The Dark Church Building Every Moment Civil Rights Headquarter As Well As Community Center: Chicago's Quinn Chapel Ame Church Building As Well As Olivet Baptist Church

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3mZRcjw5dXAWaSmR-4F5FwvYUont03Y_sReCWvPSsFtKeviG8Id75zIedQq1wmTRK697dixEjGTB2RKo93gZDNLA82IY8cNzA9jnGOtCH17xjq_bDk3JD2DH7hSQDuq3R2QoK9x4-M20/s1600-h/quinn+chapel+chicago.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" ct="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3mZRcjw5dXAWaSmR-4F5FwvYUont03Y_sReCWvPSsFtKeviG8Id75zIedQq1wmTRK697dixEjGTB2RKo93gZDNLA82IY8cNzA9jnGOtCH17xjq_bDk3JD2DH7hSQDuq3R2QoK9x4-M20/s320/quinn+chapel+chicago.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b>Photo: Quinn Chapel Church inwards Chicago</b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <b>QUINN CHAPEL A.M.E. CHURCH</b><br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Founded inwards 1844, the Quinn Chapel African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church is Chicago's oldest Black religious congregation. The church building was named later on Bishop William Paul Quinn, a fundamental figure inwards the westward expansion of African Methodism. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In 1850, the U.S.A. Congress passed a to a greater extent than severe Fugitive Slave Law which said that whatever white mortal amongst no to a greater extent than than a sworn witness could claim a Black mortal equally his escaped slave together with legally secure the private to petition earlier a federal commissioner. In its swift reaction, Quinn Chapel passed a resolution stating “We who bring tasted liberty are laid upwards to exclaim, inwards the linguistic communication of Patrick Henry: 'Give us liberty, or give us death.'” The congregation at ane time mobilized its forces to picket for slave hunters. </div> <br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit9KPkB2dSvdKW2fv7amkqSyS9OKMliK7FsupcMliYbRKd37eqHqKDAJu2Tud8iQcDi28OtmW_FIoZDqn9HNI27NKApPz_IjgwlnmGsjpHgvSwxa2HcyzHbX2b-gLPLtX4exGikgvo0mA/s1600-h/quinn+chapel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" ct="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit9KPkB2dSvdKW2fv7amkqSyS9OKMliK7FsupcMliYbRKd37eqHqKDAJu2Tud8iQcDi28OtmW_FIoZDqn9HNI27NKApPz_IjgwlnmGsjpHgvSwxa2HcyzHbX2b-gLPLtX4exGikgvo0mA/s320/quinn+chapel.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Quinn Chapel's pulpit has been graced amongst Black leaders such equally Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, together with doc Martin Luther King, Jr. Quinn Chapel helped constitute the Bethel A.M.E. Church, Wabash Avenue YMCA, together with Provident Hospital, the starting fourth dimension Black-owned infirmary inwards the nation. The electrical flow gray-stone brick edifice of this Black establishment is designed inwards a Romanesque architectural mode that was erected inwards 1892. It is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Quinn Chapel A.M.E. Church is located at 2401 S. Wabash Avenue inwards Chicago, Illinois.</div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm5JaCp5MD_5n_j9elhluiN7gbB_ZnMnzbIH07OQ0cX14C7Rs9ofIP844lVRS4Wn_slfymS9Oh0a8pEHhos5t2uh_ukUOyPhF-h_CUtP9Og3AVvWQO2uRdW3UTuGQ9zh0xQcxUHy84t84/s1600-h/olivet+church.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" ct="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm5JaCp5MD_5n_j9elhluiN7gbB_ZnMnzbIH07OQ0cX14C7Rs9ofIP844lVRS4Wn_slfymS9Oh0a8pEHhos5t2uh_ukUOyPhF-h_CUtP9Og3AVvWQO2uRdW3UTuGQ9zh0xQcxUHy84t84/s320/olivet+church.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b>Photo: Olivet Baptist Church</b></div> <br /> <b>OLIVET BAPTIST CHURCH</b><br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Olivet Baptist Church is ane of the oldest Baptist churches inwards Chicago. Founded Apr 6, 1850, this congregation was an active station on the Underground Railroad. Its pastor was a leading fellow member of the Vigilance Committee which was organized to assist runaway slaves together with struggle the Fugitive Slave Law. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> By the 1920s, nether the leadership of Lacy Kirk Williams, who became pastor of the church building inwards 1915, Olivet Baptist Church became ane of the close prominent Black churches inwards the nation. From 1915 to 1920, the church's membership to a greater extent than than doubled. Under the leadership of Williams, Olivet was non alone a religious middle but a community center. During this time, a full-time staff of xvi operated a programme that included a undertaking bureau, nursery, kindergarten, a private welfare department, inwards improver to a community lodge family together with athletic facilities. Olivet Baptist Church is located at 401 E. 31st Street inwards Chicago, Illinois.</div> </div>

The Dark Church Building Every Moment Civil Rights Headquarter As Well As Community Center: Chicago's Quinn Chapel Ame Church Building As Well As Olivet Baptist Church

Photo: Quinn Chapel Church inwards Chicago QUINN CHAPEL A.M.E. CHURCH Founded inwards 1844, the Quinn Chapel African Methodist Epi...

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African Americans Inwards Paris

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDm71ADGq4159CmWrgQ5i6wESQkkrpwk2MruQ2HAd6eF1V6viGaQf1o5ykg7HfDN5BBBO7e5peCO8BZg8iZwGOAEsIWH_6IZzU-c6gonq-RO5TaESjBcV7XPrJ_EZmkUzJhB9XedZbhVM/s1600-h/blacks+in+paris.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" ct="true" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDm71ADGq4159CmWrgQ5i6wESQkkrpwk2MruQ2HAd6eF1V6viGaQf1o5ykg7HfDN5BBBO7e5peCO8BZg8iZwGOAEsIWH_6IZzU-c6gonq-RO5TaESjBcV7XPrJ_EZmkUzJhB9XedZbhVM/s200/blacks+in+paris.jpg" width="258" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b>African American Entertainers inwards Paris</b></div> <br /> Since the early on 1800s, the aspiring American creative somebody has been drawn to Paris every bit a sort of creative pilgrimage. The City of Lights has also obtained a particular house inwards the hearts of the African American expatriate inwards search of artistic together with intellectual liberty inwards Europe. <br /> <br /> <b>BLACK AMERICAN ARTISTS, WRITERS AND MUSICIANS</b><br /> <br /> <b><i>The Literati</i></b><br /> <br /> <div> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="http://tinypic.com/" target="_blank"><img alt=" the aspiring American creative somebody has been drawn to Paris every bit a sort of creative pilgrimage African Americans inwards Paris" border="0" height="320" src="http://i34.tinypic.com/1124qq9.gif" width="237" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo: African American author James Baldwin sits inwards a Paris window.</span></b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In Black literature, James Baldwin is good known for his love of Paris together with would arrive at the destination of his life on French soil. Baldwin said that it took him going to Paris to larn what it meant to endure an American.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The author Richard Wright is known to convey frequented the Latin Quarter together with Saint-German-des-Prés of Paris together with may convey best described what the Black expats searched for most: "[a]ll of my life I had been sum of a hunger for a novel agency to live." (from <i>Black Boy</i>).</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Paris inwards 1924 industrial plant life the poet Langston Hughes scraping yesteryear from meager payoff from working inwards ane of Montmartre's most pop nighttime clubs. Notwithstanding, Hughes described his fourth dimension inwards Paris every bit "a dream come upwards true". Countee Cullen, Alain Locke, Claude McKay, Chester Himes are with the other historical Black literati of Paris.</div> <br /> <b><i>The Entertainers</i></b><br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="http://tinypic.com/" target="_blank"><img alt=" the aspiring American creative somebody has been drawn to Paris every bit a sort of creative pilgrimage African Americans inwards Paris" border="0" height="265" src="http://i36.tinypic.com/fofww4.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo: Ada "Bricktop" Smith (1894–1984)</span></b></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: x-small;">(cir. 1934, photographer Carl Van Vechten)</span></b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The singing together with dancing saloon-owner Ada "Bricktop" Smith operated Chez Bricktop at 66 rue Pigalle that became a beacon of Parisian night-life from 1924 to 1961. Chez Bricktop's broad appeal is noted from its presence inwards the writings of Ernest Hemingway together with T.S. Eliot. The poet Gwendolyn Bennett describes a 1925 eve at Chez Bricktop inwards his diary every bit follows:</div> <br /> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <i>"Then at 4:15 A.M. to beloved quondam ‘Bricktop’s’ ... extremely crowded this nighttime with our folk. Lottie Gee at that topographic point on her starting fourth dimension nighttime inwards town together with sings for ‘Brick’ her hitting from ‘Shuffle Along’—‘I’m Just Wild About Harry.’ Her phonation is non what it powerfulness convey been together with she had every bit good much champaign [sic] but soundless at that topographic point was something rattling personal together with beloved nigh her singing it together with nosotros colored folks only applauded similar mad." (Diary of Gwendolyn Bennett, entry of 8 Aug. 1925, <a href="http://www.nypl.org/locations/schomburg/about/history">Schomburg Center for Research on Black Culture</a>, New York.)</i></div> </blockquote> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Also of banking concern complaint with the entertainers, Josephine Baker is in all probability best known. New-Orleans born Sidney Bechet, called the founding manlike somebody nurture of Jazz, also made a postage stamp on the metropolis when he opened the "Chez Sidney" cabaret inwards 1951. </div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-jxLxz2AgZZ1B9rIneaYVcAQvj-01tZjP1LlTEKRTGVyeegCeYU6Nyd046SvHnm4W1-ke8_1lkJCEPoKsQfjVRrMZphP3S1GPmqRtOXfQI4p8Pi5M2ZHSSMns2Izd5DkLMUI1ILDlX-8/s1600-h/sidney+1950s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" ct="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-jxLxz2AgZZ1B9rIneaYVcAQvj-01tZjP1LlTEKRTGVyeegCeYU6Nyd046SvHnm4W1-ke8_1lkJCEPoKsQfjVRrMZphP3S1GPmqRtOXfQI4p8Pi5M2ZHSSMns2Izd5DkLMUI1ILDlX-8/s320/sidney+1950s.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo: Sidney Bechet with Christian Azzi at the pianoforte (cir. 1950s, Paris)</span></b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpFZk9QslbhrRn8qvi80M4lLDEsASMMZv4I87a1AeM8VVDLeTmys2B4RH2Ix6AZlX-d58mzxO1VZCK46DbO2OA3zbMIiK4TMofwTtvke27pyirRiif1oYf8vVt3hhSDuED85lR73opufk/s1600-h/sidney+bechet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" ct="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpFZk9QslbhrRn8qvi80M4lLDEsASMMZv4I87a1AeM8VVDLeTmys2B4RH2Ix6AZlX-d58mzxO1VZCK46DbO2OA3zbMIiK4TMofwTtvke27pyirRiif1oYf8vVt3hhSDuED85lR73opufk/s320/sidney+bechet.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo: Sidney Bechet (1897–1959)</span></b></div> <br /> <i><b>The Fine Artists</b></i><br /> <br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Montparnasse has historically been of cardinal import inwards the fine arts world, together with a release of African-American creative somebody worked together with lived along its sixth together with 14th arrondissements.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Fine artists Palmer Hayen, Lois Mailou Jones, Archibald J. Motley Jr., Nancy Elizabeth Prophet, Augusta Savage, Albert Alexander Smith, together with Hale Woodruff convey all lived together with produced works inwards Paris. In 1996, the paintings of Lois Mailou Jones were featured inwards an fine art exhibition entitled "Paris, the City of Light".</div> <br /> <div> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <a href="http://tinypic.com/" target="_blank"><i><img alt=" the aspiring American creative somebody has been drawn to Paris every bit a sort of creative pilgrimage African Americans inwards Paris" border="0" height="320" src="http://i36.tinypic.com/5bwlrk.gif" width="315" /></i></a></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo: Lois Mailou Jones  (b. 11/3/1905 - d. 6/9/1998) </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">(picture cir. 1936)</span><br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizbFbiMO-CByK65pVVbWRgfCVQYrbhvCzoXSgPYZ52DGdstpMfkt4eRduGxJtsTlAZS9o2FlSEdM73zaNiRK6cEzyziE85NSQSNvLb1AecKyrzE53fOdfqIDhzw7fV_vAZEQ7irJFnNMg/s1600-h/lois+mailou+jones.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" ct="true" height="353" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizbFbiMO-CByK65pVVbWRgfCVQYrbhvCzoXSgPYZ52DGdstpMfkt4eRduGxJtsTlAZS9o2FlSEdM73zaNiRK6cEzyziE85NSQSNvLb1AecKyrzE53fOdfqIDhzw7fV_vAZEQ7irJFnNMg/s320/lois+mailou+jones.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo: Lois Mailous Jones inwards her studio.</span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> </div> <div> </div> <i><b>Black Paris' Historic Haunts</b></i><br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8NJ4zK6daoJzwxdfMIe-JbnLJpbjYDDglXiI5Y7jbMDqWAJloR9-Pe8Rm8YlWCq4Syg4D5WztJ4qDlLxIrSrkJ0KU3Rys87ccu7Xhe6BIQo7KNhG3XHgOD1wS0aVNv_pMsdF3g_QLfUs/s1600-h/hell+fighters.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" ct="true" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8NJ4zK6daoJzwxdfMIe-JbnLJpbjYDDglXiI5Y7jbMDqWAJloR9-Pe8Rm8YlWCq4Syg4D5WztJ4qDlLxIrSrkJ0KU3Rys87ccu7Xhe6BIQo7KNhG3XHgOD1wS0aVNv_pMsdF3g_QLfUs/s200/hell+fighters.bmp" width="400" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Photo: The 369th Infantry Regiment ("Harlem Hellfighters") </b></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>(cir. Dec 27, 1917)</b></span> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> For the historical buffs, the Champs Elysees volition resound every bit the house where the "Harlem Hellfighters" received a hero's welcome later World War I (WWI). The Harlem Hellfighters were the starting fourth dimension all-black U.S. combat unit of measurement to endure shipped overseas during WWI.<br /> <br /> On a to a greater extent than controversial note, a Paris street marking volition right away the traveler to the residence where the 1787 rendezvous betwixt the U.S. President Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings is reported to convey occurred. This Paris rendezvous resulted inwards the nascency of a tiddler betwixt Jefferson together with Hemings that would add together African-lineage to the Jefferson household unit of measurement tree.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> There are a growing release of Black Paris tours. H5N1 lilliputian reading, however, volition brand move to Paris a to a greater extent than memorable experience. In perusing the ample literature you lot may endure inspired to search out the bistros together with cafes where your favorite Black author sipped coffee, or to study the landscape that inspired ane of the many Lois Mailou Jones' Paris landscapes. </div> <div> </div> <br /> <i>For Further Reading:</i><br /> <ul> <li><i>Giovanni's Room, yesteryear James Baldwin (Delta)</i></li> <li><i>Black Girl inwards Paris, yesteryear Shay Youngblood (Riverhead)</i></li> <li><i>Harlem inwards Montmartre: H5N1 Paris Jazz Story Between the Great Wars, yesteryear William A. Shack (George Gund Foundation Book inwards African American Studies)</i></li> <li><i>New Negro Artists inwards Paris: African American Painters together with Sculptors inwards the City of Light, 1922-1934, yesteryear Teresa Leininger-Miller (Rutgers University Press)</i></li> </ul> </div>

African Americans Inwards Paris

African American Entertainers inwards Paris Since the early on 1800s, the aspiring American creative somebody has been drawn to Paris ...

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African Americans On Maui Association

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/"></a><span id="goog_1266594054092"></span><span id="goog_1266594054093"></span><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> As business office of the 2010 Black History Month, the African Americans on Maui Association hosts a novel mass unloosen launch of African Americans inward Hawaii: H5N1 Search for Identity," compiled together with edited past times Ayin M. Adams, Ph.D., followed past times a Special Awards Ceremony. </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> Full listing of <a href="http://www.gohawaii.com/event?id=13436">Black History Month Events on Maui</a>, including events at the Maui Arts & Cultural Center.</div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMR09cWLzfhosVgtZsQjD50mv-53iTqOdIDS0VcmCAP9_7WzENBgF-W0colHf-8Y2lyCUHYmaKFIcE3kZLJJHfYoxJxWzpZxxGcYgH4fI9_MPQa3nBkXziUoQt3ui6JhmBT5yIzDMYI2Y/s1600-h/Black+History+Month+on+Maiu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" ct="true" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMR09cWLzfhosVgtZsQjD50mv-53iTqOdIDS0VcmCAP9_7WzENBgF-W0colHf-8Y2lyCUHYmaKFIcE3kZLJJHfYoxJxWzpZxxGcYgH4fI9_MPQa3nBkXziUoQt3ui6JhmBT5yIzDMYI2Y/s640/Black+History+Month+on+Maiu.jpg" width="446" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">  </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><strong><em>Post script</em></strong>: back upwards efforts of local Hawaiian community to preserve African American historical heritage on the isle past times </span><a href="http://www.thepetitionsite.com/147/830/903/save-preserve-hawaiis-african-american-200-years-cultural-heritage/#" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: large;">signing this petition</span></a><span style="font-size: large;">. In 2015, the petition is to hold upwards submitted inward back upwards of a proposal to the Hawaii State Legislature to found a Hawaii Commission to Preserve the Cultural Heritage of People of African descent in Hawaii.</span> </div> </div>

African Americans On Maui Association

As business office of the 2010 Black History Month, the African Americans on Maui Association hosts a novel mass unloosen launch of Afric...

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Antiguan's Observe U.S. President Barack Obama Alongside Mountain Obama

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis7q1X6YZ456YqayWVVRQ2OXfxQOcXv-nsJApuf6L1wRhyphenhyphenuc3yD8vRHmJu19VbsOd33vtaRwzVb7R8eCvPxjDRvqp-vncHCufJ-yTSCv2dLPdHrmSUVuoW3HsZjIc1got4vaNFUuNA2OI/s1600-h/barack+hussein+obama.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" ct="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis7q1X6YZ456YqayWVVRQ2OXfxQOcXv-nsJApuf6L1wRhyphenhyphenuc3yD8vRHmJu19VbsOd33vtaRwzVb7R8eCvPxjDRvqp-vncHCufJ-yTSCv2dLPdHrmSUVuoW3HsZjIc1got4vaNFUuNA2OI/s320/barack+hussein+obama.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Photo: U.S. President Barack Hussein Obama II</b></span></div><br /> <i>Barack H. Obama II is the 44th President of the United States, in addition to kickoff African American to concord the post. Born on August 4, 1961, Obama's storey is a dual one: the American storey of values from the heartland of America in addition to the African storey of perseverance of the African spirit.</i><br /> <br /> <b>Mount Obama</b><br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;">Antigua announced the renaming of its tallest mount peak equally Mount Obama on Jan. 20, 2009, inward accolade of the kickoff Black president of the United States. Mount Obama was named on August 4, 2009, mark President Barack Obama's 48th birthday. Located inward St. John's, Antigua, Mount Obama is utilization of the two-island province of Antigua in addition to Barbuda. This is the Caribbean Area nation's highest honor. </div><br /> <div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/5CcehMsjzOs&hl=en_US&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/5CcehMsjzOs&hl=en_US&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object></div><br /> <div style="text-align: justify;">"As an emancipated people linked to our mutual ancestral heritage in addition to a history of dehumanizing enslavement, nosotros postulate to at all times celebrate our heroes in addition to leaders who through their actions inspire us to create corking in addition to noble things," said Antiguan Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer at the renaming inauguration that drew most 300 at the base of operations of the mountain, nigh the island's southern coast, inward St. John. (Huffingtonpost.com, 8/4/09).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOYusb_jeoLE62b51tUbBigGzPtOY7VNF1mdEkJiNj_0XeK0GeoDJGMWKY321NDukWZ83yaCh8J5qUjXTGWOCMwqKyBNbWPIs6ChCG61G7MEqFb62hG3iqYGFzUguqlGbHDzxPiHnhTTM/s1600-h/antigua_barbuda.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" ct="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOYusb_jeoLE62b51tUbBigGzPtOY7VNF1mdEkJiNj_0XeK0GeoDJGMWKY321NDukWZ83yaCh8J5qUjXTGWOCMwqKyBNbWPIs6ChCG61G7MEqFb62hG3iqYGFzUguqlGbHDzxPiHnhTTM/s320/antigua_barbuda.gif" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Image: Antigua & Barbuda</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;">Originally known equally Boggy Peak, Mount Obama has been a pop hiking mount at 1,300 feet (395 meters) inward a higher identify the bounding main inward Antigua, a corking goal for hikers in addition to identify unit of measurement travelers.</div></div></div>

Antiguan's Observe U.S. President Barack Obama Alongside Mountain Obama

Photo: U.S. President Barack Hussein Obama II Barack H. Obama II is the 44th President of the United States, in addition to kickoff African...

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Black Media Mogul: Oprah Winfrey

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn6211_fXHg5HvAf5xvzvECo_HehF0uUuZfQIqcRhCgGzfZTrFDj3Mz39eZqRqAfa3ZXcTr6e82WYcs-RBmsye6-gKnVnagoUAV0qJjpKZeRg7cbD2oKKDxkdWVcpEn1CSgLhR-cK0PDo/s1600-h/Oprah_Winfrey_with_Barack_and_Michelle_Obama.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" kt="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn6211_fXHg5HvAf5xvzvECo_HehF0uUuZfQIqcRhCgGzfZTrFDj3Mz39eZqRqAfa3ZXcTr6e82WYcs-RBmsye6-gKnVnagoUAV0qJjpKZeRg7cbD2oKKDxkdWVcpEn1CSgLhR-cK0PDo/s320/Oprah_Winfrey_with_Barack_and_Michelle_Obama.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Photo: Oprah Winfrey on the U.S. Presidential drive trail </b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>with Chicagoans Barack as well as Michelle Obama</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /> </div>Originally named "Orpah" Gail Winfrey on Jan 29, 1954 inward Mississippi, Ms. Winfrey would hold to decease a leading idiot box speak present host, celluloid actress, producer as well as philanthropist. She is the showtime Black adult woman as well as solely the tertiary adult woman inward history, behind Mary Pickford as well as Lucille Ball, to ain a celluloid production studio. Harpo Studios, located inward Chicago, serves every bit a will to Winfrey's historic legacy.<br /> <br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLWG06ZKrj6lCkg8GQiT6xV6bntV-Wqr2wJ0cKYFCfNwp4i2B9_LB7XJ78fhaQSar3QWF7w-lXyAiOSg3P2GP-JlgtB7TT9yiNWzJuCkSHt0wRgER-f2Bmp6tancLjdkgTRRgaybsAISI/s1600-h/Harpo+studios.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" kt="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLWG06ZKrj6lCkg8GQiT6xV6bntV-Wqr2wJ0cKYFCfNwp4i2B9_LB7XJ78fhaQSar3QWF7w-lXyAiOSg3P2GP-JlgtB7TT9yiNWzJuCkSHt0wRgER-f2Bmp6tancLjdkgTRRgaybsAISI/s320/Harpo+studios.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Photo: Harpo Studios is located on the Westside of Chicago, Illinois </b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>at 1058 W. Washington Boulevard</b></span> </div><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv9AimcrmXQ-UKq-KWA05zVI9TEQlBwN3XbhZgIWph1vQIJh_PqoJVFSlVA6G2IYcv8HghVRHO_FMVsecNmBIKaxRJlhA0XooGL1pQDHU9mOhicuvyV47lY7IWzi_NE4jsWrgaLcdpewo/s1600-h/HarpoStudiosOprahMarquee.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" kt="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv9AimcrmXQ-UKq-KWA05zVI9TEQlBwN3XbhZgIWph1vQIJh_PqoJVFSlVA6G2IYcv8HghVRHO_FMVsecNmBIKaxRJlhA0XooGL1pQDHU9mOhicuvyV47lY7IWzi_NE4jsWrgaLcdpewo/s320/HarpoStudiosOprahMarquee.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Entrance agency into The Oprah Winfrey Show inward Chicago </b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>on the production campus of Harpo Studios</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The edifice construction that right away houses the Harpo Studio production facilities was originally built inward the early on 1900s. In 1952 the 88,000 foursquare pes complex was converted into a production studio. In 1988, Winfrey purchased it as well as completely renovated it into a state-of-the-art, Hollywood-quality celluloid production as well as post-production facility.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b>Trailblazing Black Media Professional</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /> </div>The Oprah Winfrey present began amongst a record-breaking launch inward to a greater extent than than 130 markets inward September 1986. She was the showtime Black adult woman to host a nationally syndicated speak present inward the United States. It is currently seen inward to a greater extent than than 99% of the soil as well as inward to a greater extent than than 100 unusual markets yesteryear millions of viewers. The studio receives several thou letters weekly from fans or as well as then the globe. <br /> <br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKEFHhmrSBAe2qahdeqSA9mYpLM1PsIfSk_fLmONNBORdYTVe8h4iILNqzmT4nSRn2E79cs0xLxqUvSAej-m5ajAHRpb9aiK7uYV-RYQK7C_gJq5Q6cS41DzduK8H45B0Yw2tjAX6TnM0/s1600-h/O_Magazine_cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" kt="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKEFHhmrSBAe2qahdeqSA9mYpLM1PsIfSk_fLmONNBORdYTVe8h4iILNqzmT4nSRn2E79cs0xLxqUvSAej-m5ajAHRpb9aiK7uYV-RYQK7C_gJq5Q6cS41DzduK8H45B0Yw2tjAX6TnM0/s320/O_Magazine_cover.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Photo: O, The Oprah Magazine</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /> </div>In add-on to producing a monthly impress magazine, "O, The Oprah Magazine," Oprah has committed herself to bringing high lineament production to both the big as well as niggling screen. Harpo Studios produces "The Oprah Winfrey Show" as well as has produced film productions. This includes the ABC Theater Presentation of "There Are No Children Here" (1993), and the mini-series "The Women of Brewster Place" (1989), based on the mass yesteryear author Gloria Naylor. In 2005, the idiot box celluloid movie "There Eyes Were Watching God," based on the mass of the same bring upward yesteryear American anthropologist, writer, as well as folklorist Zora Neale Hurston, was every bit good produced yesteryear Harpo Studios.<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVoL-4uM6MiNFmCcK3sgtI44mEJwYcHMwAC9Vi1ejEz8VdtV3XhP7f_bwLLxI5C6hiRR395cBbIOKbGdMGkT95Gs2c2NoGAKPdngGXy3bevxGody9Fm5LcXuGfBoByPbbk1NlICYColXQ/s1600-h/Oprah_Winfrey.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" kt="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVoL-4uM6MiNFmCcK3sgtI44mEJwYcHMwAC9Vi1ejEz8VdtV3XhP7f_bwLLxI5C6hiRR395cBbIOKbGdMGkT95Gs2c2NoGAKPdngGXy3bevxGody9Fm5LcXuGfBoByPbbk1NlICYColXQ/s320/Oprah_Winfrey.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Photo: Oprah Gaile Winfrey (born Jan 29, 1954) at her </b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>50th birthday political party at </b></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Hotel Bel-Air, Los Angeles (2004)</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><b>Championing Education Among Black South Africans</b><br /> <br /> In Jan 2007, Winfrey investment of fourth dimension and $40 million resulted inward the opening of the <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=nelson-rolihlahla-mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> praised Winfrey for overcoming her challenging atmospheric condition as well as growing to endure of service to others.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" kt="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWAKQKClAqlWwc1JnmrFz9HNSCRQ0DvPM4kJqbabwCIFILlcVMTpwSvHWXWk8ZfimKZyJpxDHIhsMR_bZC5G5WZ6_TY4K2eECAhS_nsdWSULUvEtLnhDkU-20yqIkoMbnrD5T4AyAq6jM/s320/oprah+academy.png" /></div></div>

Black Media Mogul: Oprah Winfrey

Photo: Oprah Winfrey on the U.S. Presidential drive trail with Chicagoans Barack as well as Michelle Obama Originally named "Orpah&quo...

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Black Suriname: African Maroon Societies Inwards S America

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAy3UMB4oWfgzBQddTCLRDOZyOImMdQSF78D4XAXYyFfpbtWCSJqXc9NICEvbbq7O-3Z_MwtY6_d7p5wnhfGbkKvz05aZgLt60We56K6zUVhwu_KRsVWz1eOeSQXq8BtE26HVGKCf2cdo/s1600-h/JamaicanMaroons.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" kt="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAy3UMB4oWfgzBQddTCLRDOZyOImMdQSF78D4XAXYyFfpbtWCSJqXc9NICEvbbq7O-3Z_MwtY6_d7p5wnhfGbkKvz05aZgLt60We56K6zUVhwu_KRsVWz1eOeSQXq8BtE26HVGKCf2cdo/s1600/JamaicanMaroons.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Maroon communities inward the so-called New World were gratis Africans, to a greater extent than oft than non from </b></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Western Africa, </b></span><b style="font-size: small;">who managed to escape European enslavement. This painting depicts </b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Jamaican Maroons waiting to ambush </b></span><b style="font-size: small;">an approaching British military settlement</b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Image: cir. 1795, painting past times J. Bourgoin, courtesy </span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">of The Virginia Foundation for the Humanities)</span> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> African Maroon or Black Maroon societies are historically known to accept existed throughout the Americas: from the Carolina islands of the U.S. to the Florida peninsula of the United States, to the mountains of Jamaica into the Suriname (fka Dutch Guiana) jungles. Maroon communities equally good existed in <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=zumbi-dos-palmares">Brazil</a> too <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=zumbi-dos-palmares">Mexico</a>. The Maroons were enslaved Africans captured past times European slavers for forced plantation operate inward the New World.<br /> <br /> Through revolt, the enslaved African became fugitive slaves too banded into refugee African communities throughout the Americas too Caribbean, developing split upward from European settlers. Among the oldest known Maroons were from the portion straightaway called Suriname inward northeastern South America. African Maroon societies developed inward Suriname equally early on equally the 17th Century.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAxQljx8-ZNQUSFjd3yIHULaaOnTEOrt1ERaMlZFqx-aZW9jeBcVgFZ_23D5F_ZdTVr88u_Bs8QrAN0BKkS-YSp3pmcxjgfWMfBO5htddY1eyvqJy-uPrQAsogWMjxJ_QsUmeroQEfvZg/s1600/Photo+of+Ndyuka+tribesmen+of+Suriname.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAxQljx8-ZNQUSFjd3yIHULaaOnTEOrt1ERaMlZFqx-aZW9jeBcVgFZ_23D5F_ZdTVr88u_Bs8QrAN0BKkS-YSp3pmcxjgfWMfBO5htddY1eyvqJy-uPrQAsogWMjxJ_QsUmeroQEfvZg/s1600/Photo+of+Ndyuka+tribesmen+of+Suriname.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo of Ndyuka tribes men of Suriname</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <b>Africans of Suriname: Djuka too Saramaka</b><br /> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The historical documentary below was shot inward what was too hence known equally Dutch Guiana by James A. Fitzpatricks for <i>TravelTalks: Voice of the Globe</i>. It provides a snapshot of the life of a grouping of kidnapped too purchased West Africans who chose to flee Dutch plantation slavery inward South America. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 1976 report past times Richard Price states that at that spot were half-dozen African Maroon groups inward Suriname, dividing them into 2 top dog groups on the reason of cultural too linguistic differences, equally good equally location: (1) the Eastern Tribes, consisting of the Ndyuka (Aucaner, Awka), the Aluku (Aluku nenge, Boni), too the Paramaka (Paramacca); too (2) the Central Tribes, consisting of the Saramaka (Saramacca), the Matawai, too the Kwinti (cf. the tribal distribution map inward Price 1976: 5). The Djuka too Saramaka are the largest African identify unit of measurement groups. The Aluku, Matawai, too Paramaka are much smaller inward number. The smallest tribe is the Kwinti, alongside fewer than 500 people.</div> <br /> <div align="center"> <object height="244" width="325"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/B3AfV__zcjo&hl=en_US&fs=1&"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/B3AfV__zcjo&hl=en_US&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="325" height="244"></embed></object></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Among the early on anthropological plain studies of New World African tribes were amid the Djuka. In 1961, Dutch historians published substantial ethnographic resources. Additionally, full general ethnographic interrogation amid the Saramaka identify unit of measurement grouping was conducted past times Richard too Sally Price inward 1966-68, too briefly inward 1974-75.<br /> <i><br /> </i></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjkLdEjW5c3TYoEJmoqcrd9iBU4GiN5mPD7Gr9eH7j5qvFt5NdtqKG-ngq3r6oq7ntsCetb3Na0IB_Pwev4gLcNKpui-_0zbfWXkFx36QXIjj4HdiC2yrqZpxcibgqkjLYyfmIt1ksWzc/s1600-h/surinam.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" kt="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjkLdEjW5c3TYoEJmoqcrd9iBU4GiN5mPD7Gr9eH7j5qvFt5NdtqKG-ngq3r6oq7ntsCetb3Na0IB_Pwev4gLcNKpui-_0zbfWXkFx36QXIjj4HdiC2yrqZpxcibgqkjLYyfmIt1ksWzc/s320/surinam.bmp" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b>Map of Suriname inward South America</b></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> For the most part, the Djuka alive along the interior rivers <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=zumbi-dos-palmares" target="_blank">Suriname</a>. After a one-half century of guerrilla warfare against colonial too European troops, Maroons of Suriname signed treaties alongside the Dutch colonial regime inward the 1760s, enabling them to alive independently. Some commentators nation that the policy of autonomy has changed inward the past times few decades. The Djuka population increased markedly during the eighteenth too nineteenth centuries. Growing numbers are straightaway living inward too roughly Paramaribo, the capitol of Suriname, too they equally good look to last expanding eastward into following French Guiana. See equally good Journey Man Pictures' YouTube video documentary/commentary, <i><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZeeSi2mu9vc&NR=1&feature=fvwp%20">Defending the Secret Slave State - Suriname</a>.</i></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <object height="244" width="325"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/D8ygT-OF204&hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0&color1=0x3a3a3a&color2=0x999999"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/D8ygT-OF204&hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0&color1=0x3a3a3a&color2=0x999999" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="325" height="244"></embed></object></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b><i>For farther reading nearly African Maroon cultures inward the Americas: </i></b></div> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 20px;"><b>More from BHH Blog: <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=zumbi-dos-palmares" target="_blank">Africans inward Brazil: Zumbi dos Palmares</a>  Zumbi Leads the Quilombo Resistance</b></span></span></span> </li> <li><i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Herskovits, Melville Jean, too Herskovits, Frances S., “Rebel destiny: amid the Bush Negroes of Dutch Guiana, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1934. 366 p. illus., maps.</span></i></li> <li><i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Hurault, Jean, “Etude demographique comparee des Indiens Oayana et des noirs refugies Boni du Haut-Maroni” (Guyane Francaise) [Comparative demographic report of the Oyana Indians too the Boni refugee Blacks of the Upper Maroni (French Guiana). Population, fourteen (1959): p. 509-534.</span></i></li> <li><i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Kobben, Andre J. F, “Participation too quantification; plain operate amid the Djuka (Bush Negroes of Surinam).” In D. G. Jongmans too P.C. W. Gutkind, eds. Anthropologists inward the Field. Assen, Van Gorcum, 1967.</span></i></li> <li><i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Kobben, Andre J. F. Review of Jean Hurault 1961, “Les Noirs Refugies Boni de la Guyane Francaise. Caribbean Area Studies,” (1965): p. 63-65.</span></i></li> <li><i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Price, Richard, “The Guiana Maroons: a historical too bibliographical introduction.” Baltimore too London, the Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976.</span></i></li> </ul> </div>

Black Suriname: African Maroon Societies Inwards S America

Maroon communities inward the so-called New World were gratis Africans, to a greater extent than oft than non from  Western Africa,  w...

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Alexander Crummell: Founder Of The American Negro Academy

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf5mLxynHMp6Bzs6PGWV-bWmufuruwZjPLnIsiRORzBJMQ9z9ixjANJwu4W53wTOBkilHMoNLvffQFmI7emnWQuwziqbp0bTc_leK76A-MtH6DDv8lAOFRf8HpW-dfITnnb1mTg0GSM9w/s1600-h/crummell.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" kt="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf5mLxynHMp6Bzs6PGWV-bWmufuruwZjPLnIsiRORzBJMQ9z9ixjANJwu4W53wTOBkilHMoNLvffQFmI7emnWQuwziqbp0bTc_leK76A-MtH6DDv8lAOFRf8HpW-dfITnnb1mTg0GSM9w/s200/crummell.jpg" width="441" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Photo: Alexander Crummell (b. March 3, 1819 - 1898)</span></b></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Alexander Crummell, A.B., D.D., LL.D was born March 3, 1819 inwards New York City. He was friend as well as mentor to W.E.B. Du Bois as well as an outspoken social commentator as well as clergyman in nineteenth century America. He founded the American Negro Academy as well as became a  critic of his contemporary Booker T. Washington. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> "His father, Boston Crummell, was the boy of a West African main inwards Timanee. On his maternal side, Crummell’s ancestors had been gratis residents inwards New York for generations," according to the <a href="http://www.gale.cengage.com/pdf/scguides/crummell/crummellintro.pdf">Alexander Crummell Collection</a>, published past times Scholarly Resources, Inc. His granddaddy is said to bring been a chief inside the Vey tribe of West Africa.</div> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"> "<i>And, lastly, our boys as well as girls almost universally grow upwards without trades, looking forward, if they create facial expression forward, many of them, to beingness servants as well as waiters; as well as many more, I am afraid, expecting to perish a living past times adventure as well as hap-hazard.</i></div> </blockquote> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <i>Doubtless some of you lot volition nation that the colored people are non the alone people at error inwards these respects; that the American people, inwards general, are running wild most the higher civilization -- are neglecting trades as well as merchanism, as well as are leaving the to a greater extent than practical as well as laborious duties of life to foreigners."</i></div> </blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Excerpt from <i>Civilization & Black Progress: Selected Writings of Alexander Crummell on the South</i>, edited past times J. R. Oldfield, p. 136, University Press of Virginia (Charlottesville as well as London), from The Publications of the Southern Texts Society Collection (First Edition 1995). </div> <div style="text-align: justify;">   </div>   <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEtGYR32ugZg9U6TDUMrzYlwJ8NOJgXm9mpjbJUMi0O2XHYsjs8tkwyAhGIQbuoDAZxfR_yFZxmrNLHyxY8kqZbr9isvsmjehBiUfllubhrRMrSXZtcBWR3O8m5huLjufmNjKQxjjVcIM/s1600-h/american_negro_academy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" kt="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEtGYR32ugZg9U6TDUMrzYlwJ8NOJgXm9mpjbJUMi0O2XHYsjs8tkwyAhGIQbuoDAZxfR_yFZxmrNLHyxY8kqZbr9isvsmjehBiUfllubhrRMrSXZtcBWR3O8m5huLjufmNjKQxjjVcIM/s320/american_negro_academy.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Photo: American Negro Academy Members includes a seated W.E.B. DuBois.</b></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Crummell's American Negro Academy was an association of Africans from some the world. It was among the early on societies of global Africans that would associate for progress of African people. The academy would advocate the “Talented Tenth” concept afterward articulated inwards Earth writings of W.E.B. DuBois, i of the academy's founding members. Crummell's members inwards Republic of Liberia as well as Sierra Leone would pave the agency for W.E.B. DuBois edifice associations betwixt Blacks inwards America as well as Blacks inwards Africa.<br /> <br /> Further reference: "Encyclopedia of Missions," past times Harry New-comb; as well as inwards a sketch called "Africa inwards Brief," past times the Rev. J. J. Coles, missionary to the Vey tribes inwards Africa.</div> </div>

Alexander Crummell: Founder Of The American Negro Academy

Photo: Alexander Crummell (b. March 3, 1819 - 1898) Alexander Crummell, A.B., D.D., LL.D was born March 3, 1819 inwards New York City....

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