah</a>.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> <b>Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba too the Congo-Brazzaville </b><br /> <b><br /></b></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b></b></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3mbGUnGFD_zuSHpHfAWtYQbkQ28PDYdaog6EAN1pMYfPWm4oafBePSQvPa1IHVUiEHfaq0JXYVrCJC_2C5XUPU2awSpzUMrOJDUy0kYfbAuljfivBhrrhLN9UcUVadkdiyP1KfX14M8E/s1600/Patrice+Lumumba+was+captured+by+the+army+chief+Mobutu+and+handed+over+to+Tshombe+in+Katanga+Province.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="294" s5="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3mbGUnGFD_zuSHpHfAWtYQbkQ28PDYdaog6EAN1pMYfPWm4oafBePSQvPa1IHVUiEHfaq0JXYVrCJC_2C5XUPU2awSpzUMrOJDUy0kYfbAuljfivBhrrhLN9UcUVadkdiyP1KfX14M8E/s320/Patrice+Lumumba+was+captured+by+the+army+chief+Mobutu+and+handed+over+to+Tshombe+in+Katanga+Province.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> By Oct 1959, Lumumba was i time to a greater extent than arrested past times the Belgian colonial authorities on charges of inciting anti-colonial riots inward Stanleyville. He was sentenced to 6 months inward prison theater for his anti-colonial activism. While Lumumba was inward prison, the MNC participated every bit a political political party inward the Belgian-Congo elections held inward Dec of 1959. Lumumba was released earlier the MNC won the May 1960 election. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> Lumumba, historic menses 34 years old, was announced every bit the Belgian Congo's starting fourth dimension prime number minister. Joseph Kasa-Vubu was named president. On June 30, 1960, the country’s novel leadership declared independence from the Belgian colonial rule. In an Independence Day ceremony for the newly named Republic of the Congo, King Baudouin spoke first, urging the Congolese to rest nether the leadership of Belgium. Lumumba responded, inward part, inward his vocalism communication every bit follows:</div> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <i>"For this independence of the Congo, fifty-fifty every bit it is celebrated today amongst Belgium, a friendly dry soil amongst whom nosotros bargain every bit equal to equal, no Congolese worthy of the parent volition e'er last able to forget that it was past times fighting that it has been won, a day-to-day fight, an ardent too idealistic fight, a struggle inward which nosotros were spared neither privation nor suffering, too for which nosotros gave our strength too our blood. We are proud of this struggle, of tears, of fire, too of blood, to the depths of our being, for it was a noble too simply struggle, too indispensable to seat an destination to the humiliating slavery which was imposed upon us past times force." </i></div> </blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b>Unrest inward the New Republic</b></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlILTX05UZPUKJeP8rUWdnYp6OVLOtixtb5n2Jr6LhjOsbmzUgk0F7iqK8fEnNb3vlJTCdjYKQS_GCuuqhk-YcAPOy83DvOWIUbOiT-7EGp3617zUZyr730j5HhEvolRjqd-m5Yqm9bxg/s1600/Image+of+Patrice+Lumumba.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" s5="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlILTX05UZPUKJeP8rUWdnYp6OVLOtixtb5n2Jr6LhjOsbmzUgk0F7iqK8fEnNb3vlJTCdjYKQS_GCuuqhk-YcAPOy83DvOWIUbOiT-7EGp3617zUZyr730j5HhEvolRjqd-m5Yqm9bxg/s1600/Image+of+Patrice+Lumumba.jpg" width="332" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo of Patrice Lumumba</span></b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Lumumba's vocalism communication became a media sensation inward the West. Dissent inside the Blue Planet forces arose shortly after reports arose nigh military machine unrest, looting too European flight. By July 11, 1960, Moïse Tshombe declared himself the regional premier of the Katanga province. Tshombe was supported past times the Belgian authorities too European mining firms amongst involvement inward rubber, copper too other minerals. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> United Nations troops arrived, but did non movement to suppress the Katanga rebellion. Lumumba shortly sought Soviet military machine aid. President Kasa-Vubu, however, wanted a to a greater extent than moderate political approach too sought to withdraw Lumumba every bit prime number minister. Lumumba declared the presidential deed illegal too sought senate too parliament activity to declare President Kasa-Vubu‘s removal. The dry soil was torn over the Kasa-Vubu too Lumumba political divide. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;">   </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b>Joseph Mobutu’s Rise to Power too the Murder of Lumumba</b></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivYKtaJNtRVt9AFWgnO8c2OMwe2K7LD4uDvVM9_aq-PzzcTJF2X1NiPGSv1Ngql66dy_UcDM8EqsYlT6MlYZantsjyykR-9fLQs0ZrMvr6Hj9B6F1vUYBsL2cdwezK4wqLYbLYtKl3WnA/s1600/Photo+of+Young+Joseph+D%25C3%25A9sir%25C3%25A9+Mobutu+Sese+Seko.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" s5="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivYKtaJNtRVt9AFWgnO8c2OMwe2K7LD4uDvVM9_aq-PzzcTJF2X1NiPGSv1Ngql66dy_UcDM8EqsYlT6MlYZantsjyykR-9fLQs0ZrMvr6Hj9B6F1vUYBsL2cdwezK4wqLYbLYtKl3WnA/s1600/Photo+of+Young+Joseph+D%25C3%25A9sir%25C3%25A9+Mobutu+Sese+Seko.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 immature Joseph Désiré Mobutu rolls upwardly his sleeves </span></b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: x-small;">during a vocalism communication inward Dec 1965 inward Leopoldville, Congo</span></b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> On September 14, 1960, Lieutenant General Joseph Désiré Mobutu (later known every bit Mobutu Sese Seko) organized a coup inward the divided nation. Lumumba was placed nether menage arrest, but he shortly stole away to Stanleyville, organizing amidst his Haut-Congo supporters. On Dec 1, 1960, Lumumba was captured inward Port Francqui past times Mobutu’s troops too flown to Kinshasa (then Leopoldville). </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> <a name='more'></a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The Soviet Union demanded Lumumba's liberate too called upon the U.N. Security Council to act. U.N. Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld called for due procedure of law; on Dec 14, 1960, however, inward an 8-2 vote, the Soviet Union's resolution was defeated. Lumumba was transferred to the Katanga Province nether Mobutu‘s leadership.<br /> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> On Jan 17, 1961, Lumumba was restrained too flown to Lubumbashi (then Elizabethville). That same day, Patrice Lumumba, Maurice Mpolo too Joseph Okito were reportedly lined earlier a firing squad, according to Belgian reports. No due procedure was afforded those executed. While diverse accounts are reported, the truthful nature too facilitators of his murder bring never been definitively explained too brought to justice. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 <a href="http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141523/stephen-r-weissman/what-really-happened-in-congo" target="_blank">Foreign Affairs report</a> indicates the coup was financed past times the U.S. government's CIA agency, whose extensive covert efforts influenced the political affairs of the region.<br /> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKM9yYzVyNZWFKTEkjW-EZFQM3252ORvpuKA6QOqg26tD11DWaAOxVLoKtcgJJDgfbyEc6dN6EY3eF6IjZ-0HGcDMCu_B_Pnr9R1-EWkrhZBP6qo2P-9GVLuHUIbQcJFFvCNwbX1GSmr4/s1600/Photo+of+Mbuto+Sese+Seku+with+US+President+Nixon.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="206" s5="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKM9yYzVyNZWFKTEkjW-EZFQM3252ORvpuKA6QOqg26tD11DWaAOxVLoKtcgJJDgfbyEc6dN6EY3eF6IjZ-0HGcDMCu_B_Pnr9R1-EWkrhZBP6qo2P-9GVLuHUIbQcJFFvCNwbX1GSmr4/s320/Photo+of+Mbuto+Sese+Seku+with+US+President+Nixon.gif" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo of Congo leader Mobutu Sese Seko conversing amongst U.S. President Richard Nixon</span></b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In February 2002, the Belgian authorities released an official apology to the Congolese people. In a m page report, the authorities admitted to failure of a "moral responsibility" too "an irrefutable percentage of responsibleness inward the events that led to the croak of Lumumba." </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> <b>Lumumba’s Murder Leads to International Protests inward Europe </b></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> After Patrice Lumumba's assassination, protestors clashed amongst Belgian embassies too local constabulary inward Belgrade, Yugoslavia too at Trafalgar Square inward London, UK. Prior to Lumumba's imprisonment, he had arranged for his wife, Pauline, too their children to movement to Egypt.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> “We must movement forward, hitting out tirelessly against imperialism," said Che Guevara inward 1964, reflecting on the life of Lumumba. "From all over the globe nosotros bring to larn lessons which events afford. Lumumba’s murder should last a lesson for all of us.” </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> That same year, <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=kwame-nkrumah">Malcolm X</a> declared Patrice Lumumba "the greatest Black homo who e'er walked the African continent."</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b>African Freedom Fighter too Pan Africanist </b></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> The heroism of Patrice Lumumba is embraced every bit a symbol of African independence efforts. In the 2006 election, a divulge of the running parties affiliated themselves amongst Lumumba's political philosophy. This includes the Unified Lumumbist Party (Parti Lumumbiste Unifié (PALU)), Mouvement Lumumbiste (MLP) too Mouvement National Congolais-Lumumba (MNC-L). The MNC-L is Pb past times Lumumba's eldest son, François Lumumba, who obtained a doctorate inward political economic science inward Republic of Hungary earlier returning to the Congo-Kinshasa inward 1992 to oppose Mobutu Sese Seko‘s dominion of the country, too therefore known every bit Zaire.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> In Kampala, Uganda, "Lumumba Hall" of Residence at Makerere University continues to comport the parent of Patrice Lumumba. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFVISiwQrZTOPnm7o2DjY4FCs7-LnacqOmoV4WHLhYA3tk-QyOiCAVbQIRMLUsJOROKXCCDewd_Ajcj2Sqkt6W_0rruS65jk5m7mHjITcssIwukO50Z6TOeyH9a5LPojfxOUDQkg-H-lY/s1600/Photo+Map+of+the+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" s5="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFVISiwQrZTOPnm7o2DjY4FCs7-LnacqOmoV4WHLhYA3tk-QyOiCAVbQIRMLUsJOROKXCCDewd_Ajcj2Sqkt6W_0rruS65jk5m7mHjITcssIwukO50Z6TOeyH9a5LPojfxOUDQkg-H-lY/s320/Photo+Map+of+the+Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b><i>Did You Know? The diverse formal official dry soil names </i></b></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b><i>for the Democratic Republic of the Congo</i></b></div> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> <b>Congo Free State</b> (État indépendant du Congo): 1885 to 1908. Belgian King Leopold II claimed personal ownership over the land</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> <b>Belgian Congo</b> (Congo Belge): 1908 - 1960. King Leopold II's formal transfer of holding ownership to the province of Belgium</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> <b>Republic of the Congo or Congo-Léopoldville</b>: 1960 - 1964. Distinguish from its western vecino inward the Republic of the Congo, formerly French Congo</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> <b>Republic of the Congo or Congo-Kinshasa</b> (1964-1971)</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> <b>Zaire</b> (Zaïre): 1971-1997</div> </li> <li><div style="text-align: justify;"> <b>Democratic Republic of the Congo</b>: 1997 to Present</div> </li> </ul> </div>

Patrice Émery Lumumba: Get-Go Prime Number Government Minister Of The Congo

Photo of Patrice Émery Lumumba (July 2, 1925– Jan 17, 1961) Patrice Émery Lumumba (aka Patrice Hemery Lumumba) was born July 2, 1925 inward Onalua, Katakokombe, Kasai Province inward what is …

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George Washington Carver Present Opens At Pinkish Palace Museum March 12, 2011

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqEwwNl4WiVRlk20Wo64HIk4f5ev5HNtXq88kufGGdcZWVuzbWnqcdEf93Zn8Gdl4Kp8KRH9iWaZxDEBB6yFRqP8-Zj2HvZSMU-s0zOHD0bq8cF7Uh1yTRFXVNwHEbiQoUrNltE0HFUSs/s1600/Photo+of+George+Washington+Carver+Pink+Palace+Exhibit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" h5="true" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqEwwNl4WiVRlk20Wo64HIk4f5ev5HNtXq88kufGGdcZWVuzbWnqcdEf93Zn8Gdl4Kp8KRH9iWaZxDEBB6yFRqP8-Zj2HvZSMU-s0zOHD0bq8cF7Uh1yTRFXVNwHEbiQoUrNltE0HFUSs/s320/Photo+of+George+Washington+Carver+Pink+Palace+Exhibit.jpg" width="256" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><strong>Museum Volunteers Wanted for the Upcoming </strong></div><div style="text-align: center;"><strong>George Washington Carver Exhibit inwards Memphis</strong></div><br /> <div style="text-align: justify;">Volunteers who participate inwards the “George Washington Carver” Exhibit that volition run March 12, 2011 - July 4, 2011 at the Pink Palace Museum inwards Memphis, Tennessee can portion data on the life in addition to move of an extraordinary man. Born into slavery, George Washington Carver used his gifts to boot the bucket a groundbreaking scientist, educator in addition to humanitarian. Volunteers volition beak to students in addition to visitors close crop rotation, organic farming, plant-based fuels, medicines in addition to everyday products. They volition broaden their ain noesis in addition to endure a business office of making history, scientific discipline in addition to nature come upwards endure for our visitors in addition to the broad diversity of students that come upwards to the Museum. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Those wanting to brand a deviation supporting educational opportunities amongst children in addition to families inwards the Mid-South are exclusively required to volunteer 2 three ½ hr shifts each calendar month during the <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=george-washington-carver-scientist-and">George Washington Carver</a> present run, March 12 - July 4, 2011. We offering weekday or weekend volunteer opportunities. Volunteers tin develop on either Thursday, March ten or Saturday, March 12 from 9 a.m. – 12 noon. To sign upwards every bit a volunteer, delight electronic mail diane.mckinna@memphistn.gov or telephone phone 320-6438 past times March 1, 2011. To obtain a volunteer application or larn farther data boot the bucket to our website: <a href="http://www.memphismuseums.org/">http://www.memphismuseums.org/</a>.</div></div>

George Washington Carver Present Opens At Pinkish Palace Museum March 12, 2011

Museum Volunteers Wanted for the Upcoming George Washington Carver Exhibit inwards Memphis Volunteers who participate inwards the “George Washington Carver” Exhibit that volition run March 12, 2011 - …

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A Brief Timeline Of The Ancient History Of Africa To The Scramble For Africa

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpFwAKUDJ-G3clKdjS-N6SuWipuk6wcPjrpzoRTqW_7Xd0Z4LGHsTTRsnQgz0sPkSTDWcqO2GWnBuew3ti4WSVA8mwJxIvOq4dggUOBZi_SwLkPstr_HwWDGxzHmcy9UcFeA0QJoJB60g/s1600/Map-of-Africa-1812.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="323" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpFwAKUDJ-G3clKdjS-N6SuWipuk6wcPjrpzoRTqW_7Xd0Z4LGHsTTRsnQgz0sPkSTDWcqO2GWnBuew3ti4WSVA8mwJxIvOq4dggUOBZi_SwLkPstr_HwWDGxzHmcy9UcFeA0QJoJB60g/s400/Map-of-Africa-1812.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map of Africa, c. 1812.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align: left;"> </div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 431px;"> <colgroup><col width="69"></col> <col width="362"></col> </colgroup><tbody> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="362"><div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>A BRIEF TIMELINE </b></span></span> </span></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>OF THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF AFRICA </b></span></span> </span></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><span style="color: white; font-size: small;"><b>TO THE “SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA”</b></span></span></div> <div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 3150 B.C.</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Ancient tradition states that the start pharaoh (king) of <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=queen-tiye" target="_blank"><b>Kemet</b></a> (kmt, translation: “black land”, nka Ancient Egypt) was Pharaoh Menes, honored amongst having unified Upper together with Lower Kemet into a unmarried kingdom. The pharaoh of Dynasty I would laid about a serial of dynasties that ruled Kemet for the side yesteryear side iii millennium. In Pliny's account, Menes was credited amongst existence the inventor of writing inwards Kemet.</span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">The New Kingdom of Kemet (c. 1550-1070 B.C.) began amongst the Eighteenth Dynasty, mark the ascension of Arab Republic of Egypt every bit an international ability that expanded during its greatest extension to an empire into the southern, northern together with western regions of continental Africa together with every bit far due east every bit the percentage straightaway called India. Notable Pharaohs of this era include Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Akhenaten together with his married adult woman Nefertiti, Tutankhamun together with Ramesses II. The final native ruled dynasty is said to conduct maintain been the Thirtieth Dynasty, afterwards which the kingdom savage into the hands of Farsi rulers c. 343 B.C., defeating Pharaoh Nectanebo II. Later the Ottomans, of Arab descent, came to govern this business office of the Nile Valley.</span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 1200 B.C.</span></span></div> </td><td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Kingdom of Kush was an ancient African dynasty situated on the confluences of the Blue Nile, White Nile together with River Atbara inwards what is straightaway the Republic of Sudan. Established afterwards the Bronze Age collapse (c. 1206 to 1150), it was centered at Napata inwards its early on phase. After manful somebody monarch Kashta ("the Kushite") invaded Arab Republic of Egypt inwards the eighth century BC, the Kushite kings ruled every bit Pharaohs of the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Arab Republic of Egypt for a century, until they were expelled yesteryear Psamtik I inwards 656 BC. In early on Greek geography, the Meroitic kingdom, amongst its violet working capital missive of the alphabet at Meroe, was known every bit Ethiopia. The Kushite kingdom amongst its working capital missive of the alphabet at Meroe persisted until the quaternary century C.E., when it weakened together with disintegrated due to internal rebellion. The Kushite working capital missive of the alphabet was eventually captured together with destroyed yesteryear the kingdom of Axum. </span></span> </div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span> <br /> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 100 C.E.</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8rsTsriY_0wP-5pAD9zJWn5jOV1ehEznq1sS1qbZUTvA3uGfn43BeqWt-2woAQ4bdHqKvbojiIjJVWgOeINGfIlHG0W9_5GMCtsPQOEzwdpUxLxaLWCkmdM6je8JLxUaf97bLOh9H4ok/s1600/kingdom+of+kush.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8rsTsriY_0wP-5pAD9zJWn5jOV1ehEznq1sS1qbZUTvA3uGfn43BeqWt-2woAQ4bdHqKvbojiIjJVWgOeINGfIlHG0W9_5GMCtsPQOEzwdpUxLxaLWCkmdM6je8JLxUaf97bLOh9H4ok/s200/kingdom+of+kush.jpg" width="200" /></a></div> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><span style="color: white;">Kingdom of Aksum (aka every bit the Axum, Aksumite Kingdom, Abyssinia together with Ethiopia), encompassed the national regions straightaway known every bit Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia together with Eritrea. Its govern included govern over the declining Kingdom of Kush together with over the Kingdom of Himyarite inwards the percentage straightaway known every bit Yemen, which together with therefore included Saba (<a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=queen-tiye" target="_blank"><b>Sheba</b></a>) from c. 25 B.C., Qataban from c. 200 C.E., together with Hadramaut from c. 300 C.E. The kingdom existed from some 100 C.E. to 940 C.E. Great traders, the Aksumites minted their ain currency together with was named yesteryear Mani (216–276 C.E.) every bit ane of the 4 smashing powers of his fourth dimension along amongst Persia, Rome, together with China. Aksum became the start major empire to convert to Christianity.</span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 400 C.E.</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">The mention Nubia is derived from the Noba people, nomads who settled inwards the Nile valley percentage inwards the quaternary century, afterwards the collapse of the Kingdom of Kush. In the ancient commentary, however, Nubia, Kush together with Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Greek: Aithiopia) are oftentimes used to depict the same people. For example, spell Kemet conquered Nubian lands during diverse times inwards history, the Nubians are too noted every bit having conquered Kemet nether its 25th Dynasty. </span></span> </div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">The ancient Nubian linguistic communication inwards written cast uses a modified Coptic script that was to a greater extent than often than non used inwards religious texts dating from the eighth together with 15th centuries C.E.. It is straightaway preserved inwards at to the lowest degree a hundred pages of ancient documents, including the famous <i>The Martyrdom of Saint Menas</i>. </span></span> </div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">There were a divulge of small-scale Nubian kingdoms throughout the Middle Ages, the final of which collapsed inwards 1504, when Nubia became divided betwixt The Arab Republic of Arab Republic of Egypt together with the Sennar sultanate resulting inwards the Arabization of much of the Nubian population. Nubia was over again brought nether Ottoman Arab Republic of Egypt inwards the 19th century, together with inside Anglo-Egyptian Sudan from 1899 to 1956. </span></span> </div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 400 C.E.</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Kingdom of Ghana, too called the Wagadou, founded inwards western percentage of Africa. The wealth of the kingdom includes commentaries of domesticated animals adorned amongst gilded collars together with included the domestication of camels earlier the Arabs. </span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">The onetime kingdom is non located inwards the same percentage every bit the electrical flow <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=queen-tiye" target="_blank"><b>Ghana nation</b></a>. It included the western percentage of the electrical flow patch of Republic of Mali together with the southeastern department of the electrical flow patch of Islamic Republic of Mauritania together with emcompassed Mande-speaking people. Gold, ivory, together with tabular array salt were traded to Europe together with the Middle East. Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī (Arabic: </span><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">عَبْدَالله مُحَمَّد بِن مُوسَى اَلْخْوَارِزْمِي‎</span><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">), the Farsi mathematician, astronomer together with geographer writing from Baghdad c. 800 C.E. documented the legend of the Republic of Ghana dynasties.</span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 600 C.E.</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">The Great Republic of Zimbabwe complex was built inwards rock inwards the Kingdom of Zimbabwe, mark the ascension of the Shona (Translation: dzimba dza mabwe or "great rock houses") culture together with evidencing the smashing Bantu expansion. The archaeological ruins known every bit "Great Zimbabwe" conduct maintain been radiocarbon dated to some 600 C.E. The Kingdom of Republic of Zimbabwe controlled the ivory together with gilded merchandise from the interior to the southeastern coast of Africa. Asian together with Standard Arabic goods could live on found inwards abundance inwards the kingdom. </span></span> </div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 1230 C.E.</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">The <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=queen-tiye" target="_blank"><b>Mali Empire</b></a> (aka Mandingo Empire or Manden Kurufaba) major tribal grouping was the Mandinka together with was founded yesteryear Sundiata Keita together with gained international fame from its ruler Mansa Musa I. The empire formed on the upper Niger River, together with reached the superlative of ability inwards the 14th century amongst the centre of its scholarship together with merchandise inwards the ancient cities of Djenné together with <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=queen-tiye" target="_blank"><b>Timbuktu</b></a>. </span></span> </div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Timbuktu-manuscripts-astronomy-mathematics.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img align="BOTTOM" border="1" height="150" name="graphics1" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Timbuktu-manuscripts-astronomy-mathematics.jpg/220px-Timbuktu-manuscripts-astronomy-mathematics.jpg" width="223" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">The pages higher upwardly are from Timbuktu Manuscripts written inwards Sudani script (a Semetic script) from the Republic of Mali Empire showing established noesis of astronomy together with mathematics. Today in that place are unopen to a 1000000 of these manuscripts found inwards Timbuktu alone.</span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: #0b0080;"><span style="color: #cccccc;"></span></span><br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 1402 C.E.</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Ethiopian diplomatic mission was established inwards Venice.</span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 1460 </span></span> </div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">The Songhai (aka Songhay) are idea to conduct maintain settled at Gao every bit early on every bit 800 C.E., but did non constitute it every bit the working capital missive of the alphabet until the 11th century, during the reign of Dia Kossoi. Sulaiman-Mar gained independence together with hegemony over Gao c. 1340, together with became the forbear of Sunni Ali, the start emperor of Songhai, reigning from c. 1464-1493. Sulaiman-Mar is often credited amongst wresting ability away from the Republic of Mali Empire at a fourth dimension of internal succession disputes. The Songhai Empire would eventually supplanted the Republic of Mali Empire. The Songhai Empire would collapse inwards 1591 inwards smashing business office due to what is described every bit the Moroccan invasion.</span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1497</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Vasco da Gama rounds the Cape of Good Hope</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1505-1821</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">The Funj empire inwards Sudan.</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1517</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Ottomans conduct maintain Cairo</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1626</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">First French settle inwards Senegal together with Madagascar</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1628-29</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">War betwixt Mozambique together with Portugal, amongst Mozambique becoming a Portuguese protectorate</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1820</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Egypt conquers Sudan. British settlers larn far inwards Cape Colony.</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1822</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Liberia is established yesteryear freed Africans from America.</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1824-31</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">First Anglo-Ashanti War.</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1830-47</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">French conquest of Algeria.</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1834-35</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">British defeat the Xhosa.</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1849</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Livingstone's start journeying inwards Africa</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1850-78</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Nine Xhosa wars inwards South Africa.</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1868</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">British annexes Lesotho</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1869</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Suez Canal opens</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1879</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Ango-Zulu War</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 1880</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;">“<span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Scramble for Africa” begins</span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <div style="text-align: left;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><i>Note: There were many smashing kingdoms together with empires that rose on the African continent, such every bit the smashing civilizations developed yesteryear the Moor together with the Berber, the </i></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><i><a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=queen-tiye" target="_blank"><b>Ndongo Kingdom inwards the fundamental W Africa</b></a></i></span></span><i style="background-color: transparent; color: white; font-family: Thorndale, serif; text-align: left;">; the absence on this time-line is a production of the require for brevity only.</i></div> </div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></span></span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> </div>

A Brief Timeline Of The Ancient History Of Africa To The Scramble For Africa

Map of Africa, c. 1812. A BRIEF TIMELINE OF THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF AFRICA TO THE “SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA” c. 3150 B.C. Ancient tradi…

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