Zumbi dos Palmares
(born: 1655 - died: 1694)
Zumbi dos Palmares was born costless inward the Palmares portion of Brazil inward the twelvemonth 1655, the terminal of the armed forces leaders of the Quilombo (Kimbundu word: "maroons, or refugee slave), an onetime South American republic, which included the introduce twenty-four hours Brazilian coastal nation of Alagoas, Brazil. Today, Zumbi is known every bit i of the corking historic leaders of Brazil.
Brazilian Coastal State of Alagoas
At around half dozen years old, Zumbi was captured from the Palmares portion yesteryear the Portuguese in addition to given every bit a slave to a Portuguese priest, António Melo. Baptized Francisco, Zumbi was taught Latin, the Portuguese religious belief in addition to language, in addition to assigned to serve the Catholic mass. In 1670, at fifteen years old, Zumbi escaped and returned to his birthplace where he presently became known every bit a Capoërae / Capoiera master copy inward the roda (wheel or circle) of Palmares' practioners of this African martial art. By his early on twenties, he became a respected armed forces strategist.
Quilombo dos Palmares Republic
Quilombo dos Palmares was a self-sustaining commonwealth of maroons located inward "a portion mayhap the size of Portugal inward the hinterland of Bahia" (Braudel 1984). The Bahia - Alagoas portion of Brazil is where this costless African village was located. At its elevation inward the early on 1600s, Palmares had a population of over 30,000. By 1630, it was described yesteryear the commentators every bit "the Promised Land" for escaped African slaves. King Ganga Zumba of Palmares offered emancipation for slaves entering its territories.
In 1644, the Dutch invaded the northeastern portion but, as the Portuguese had failed before, the European insurrections failed to penetrate Palmares.
Quilombos of Palmares
By 1654, the Portuguese expelled the Dutch from the region, many of whom relocated to Suriname. The Palmares armed forces were proficient inward the Capoeira self defense, oftentimes described as the fine art of escape. They were forced to defend against repeated attacks yesteryear Portuguese colonizers seeking costless task for growing saccharide plantations. Many of the escaping Africans from the Portuguese colony originated from the Angolan portion inward south-central Africa, in addition to thence under Portuguese colonization.
"Jogar Capoërae - Danse de la guerre (Playing Capoiera - Dance of war)"
was painted yesteryear High German painter Johann Moritz Rugendas inward 1835.
A 21st Century epitome of Brazilian Capoeira
By 1678, Pedro Almeida, the weary governor of Pernambuco approached the Palmares leader King Ganga Zumba for negotiations. Almeida agreed to concede all runaway slaves residing inward the Palmares regions if Palmares would submit to Portuguese rule. King Ganga Zumba favored the compromise but Zumbi did non because the Portuguese would non concur to costless all the human slaves inward the Portuguese colonial region.
Before King Ganga Zumba's death, Zumbi commanded the leadership of the independent Quilombos dos Palmares, becoming the commander-in-chief of its resistence. Fifteen years later Zumbi assumed armed forces leadership of Palmares, Portuguese colonial armed forces commanders from the São Paulo region -- Domingos Jorge Velho in addition to Bernardo Vieira de Melo -- mounted a armed forces assault against Palmares. By 1680, Zumbi of Palmares reigned against the Portuguese.
Quilombo de San Gonçalo 1769 (National Library of Brazil).
The Quilombo settlements were designed inside a circle, every bit was
the dance/martial-art of Capoiera.
The Capoiera circle is called the Roda.
Zumbi Leads the Quilombo Resistance
Zumbi eluded the Portuguese in addition to continued the Quilombo resistance. Commentators accept written that he was betrayed yesteryear a captured Quilombo who led the Portugese of São Paulo (Paulistas) to Zumbi's hideout. In whatsoever case, led yesteryear Domingos Jorge Velho in addition to Vieira de Mello, on Feb 6, 1694, later 67 years armed forces conflict alongside Palmares, the Portuguese eventually destroyed the Palmares compound Cerca create Macaco ("monkey enclosure"). While the Quilombo remained inward the Palmares region, Zumbi was captured in addition to killed on Nov 20, 1695. His caput is said to accept been shipped to Recife, Brazil where it was displayed inward the cardinal praça every bit proof that Zumbi was non immortal in addition to every bit a alarm to other African resistance fighters.
Nov 20 has been celebrated inward Brazil every bit Black Awareness Day (or Black Conscious Day, portuegese: Dia Nacional da Consciência Negra) since the 1960s. The twenty-four hours has exceptional pregnant inward laurels of Zumbi -- a dark hero in addition to liberty fighter. Additionally, May xiii is the national vacation inward Brazil inward laurels of the Abolition of Slavery inward Brazil inward 1850.
Zumbi dos Palmares International Airport inward Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil
Zumbi dos Palmares International Airport (IATA: MCZ, ICAO: SBMO)
is an international drome serving Maceió inward Brazil. This modern drome
connects Maceió alongside various Brazilian cities in addition to likewise operates international flights.
Beaches of Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
Further research: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 1984 cinema directed yesteryear Carlos Diegues tells the storey of Quilombo dos Palmares. Its star actors are Antonio Pomeu, Zezé Motta, Tony Tornado, in addition to Vera Fischer.
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