Africans Inwards Brazil: Zumbi Dos Palmares

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <strong><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></strong><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjra4_OjKgZz1PgU5wg5_v_y18hT-i0_6HNQfj3o2cHrvk7mCM6zu3LFDmoac9cAWcqFM8r6-nPCeu31KxBDVbi2QIdhBcFsmMexoD1Is-yiQTz6fT_M5TbHKfP8ubCWNqO0NwZLJ9T4pw/s1600/zumbi+dos+palmares.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" gu="true" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjra4_OjKgZz1PgU5wg5_v_y18hT-i0_6HNQfj3o2cHrvk7mCM6zu3LFDmoac9cAWcqFM8r6-nPCeu31KxBDVbi2QIdhBcFsmMexoD1Is-yiQTz6fT_M5TbHKfP8ubCWNqO0NwZLJ9T4pw/s200/zumbi+dos+palmares.jpg" width="160" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong>Zumbi dos Palmares</strong></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong>(born: 1655 - died: 1694)</strong></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Zumbi dos Palmares was born costless inward the Palmares portion of Brazil inward the twelvemonth 1655, the terminal of the armed forces leaders of the Quilombo (Kimbundu word: "<a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=african-maroon-societies-in-americas">maroons</a>, or refugee slave), an onetime South American republic, which included the introduce twenty-four hours Brazilian coastal nation of Alagoas, Brazil. Today, Zumbi is known every bit i of the corking historic leaders of Brazil.<br /> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">  <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7RK-lz9pKv4OYVxDl87WYkwBDGrZc4NovKxumnNZTSJd3ZCRHmWKA9VQE_1DJrIrl53gAVeGV24LggWkRr-ny9qsM4UB6T1rIZ8LAAeh0nvv072GtHSLUDmWXSjNa1-R8eELW5DGFvHs/s1600/i%C3%B3+in+the+State+of+Alagoas.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" gu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7RK-lz9pKv4OYVxDl87WYkwBDGrZc4NovKxumnNZTSJd3ZCRHmWKA9VQE_1DJrIrl53gAVeGV24LggWkRr-ny9qsM4UB6T1rIZ8LAAeh0nvv072GtHSLUDmWXSjNa1-R8eELW5DGFvHs/s320/i%C3%B3+in+the+State+of+Alagoas.png" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Brazilian Coastal State of Alagoas</span></strong></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> At around half dozen years old, Zumbi was captured from the Palmares portion yesteryear the Portuguese in addition to given every bit a slave to a Portuguese priest, António Melo. Baptized Francisco, Zumbi was taught Latin, the Portuguese religious belief in addition to language, in addition to assigned to serve the Catholic mass. In 1670, at fifteen years old, Zumbi escaped and returned to his birthplace where he presently became known every bit a Capoërae / Capoiera master copy inward the roda (wheel or circle) of Palmares' practioners of this African martial art. By his early on twenties, he became a respected armed forces strategist.</div> <br /> <b>Quilombo dos Palmares Republic</b><br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Quilombo dos Palmares was a self-sustaining commonwealth of maroons located inward "a portion mayhap the size of Portugal inward the hinterland of Bahia" (Braudel 1984). The Bahia - Alagoas portion of Brazil is where this costless African village was located. At its elevation inward the early on 1600s, Palmares had a population of over 30,000. By 1630, it was described yesteryear the commentators every bit "the Promised Land" for escaped African slaves. King Ganga Zumba of Palmares offered emancipation for slaves entering its territories.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In 1644, the Dutch invaded the northeastern portion but, as the Portuguese had failed before, the European  insurrections failed to penetrate Palmares. </div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtN8xO4peB-7X7ISTxTxsNHd9BVG5b5hRREnHAB_XGMtHMsSTk-7yzbjNBFNmL5rE-nDKLLKA7wUjEBOpfKgnfJnuYsS7NJ_8FpWPJ4dJd36E3nj2jBTqtbXc2t8F3OWtvHkEW-MC8LRI/s1600/palmares.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" gu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtN8xO4peB-7X7ISTxTxsNHd9BVG5b5hRREnHAB_XGMtHMsSTk-7yzbjNBFNmL5rE-nDKLLKA7wUjEBOpfKgnfJnuYsS7NJ_8FpWPJ4dJd36E3nj2jBTqtbXc2t8F3OWtvHkEW-MC8LRI/s320/palmares.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Quilombos of Palmares</span></strong></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> By 1654, the Portuguese expelled the Dutch from the region, many of whom relocated to <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=african-maroon-societies-in-americas">Suriname</a>. The Palmares armed forces were proficient inward the Capoeira self defense, oftentimes described as the fine art of escape. They were forced to defend against repeated attacks yesteryear Portuguese colonizers seeking costless task for growing saccharide plantations. Many of the escaping Africans from the Portuguese colony originated from the Angolan portion inward south-central Africa, in addition to thence under Portuguese colonization.<br /> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8CN_WvQcBIu8gLUkuKhAyvuqwrDLyooBJJEDykpkzN_q82JczgBuWkPMP4tzESeI8legEYL400QTEiwGgVzB_XRSEInJNJRPNMDEfP1fHUrkDkUdLLuC0KiVwFt9ph6XF_mxsIy2RjyE/s1600/Roda+Jogar+Capo%C3%ABra+-+Danse+de+la+guerre.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" gu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8CN_WvQcBIu8gLUkuKhAyvuqwrDLyooBJJEDykpkzN_q82JczgBuWkPMP4tzESeI8legEYL400QTEiwGgVzB_XRSEInJNJRPNMDEfP1fHUrkDkUdLLuC0KiVwFt9ph6XF_mxsIy2RjyE/s320/Roda+Jogar+Capo%C3%ABra+-+Danse+de+la+guerre.jpg" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>"Jogar Capoërae - Danse de la guerre (Playing Capoiera - Dance of war)" </strong></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>was painted yesteryear High German painter Johann Moritz Rugendas inward 1835.</strong></span></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio5vWY-W4IC1ohbOvqXYOq-PDcpJo5HwWWc-BiFSFAQxnQLnquc1WlLU-LcFc8N1kDePhCIZjVsa4ZMwXmd90IFmO7WH_oDPTHA11EmZ_UID52v2jC5HPAfqyQr9RT3wrJ9xU3Vt_QoJA/s1600/capoeira.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" gu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio5vWY-W4IC1ohbOvqXYOq-PDcpJo5HwWWc-BiFSFAQxnQLnquc1WlLU-LcFc8N1kDePhCIZjVsa4ZMwXmd90IFmO7WH_oDPTHA11EmZ_UID52v2jC5HPAfqyQr9RT3wrJ9xU3Vt_QoJA/s320/capoeira.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">A 21st Century epitome of Brazilian Capoeira</span></strong></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> By 1678, Pedro Almeida, the weary governor of Pernambuco approached the Palmares leader King Ganga Zumba for negotiations. Almeida agreed to concede all runaway slaves residing inward the Palmares regions if Palmares would submit to Portuguese rule. King Ganga Zumba favored the compromise but Zumbi did non because the Portuguese would non concur to costless all the human slaves inward the Portuguese colonial region.<br /> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Before King Ganga Zumba's death, Zumbi commanded the leadership of the independent Quilombos dos Palmares, becoming the commander-in-chief of its resistence. Fifteen years later Zumbi assumed armed forces leadership of Palmares, Portuguese colonial armed forces commanders from the São Paulo region -- Domingos Jorge Velho in addition to Bernardo Vieira de Melo -- mounted a armed forces assault against Palmares. By 1680, Zumbi of Palmares reigned against the Portuguese. </div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgft6f4vuQrgWcDFcBZLPt4lY6ZlSHNK0Yd9jaimwHqJYvJFC8b6kubg4CbIhvyiuEDc9weyp8kOU8xUCNtN2Hlp_YmXiI5jXbmCq0o7ho7uWp5hc8tFj6e-rYhUw74HdrRTVBzDNfnaRc/s1600/Quilombo+de+San+Gon%C3%A7alo+1769.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" gu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgft6f4vuQrgWcDFcBZLPt4lY6ZlSHNK0Yd9jaimwHqJYvJFC8b6kubg4CbIhvyiuEDc9weyp8kOU8xUCNtN2Hlp_YmXiI5jXbmCq0o7ho7uWp5hc8tFj6e-rYhUw74HdrRTVBzDNfnaRc/s320/Quilombo+de+San+Gon%C3%A7alo+1769.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Quilombo de San Gonçalo 1769 (National Library of Brazil). </span></strong></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Quilombo settlements were designed inside a circle, every bit was </span></strong></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">the dance/martial-art of Capoiera. </span></strong></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Capoiera circle is called the Roda.</span></strong></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <b>Zumbi Leads the Quilombo Resistance</b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> Zumbi eluded the Portuguese in addition to continued the Quilombo resistance. Commentators accept written that he was betrayed yesteryear a captured Quilombo who led the Portugese of São Paulo (<em>Paulistas</em>) to Zumbi's hideout. In whatsoever case, led yesteryear Domingos Jorge Velho in addition to Vieira de Mello, on Feb 6, 1694, later 67 years armed forces conflict alongside Palmares, the Portuguese eventually destroyed the Palmares compound <em>Cerca create Macaco</em> ("monkey enclosure"). While the Quilombo remained inward the Palmares region, Zumbi was captured in addition to killed on Nov 20, 1695. His caput is said to accept been shipped to Recife, Brazil where it was displayed inward the cardinal <em>praça</em> every bit proof that Zumbi was non immortal in addition to every bit a alarm to other African resistance fighters. </div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Nov 20 has been celebrated inward Brazil every bit Black Awareness Day (or Black Conscious Day, portuegese: <em>Dia Nacional da Consciência Negra</em>) since the 1960s. The twenty-four hours has exceptional pregnant inward laurels of Zumbi -- a dark hero in addition to liberty fighter. Additionally, May xiii is the national vacation inward Brazil inward laurels of the Abolition of Slavery inward Brazil inward 1850.  <br /> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3-jCuOz1R4RkQo9ZRVjkqzYGKG7TOwNkdIT1Op3ArVxJOy_HrqSxm16Pb50pOOxbAb36tzXQjil1N2DVyNSJMHyg2_bnzPAR2yoYtFCr3wWjxLNWmeA9whqD4fYoNlhwRl2T33OMvzpU/s1600/Zumbi+dos+Palmares+International+Airport+in+Macei%C3%B3" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" gu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3-jCuOz1R4RkQo9ZRVjkqzYGKG7TOwNkdIT1Op3ArVxJOy_HrqSxm16Pb50pOOxbAb36tzXQjil1N2DVyNSJMHyg2_bnzPAR2yoYtFCr3wWjxLNWmeA9whqD4fYoNlhwRl2T33OMvzpU/s320/Zumbi+dos+Palmares+International+Airport+in+Macei%C3%B3" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Zumbi dos Palmares International Airport inward Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil</span></strong></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>Zumbi dos Palmares International Airport (IATA: MCZ, ICAO: SBMO) </strong></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>is an international drome serving Maceió inward Brazil. This modern drome </strong></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>connects Maceió alongside </strong></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong>various Brazilian cities in addition to likewise operates international flights.</strong></span></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6rTpVyz8JTyv5rLQS38lNaDu5zqor9sag2nVHUeA8uNSxUE41X0o9fBnQHZJVAm4yoHE0_37jEg9CgaKgndGr9HC2jFPnbDmmsrwHtKPCUxlgK4IR-DxrhrQyt-UVbItI0wYEP11PyDE/s1600/Maceio_Alagoas_Brasil.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" gu="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6rTpVyz8JTyv5rLQS38lNaDu5zqor9sag2nVHUeA8uNSxUE41X0o9fBnQHZJVAm4yoHE0_37jEg9CgaKgndGr9HC2jFPnbDmmsrwHtKPCUxlgK4IR-DxrhrQyt-UVbItI0wYEP11PyDE/s320/Maceio_Alagoas_Brasil.bmp" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong><span style="font-size: x-small;">Beaches of Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil</span></strong></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <strong><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /> </span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Further research: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 1984 cinema directed yesteryear Carlos Diegues tells the storey of Quilombo dos Palmares. Its star actors are Antonio Pomeu, Zezé Motta, Tony Tornado, in addition to Vera Fischer.</div> <br /></div>

Africans Inwards Brazil: Zumbi Dos Palmares

Zumbi dos Palmares (born: 1655 - died: 1694) Zumbi dos Palmares was born costless inward the Palmares portion of Brazil inward the twelvemonth 1655, the terminal of the armed forces leaders o…

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Black Suriname: African Maroon Societies Inwards S America

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAy3UMB4oWfgzBQddTCLRDOZyOImMdQSF78D4XAXYyFfpbtWCSJqXc9NICEvbbq7O-3Z_MwtY6_d7p5wnhfGbkKvz05aZgLt60We56K6zUVhwu_KRsVWz1eOeSQXq8BtE26HVGKCf2cdo/s1600-h/JamaicanMaroons.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" kt="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAy3UMB4oWfgzBQddTCLRDOZyOImMdQSF78D4XAXYyFfpbtWCSJqXc9NICEvbbq7O-3Z_MwtY6_d7p5wnhfGbkKvz05aZgLt60We56K6zUVhwu_KRsVWz1eOeSQXq8BtE26HVGKCf2cdo/s1600/JamaicanMaroons.jpg" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Maroon communities inward the so-called New World were gratis Africans, to a greater extent than oft than non from </b></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Western Africa, </b></span><b style="font-size: small;">who managed to escape European enslavement. This painting depicts </b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Jamaican Maroons waiting to ambush </b></span><b style="font-size: small;">an approaching British military settlement</b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Image: cir. 1795, painting past times J. Bourgoin, courtesy </span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">of The Virginia Foundation for the Humanities)</span> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> African Maroon or Black Maroon societies are historically known to accept existed throughout the Americas: from the Carolina islands of the U.S. to the Florida peninsula of the United States, to the mountains of Jamaica into the Suriname (fka Dutch Guiana) jungles. Maroon communities equally good existed in <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=zumbi-dos-palmares">Brazil</a> too <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=zumbi-dos-palmares">Mexico</a>. The Maroons were enslaved Africans captured past times European slavers for forced plantation operate inward the New World.<br /> <br /> Through revolt, the enslaved African became fugitive slaves too banded into refugee African communities throughout the Americas too Caribbean, developing split upward from European settlers. Among the oldest known Maroons were from the portion straightaway called Suriname inward northeastern South America. African Maroon societies developed inward Suriname equally early on equally the 17th Century.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAxQljx8-ZNQUSFjd3yIHULaaOnTEOrt1ERaMlZFqx-aZW9jeBcVgFZ_23D5F_ZdTVr88u_Bs8QrAN0BKkS-YSp3pmcxjgfWMfBO5htddY1eyvqJy-uPrQAsogWMjxJ_QsUmeroQEfvZg/s1600/Photo+of+Ndyuka+tribesmen+of+Suriname.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAxQljx8-ZNQUSFjd3yIHULaaOnTEOrt1ERaMlZFqx-aZW9jeBcVgFZ_23D5F_ZdTVr88u_Bs8QrAN0BKkS-YSp3pmcxjgfWMfBO5htddY1eyvqJy-uPrQAsogWMjxJ_QsUmeroQEfvZg/s1600/Photo+of+Ndyuka+tribesmen+of+Suriname.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo of Ndyuka tribes men of Suriname</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <b>Africans of Suriname: Djuka too Saramaka</b><br /> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The historical documentary below was shot inward what was too hence known equally Dutch Guiana by James A. Fitzpatricks for <i>TravelTalks: Voice of the Globe</i>. It provides a snapshot of the life of a grouping of kidnapped too purchased West Africans who chose to flee Dutch plantation slavery inward South America. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 1976 report past times Richard Price states that at that spot were half-dozen African Maroon groups inward Suriname, dividing them into 2 top dog groups on the reason of cultural too linguistic differences, equally good equally location: (1) the Eastern Tribes, consisting of the Ndyuka (Aucaner, Awka), the Aluku (Aluku nenge, Boni), too the Paramaka (Paramacca); too (2) the Central Tribes, consisting of the Saramaka (Saramacca), the Matawai, too the Kwinti (cf. the tribal distribution map inward Price 1976: 5). The Djuka too Saramaka are the largest African identify unit of measurement groups. The Aluku, Matawai, too Paramaka are much smaller inward number. The smallest tribe is the Kwinti, alongside fewer than 500 people.</div> <br /> <div align="center"> <object height="244" width="325"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/B3AfV__zcjo&hl=en_US&fs=1&"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/B3AfV__zcjo&hl=en_US&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="325" height="244"></embed></object></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Among the early on anthropological plain studies of New World African tribes were amid the Djuka. In 1961, Dutch historians published substantial ethnographic resources. Additionally, full general ethnographic interrogation amid the Saramaka identify unit of measurement grouping was conducted past times Richard too Sally Price inward 1966-68, too briefly inward 1974-75.<br /> <i><br /> </i></div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjkLdEjW5c3TYoEJmoqcrd9iBU4GiN5mPD7Gr9eH7j5qvFt5NdtqKG-ngq3r6oq7ntsCetb3Na0IB_Pwev4gLcNKpui-_0zbfWXkFx36QXIjj4HdiC2yrqZpxcibgqkjLYyfmIt1ksWzc/s1600-h/surinam.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" kt="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjkLdEjW5c3TYoEJmoqcrd9iBU4GiN5mPD7Gr9eH7j5qvFt5NdtqKG-ngq3r6oq7ntsCetb3Na0IB_Pwev4gLcNKpui-_0zbfWXkFx36QXIjj4HdiC2yrqZpxcibgqkjLYyfmIt1ksWzc/s320/surinam.bmp" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b>Map of Suriname inward South America</b></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /> For the most part, the Djuka alive along the interior rivers <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=zumbi-dos-palmares" target="_blank">Suriname</a>. After a one-half century of guerrilla warfare against colonial too European troops, Maroons of Suriname signed treaties alongside the Dutch colonial regime inward the 1760s, enabling them to alive independently. Some commentators nation that the policy of autonomy has changed inward the past times few decades. The Djuka population increased markedly during the eighteenth too nineteenth centuries. Growing numbers are straightaway living inward too roughly Paramaribo, the capitol of Suriname, too they equally good look to last expanding eastward into following French Guiana. See equally good Journey Man Pictures' YouTube video documentary/commentary, <i><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZeeSi2mu9vc&NR=1&feature=fvwp%20">Defending the Secret Slave State - Suriname</a>.</i></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <object height="244" width="325"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/D8ygT-OF204&hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0&color1=0x3a3a3a&color2=0x999999"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/D8ygT-OF204&hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0&color1=0x3a3a3a&color2=0x999999" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="325" height="244"></embed></object></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b><i>For farther reading nearly African Maroon cultures inward the Americas: </i></b></div> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="background-color: white; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 20px;"><b>More from BHH Blog: <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=zumbi-dos-palmares" target="_blank">Africans inward Brazil: Zumbi dos Palmares</a>  Zumbi Leads the Quilombo Resistance</b></span></span></span> </li> <li><i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Herskovits, Melville Jean, too Herskovits, Frances S., “Rebel destiny: amid the Bush Negroes of Dutch Guiana, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1934. 366 p. illus., maps.</span></i></li> <li><i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Hurault, Jean, “Etude demographique comparee des Indiens Oayana et des noirs refugies Boni du Haut-Maroni” (Guyane Francaise) [Comparative demographic report of the Oyana Indians too the Boni refugee Blacks of the Upper Maroni (French Guiana). Population, fourteen (1959): p. 509-534.</span></i></li> <li><i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Kobben, Andre J. F, “Participation too quantification; plain operate amid the Djuka (Bush Negroes of Surinam).” In D. G. Jongmans too P.C. W. Gutkind, eds. Anthropologists inward the Field. Assen, Van Gorcum, 1967.</span></i></li> <li><i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Kobben, Andre J. F. Review of Jean Hurault 1961, “Les Noirs Refugies Boni de la Guyane Francaise. Caribbean Area Studies,” (1965): p. 63-65.</span></i></li> <li><i><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Price, Richard, “The Guiana Maroons: a historical too bibliographical introduction.” Baltimore too London, the Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976.</span></i></li> </ul> </div>

Black Suriname: African Maroon Societies Inwards S America

Maroon communities inward the so-called New World were gratis Africans, to a greater extent than oft than non from  Western Africa, who managed to escape European enslavement. This painting depic…

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