Hannibal Barca Of Carthage, Northward Africa

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUb2pALwx7dCumcfg5hOEhahXEUC-uwzjy0penew-9QbxXlEFGbVNeR97-hHNW1JSTa1f7HKxYZQDvMZ7_LKg0XOCKlHYsOJjDfAB98NvfJn5ztJfkUE4G7povxk3iIVxqSCiaamCVECY/s1600/Hannibal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUb2pALwx7dCumcfg5hOEhahXEUC-uwzjy0penew-9QbxXlEFGbVNeR97-hHNW1JSTa1f7HKxYZQDvMZ7_LKg0XOCKlHYsOJjDfAB98NvfJn5ztJfkUE4G7povxk3iIVxqSCiaamCVECY/s400/Hannibal.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Coin bearing the icon of Hannibal as well as his famed battalion of elephants.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In 247 B.C., the yr Hannibal Barca was born, the Carthage empire was about 500 years old. Known every bit 1 of the greatest strategist inwards armed services history, the battles of Hannibal would hit a turning betoken inwards the history of the continent that would live called <a href="http://suite101.com/article/medieval-warfare-between-ghana-and-mali-empires-a188811" target="_blank">Africa</a>.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Carthage had been settled past times Phoenicians every bit a city-state in North Africa close the electrical current Tunis. In his 1961 work, French Historian Gabriel Audisio comments that he considered "Hannibal to live neither a Phoenician, nor a Carthaginian, nor a Punic, but a North African... The bulk of the Punic world seems to receive got had African, indeed Negroid, ancestry." Whether described every bit Carthaginians, Phoenicians, or Punics of North Africa, according to Audisio's inquiry they were certainly a mix of aboriginal North Africans that included the native Berbers, Moors as well as other groups. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> The Phoenicians were a Semitic linguistic communication people. English writers as well as speakers can give thank yous the Phoenicians for the electrical current English phonic system. The English Alphabets were borrowed from the Phoenician script. Their cultural influence was wide throughout the Mediterranean Sea nations. They were known every bit skilled body of body of water merchant traders. They ruled inwards pre-Roman as well as pre-historic Iberia (currently Kingdom of Spain as well as Portugal nations on the Iberian Peninsula), until losing against Rome in the Third Punic War. The metropolis of Carthage was destroyed past times the Romans inwards 146 BC. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> There is no painting of Hannibal inwards beingness today. The money higher upward is oftentimes presented past times commentators every bit a representation of Hannibal as well as his legacy of tamed elephants. While this author was non able to detect an academic source for this money to confirm its appointment -- which was to a greater extent than than 2,000 years ago. The beingness of such coinage during some betoken during our mutual historic catamenia is no surprise inwards low-cal of Hannibal's historical legacy.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> What nosotros make receive got are descriptions of Hannibal past times commentators of his time. According to the Roman historian Levy of the commencement century of our era, Hannibal was "fearless, utterly prudent inwards danger, indefatigable, able to suffer oestrus as well as cold, controlled inwards eating habits, unpretentious inwards dress, willing to slumber wrapped inwards armed services cloak, a superb passenger as well as horseman." He was the son of the Carthage full general Hamilcar Barca. There is no noesis of his mother inwards the history records, non fifty-fifty her name. He had 2 brothers: Hasdrubal resided inwards Kingdom of Spain as well as Maharbal was captain of Hannibal's calvary.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Carthage as well as Rome were at state of war during the First Punic War (264-241 B.C.). Both empires were seeking supremacy over the Mediterranean. Hannibal's father, Hamilcar Barca, full general of the Carthaginian mercenaries, was infuriated almost the western Mediterranean losses of Sicily as well as Sardinia. When Hannibal was 17 years old, however, his manly mortal nurture was killed inwards an ambush inwards Spain, <span style="text-align: left;">which was primarily nether the dominion of the North African empire.</span> Hannibal would boy stride fully into his armed services career.</div> <br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-RkgJI4YoPLZkNzYvjDguB_u-JFyEwBflPf7SB8oMZbuoUYlRwKES2egEvjs67cF6tVTL8tqcbofh5YLH0XWLq5AiNIa8qYy3iK-Eus7WSq9XSVpnOKkkzd7wDW07l6WbJWPdWJ-i0hA/s1600/Photo+of+Carthage+and+Rome+Map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="321" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-RkgJI4YoPLZkNzYvjDguB_u-JFyEwBflPf7SB8oMZbuoUYlRwKES2egEvjs67cF6tVTL8tqcbofh5YLH0XWLq5AiNIa8qYy3iK-Eus7WSq9XSVpnOKkkzd7wDW07l6WbJWPdWJ-i0hA/s400/Photo+of+Carthage+and+Rome+Map.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map of Carthage empire as well as Roman empire</td></tr> </tbody></table> In Oct 218 B.C., during the Second Punic War, Hannibal had arrived at the Alps. His soldiers are said to receive got stretched for to a greater extent than than viii miles at the Alps, the foothills of the Roman Empire. Hannibal's regular army of 100,000 men would trek as well as manage 1,500 miles to larn inwards at the Alps from Spain. Hannibal armies included Numidians, North Africans from an expanse roughly where People's Democratic Republic of Algeria forthwith draws its boundaries. The Numidians were known every bit main horsemen who could guide their horses amongst their knees, leaving their hands complimentary to piece of occupation swords as well as throw javelins.They had fought attacks from European tribes similar the Gauls.<br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Hannibal is said to receive got given this spoken language to the regular army of men who had survived as well as crossed the swift-flowing Rhone river:</div> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <div style="text-align: justify;"> "Why are yous afraid?... The greater business office of our journeying is accomplished. We receive got surmounted the Pyrenees; nosotros receive got crossed the Rhone, that mighty river, inwards spite of the opposition of thousands of Gauls as well as the fury of the river itself. Now nosotros receive got the Alps inwards sight. On the other side of those mountains lies Italy.... Does anyone imagine the Alps to live anything but what they are--lofty mountains. No business office of the world reaches the sky, or is insurmountable to mankind. The Alps create as well as back upward living things. If they are passable past times a few men, they are passable to armies."</div> </blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Hannibal lost one-half of his regular army inwards the commencement 2 weeks into the Alps. Landslides were touched off past times mount tribes. Men died during mitt battle amongst tribesmen. Starvation as well as illness were also companions of the embattled lot. Polybus, a Greek historian as well as contemporary to Hannibal, described Hannibal's arrival to the Po Valley amongst almost 26,000 men. At the Po Valley, Hannibal is said to receive got made this speech:</div> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <div style="text-align: justify;"> "Soldiers! You receive got forthwith surmounted non exclusively the ramparts of Italy, but also Rome. You are entering friendly Earth inhabited past times people who abhor the Romans every bit much every bit nosotros do. The residual of the journeying volition live smoothen as well as downhill, and, afterwards one, or at most a minute battle, yous volition receive got the citadel as well as uppercase of Italia inwards your possession."</div> </blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Commentators receive got speculated on why Hannibal spoke these words because the men were almost to confront the most hard business office of the journey. Friends did non hold off inwards the Po Valley. Here, the Roman regular army would run into the men inwards battle. In retrospect, considering how far the men had come, in that place actually was no going dorsum at this point. The Carthaginians believed that Rome was considering an invasion of Africa. Hannibal believed he had to deed through an overland develop on on Roman to salve Carthage. He would pass xv years inwards Italy, winning many battles -- such every bit the Battle of Cannae where he lost 6,000 troops to Rome's 70,000 troops.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> We know Hannibal did non succeed, but are astonished past times how closed he came to success. The minute of the Punic Wars was over. When Hannibal eventually retreated amongst his regular army to Carthage, his regular army was defeated past times Scipio Africanus inwards the Battle of Zama.  Always sought past times the Romans, when Hannibal was almost the historic catamenia of 64 as well as to live taken prisoner, he took toxicant as well as is recorded to receive got stated:</div> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <div style="text-align: justify;"> "Let us forthwith position an destination to the neat anxiety of the Romans who receive got idea it likewise lengthy as well as likewise heavy a chore to hold off for the expiry of a hated onetime man."</div> </blockquote> <h1 id="watch-headline-title"> <span class="long-title" dir="ltr" id="eow-title" title="Hannibal Barca of Carthage, North Africa"><span style="font-size: small;">Hon. doc John Henrik Clarke on Carthage</span></span></h1> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <object height="315" width="420"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/Nl7yAQzCAg8?version=3&hl=en_US"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="http://www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/Nl7yAQzCAg8?version=3&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="420" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: left;"> <b><i>Further Comments on This Blog Has Been CLOSED.</i></b></div> </div>

Hannibal Barca Of Carthage, Northward Africa

Image: Coin bearing the icon of Hannibal as well as his famed battalion of elephants. In 247 B.C., the yr Hannibal Barca was born, t...

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Africans Of Esmeraldas, Ecuador: A Await At The 1599 Epitome Of Don Francisco De Arobe Together With His 2 Sons

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3_7yKSI9YZ05QtaI589YFyN1KpPleAXYmFOwy2aQ5_35bCWMAe4QPevQTo3HeW5jAIUt-hf4Yln7VZGZAUxI3PZhAxR0sFC6RF-DOYaG9M_1M_xJAgaahf5WiOkL23FyAohHH1VarNYs/s1600/Mulatos+de+Esmeraldas+1599+Quito+Ecuador+Don+Francisco+de+Arobe+and+two+sons.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3_7yKSI9YZ05QtaI589YFyN1KpPleAXYmFOwy2aQ5_35bCWMAe4QPevQTo3HeW5jAIUt-hf4Yln7VZGZAUxI3PZhAxR0sFC6RF-DOYaG9M_1M_xJAgaahf5WiOkL23FyAohHH1VarNYs/s1600/Mulatos+de+Esmeraldas+1599+Quito+Ecuador+Don+Francisco+de+Arobe+and+two+sons.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Painting: Mulatos de Esmeraldas: Quito Equador Don Francisco de Arobe and his two sons, circa 1599.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> In 1599, the ikon was created by a Mative American painter yesteryear the advert of Adrián Sánchez Galque. Like many original, fine industrial plant of fine art of this time, the ikon is concluding known to be inwards the collection of a European museum inwards Spain, the Museo de América de Madrid. When nosotros foremost came upon this prototype from 1599, nosotros became curious nearly the even behind the ikon in addition to the subsequent history of those Africans who maintain at that placed called Esmeralda, Republic of Ecuador to a greater extent than than 400 years later on the ikon was commissioned.<br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYV0l3TlBWshHHCXkcqnd5TFL-ohgghVEJeT5yXe6ZzGmU51wU35VVjWvLUv1N7qVkdc-5TUv5K-BgpGdMDbdUv3hHcEos4KJlULW4k7n2XsSzKgoyk-LtFaeyxe4l7svJJxj7fPf0zMI/s1600/Map+of+Esmeralda+Ecuador.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYV0l3TlBWshHHCXkcqnd5TFL-ohgghVEJeT5yXe6ZzGmU51wU35VVjWvLUv1N7qVkdc-5TUv5K-BgpGdMDbdUv3hHcEos4KJlULW4k7n2XsSzKgoyk-LtFaeyxe4l7svJJxj7fPf0zMI/s1600/Map+of+Esmeralda+Ecuador.gif" width="301" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map of South America, noting location of Esmeraldas, Republic of Ecuador off Pacific Ocean coast.</td></tr> </tbody></table> We were non surprised that this painting may be located inwards Madrid. In 1599, the history of Madrid was non far removed from a fourth dimension when the surface area was under complete ruler of the Moors. The Moors migrated from Northern Africa in addition to settled the electrical flow metropolis nosotros telephone telephone Madrid today. In fact, the historical tape indicates that forts in addition to a wall were built yesteryear the Moor roughly Madrid equally early on equally 865 A.D. Before the metropolis roughshod nether Castillian dominion inwards 1083, nether leadership of Alfonso VI of Castile, the metropolis was called Magerit yesteryear the Moors. From 1083, the fourth dimension of Castillian rule, to 1599, the appointment the ikon was created --was 516 years. From 1599 to 2014 is 415 years -- both periods being relatively short historical fourth dimension spans. This is illustrated alone to render the reader a historical perspective. In 1544, Republic of Ecuador was reportedly nether Spain's colonial rule. By 1564, Republic of Ecuador was dealing straight amongst Madrid.<br /> <br /> Who are these 3 men inwards the painting? The historical accounts indicate the centre figure is Don Francisco (de) Arobe. The other ii men are his sons, Don Domingo, at the right, in addition to Don Pedro, at the left. Each homo holds a spears in addition to wears an elaborate combination of Native American (indigenous) in addition to Ibero-Spanish inspired clothing. On the actual painting, each homo is identified yesteryear the championship Don, a sign of honour inwards Latin-Hispanic civilisation at the time. It is evident from the gilt jewelry in addition to the championship as Dons that the men were of high standing inwards the Esmeralda of 1599. The painting's inscription states equally follows: "Doctor Juan del Barrio de Sepulveda, gauge of the Real Audiencia of Quito, commissioned in addition to pigment for the painting, to your Majesty Phillip, Catholic King of Kingdom of Spain in addition to the Indies inwards the twelvemonth of 1599." <br /> <br /> The 3 men are too described yesteryear the painter equally <i>mulatos</i>. This description may cause got been to a greater extent than of a reflection of the caste hierarchy distinction that existed inwards South America later on the Europeans arrived, which created condition based on the amount of European heritage held yesteryear an individual. Upon review of this painting, an declaration tin hold upwards made that a to a greater extent than appropriate championship for these men would cause got been the Castilian term for Afro-Indian men, <i>zambos</i>, or for African men, <i>negro.</i><br /> <br /> Like the Castilian word<i> negro</i>, which hateful black, the Castilian discussion <i>zambos</i> would creep into the Euro-English lexicon as "sambos." Unfortunately, the Anglo-European cultural baggage who interpret the discussion into a negative connotation for people of African descent. But equally nosotros tin encounter from this 1770 painting, zambos represented a farther racial classification amid the Europeans.<br /> <br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4oB6xEkUum9djq33NRcZgIdOOzLRh7InW_w9WFKpdctOgkQDgg9nTWc251jZsm_aj4224v9g4SVC6Oe-XcQSNeo6jg7GhuhDueb55_O_DiDGovim30pMWjFRZdl-8sK4PznmEg5mSnps/s1600/From+a+black+man+with+a+mulata+produces+a+Sambo+Indian+school+1770.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4oB6xEkUum9djq33NRcZgIdOOzLRh7InW_w9WFKpdctOgkQDgg9nTWc251jZsm_aj4224v9g4SVC6Oe-XcQSNeo6jg7GhuhDueb55_O_DiDGovim30pMWjFRZdl-8sK4PznmEg5mSnps/s1600/From+a+black+man+with+a+mulata+produces+a+Sambo+Indian+school+1770.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Painting: Top inscription states "from a dark homo amongst a mulata produces a sambo," Indian school, circa. 1770.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> In the mass <i>No Longer Invisible: Afro-Latin American</i> <i>Today</i>, nosotros are given some additional insights on the history of the part of Esmeraldas:<br /> <br /> <i>"Regional blackness equally a forcefulness of self-liberation inwards Republic of Ecuador begins inwards Esmeraldas, in addition to its origin occurs during a tearing tropical tempest in addition to a campaign of African rebellion. The documented history of Republic of Ecuador establishes the beginnings of Afro-Hispanic civilisation inwards what is straightaway Esmeraldas, Ecuador, where a Castilian slaving send ran aground inwards 1553. There a grouping of twenty-three Africans from the coast of Guinea, led yesteryear a dark warrior named Antón, attacked the slavers in addition to liberated themselves. Not long after, this group, together amongst other blacks entering the region, led yesteryear a ladino (Hispanicized dark person) named Alonso de Illescas, came to dominate the part from northern Manabí due north to what is straightaway Barbacoas, Colombia. At this fourth dimension (late sixteenth century) intermixture amongst indigenous peoples, to whom dark people fled to found their palenques (villages of self-liberated people - some fortified, some not), was such that their features were described equally zambo (black-indigenous admixture), synonyms of which were negro (black) in addition to mulato (mixed or hybrid black-white). ... </i><br /> <i></i><br /> <i>... By 1599 dark people were clearly inwards accuse of what was called "La República de Zambos" or "Zambo Republic". Zambo refers to people of colour who are descendants of Native Americans in addition to African Americans. In that twelvemonth a grouping of Zambo chieftains, said to correspond 100,000 or to a greater extent than Zambo people of Esmeraldas, trekked to Quito to declare loyalty to Spain. An crude oil ikon of these chiefs from the emerald dry reason of the Zambo Republic is portrayed yesteryear the "Indian artist" Adrián Sánchez Galgue [sic]; it is reportedly the earliest signed in addition to dated ikon from South America." </i><br /> <i>By 1599, the appointment of this painting, nosotros know that populations of settled Africans were residing inwards Esmeralda, Equador.  region. Let's cause got a expect dorsum inwards time.</i> <br /> <br /> What of Esmeraldas, Republic of Ecuador straightaway -- the abode of our 3 Dons? This coastal metropolis is inwards northwestern Republic of Ecuador in addition to is 1 of the few predominantly dark provinces, reportedly at lxx percent. It has the highest concentration of people of African descent inwards all of Ecuador. In damage of preserving its African cultural heritage, Esmeraldas' isolation may cause got been its saving grace. <br /> <br /> The best online video documentary nosotros could notice nearly the existing <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=gaspar-yanga-1570-african-slave-revolt" target="_blank">Afro-Latino</a> community inwards Republic of Ecuador is inwards Castilian alone (sorry to my English-only audience), but the images lone utter volumes. If you lot cause got ever visited this Esmeraldas, Republic of Ecuador region, attain percentage your sense amongst our readers inwards the comments here. <br /> <br /> <object height="315" width="560"><param name="movie" value="//www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/qYgb2d28VLA?hl=en_US&version=3"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="//www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/qYgb2d28VLA?hl=en_US&version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="560" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object> <br /> <b></b><br /> <b>Further reading resources:</b> <br /> <br /> <i>No Longer Invisible: Afro-Latin Americans Today. Minority Rights Group, ed. Minority Rights Publications (1995)<br /> <br /> The African Experience inwards Castilian America: 1502 to the Present Day. Leslie B. Rout, Jr. Cambridge Univ. Press (1976)</i></div>

Africans Of Esmeraldas, Ecuador: A Await At The 1599 Epitome Of Don Francisco De Arobe Together With His 2 Sons

Painting: Mulatos de Esmeraldas: Quito Equador Don Francisco de Arobe and his two sons, circa 1599. In 1599, the ikon was created by a...

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