Prof. George Wilberforce Kakoma: Evolution Of The Uganda National Anthem

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9nzT9_leB2NRpBgsX3HaOyZDUfGHpIlZkYGH-84PX5-_REi9TaPvRYmEYzTF1riJKwqRB1t1bPOBMnjx-9z13JnHBXEyksKbDeNaPR8vDZVO_xXo_TEV0UXQF33Byi7ToDCXlaGQTKqg/s1600/Photo+of+Professor+George+Wilberforce+Kakoma.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9nzT9_leB2NRpBgsX3HaOyZDUfGHpIlZkYGH-84PX5-_REi9TaPvRYmEYzTF1riJKwqRB1t1bPOBMnjx-9z13JnHBXEyksKbDeNaPR8vDZVO_xXo_TEV0UXQF33Byi7ToDCXlaGQTKqg/s1600/Photo+of+Professor+George+Wilberforce+Kakoma.jpg" /></span></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in; text-align: center;"> <b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"><b>Prof. George Wilberforce Kakoma, musical composer of Uganda's national anthem</b></span></b></div> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> </span><br /> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The exact appointment of George Wilberforce Kakoma's nativity is non clear, but it’s believed that he was born betwixt 1923 as well as 1925 inwards the Southern District of Masaka inwards Republic of Uganda as well as is a Muganda past times tribe. Kakoma is credited with composing the national anthem of the Republic of Uganda.</span></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> </span></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There is something to hold upwards said almost the purpose of a national anthem inwards galvanizing the spirit of a people newly formed equally a nation. This is peculiarly truthful for African nations during the stream of rapid European decolonization. Kakoma's run is an illustration of the powerful purpose of music inwards developing national traditions as well as creating a feel of unity with people from various cultural backgrounds.</span></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> </span></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">From 1894 to 1962, Republic of Uganda was ruled past times Britain, which way it used to hoist the British </span><span style="color: black;">Union Jack as well as used to sing </span>the British National Anthem. As the combat for independence intensified inwards Uganda, it became clear that the province was going to accomplish independence from the British Colonial masters as well as would demand both a national anthem or a national flag that embodied its independence.</span></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> </span><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8ti_jFwcihujc_Q_lmixQIHJzXj9tKew6yZ2xvEPh6sSKk2-Q_kJft9Eh3s9so0MQpB4LHasYsk70enna5W3XKYffKO4ZOl8KQ_9Dkh8pvPjV7h15ADMQC1QFmebm72gfKJQwOmHbMQE/s1600/Photo+of+National+Flag+of+Uganda.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8ti_jFwcihujc_Q_lmixQIHJzXj9tKew6yZ2xvEPh6sSKk2-Q_kJft9Eh3s9so0MQpB4LHasYsk70enna5W3XKYffKO4ZOl8KQ_9Dkh8pvPjV7h15ADMQC1QFmebm72gfKJQwOmHbMQE/s320/Photo+of+National+Flag+of+Uganda.gif" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b>Image of national flag of Uganda</b></div> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> </span></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Prior to independence, a subcommittee for the creation of national anthem was set up. It was 1 of the 3 sub-committees established to bargain with Uganda’s national symbols. </span></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> Professor Senteza Kajubi was the chairman of the committees. The sub-committee organized a country-wide publicity travail for original compositions. Ugandans were encouraged to submit their pieces. </span></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> </span></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">“The compositions had to hold upwards short, original, solemn, praising as well as looking forrard to the future,” said Professor Kajubi.</span></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> Many people participated inwards the music contest but the commission was non satisfied. Prof. Kajubi decided to seek assist from George Wilberforce Kakoma, thence a renowned inspector of schools as well as a music instructor inwards Masaka District to “save” the commission because they did non convey a national anthem. </span></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> </span><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho2ly5b6wLkFsa48Lk-zwMffKuRAacEihjki8omW4yK_R3ziPUO9_BgeLdqI1gR_6STbAh6HSg9-h5k_B1dX5cjFvTa9tMJdCyxPctpwoOg3vEnZwgAE24E9EfuaX-uQRs1phEBZJkrWw/s1600/Professor++Kakoma+composer+of+the+Music+of+the+Uganda+National+Anthem.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho2ly5b6wLkFsa48Lk-zwMffKuRAacEihjki8omW4yK_R3ziPUO9_BgeLdqI1gR_6STbAh6HSg9-h5k_B1dX5cjFvTa9tMJdCyxPctpwoOg3vEnZwgAE24E9EfuaX-uQRs1phEBZJkrWw/s320/Professor++Kakoma+composer+of+the+Music+of+the+Uganda+National+Anthem.jpg" width="255" /></span></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"><b>Photo: Professor George Wilberforce Kakoma</b></span></b></div> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> </span></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">According to Kakoma, a foreign tune rang continuously inwards his caput at night, disrupting his sleep. He decided to wake upwards as well as seat pen to paper.</span></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> </span></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">“I sat downwards as well as looked through what I had ciphered during the nighttime hours. I worked on those ideas till midday.” </span><br /> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> </span></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0.02in; margin-top: 0.02in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The events leading to the composition of the anthem were summarized inwards the 2008 instance filed past times Prof George William Kakoma, thence a graduate of Trinity College of Music as well as professor at the Durham University inwards London, <span style="font-size: small;"><i>Prof. George W. Kakoma v. The Attorney General</i></span><span style="font-size: small;"> (Civil Suit No.197 Of 2008) [2010] UGHC xl (30 July 2010). Kakoma</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> sued the regime of Republic of Uganda for non rewarding his efforts upwards to the fourth dimension of the instance filing as well as the non payment of royalties arising from the playing of the national anthem. The instance inwards business office provided the following:</span></span></span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> </div> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That early on inwards 1962 an opened upwards contest for the composing of our National Anthem was advertised.</span></i></li> <li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That no weather condition were attached to the would-be winning entry.</span></i></li> <li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That his was declared the winner.</span></i></li> <li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That he was given a token of Shs.2,000/= equally a score of appreciation.</span></i></li> <li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That a twelvemonth or 2 later, the regime realizing this was copyright material, wrote bespeak him to give upwards his copyright to them.</span></i></li> <li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That he referred the thing to his lawyers who responded as well as wrote dorsum to the Government demanding a fee of 5000 exclusively earlier he could sign off his copyright. That the political turmoil that followed left the thing unsettled until Idi Amin’s regime came to power.</span></i></li> <li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That inwards Jan 1975 he went into self-exile with his menage unit of measurement as well as taught at Kenyatta University until NRA regime came to ability inwards 1986, when at that topographic point was the adventure to convey the thing raised again.</span></i></li> <li><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That the Ministry of Justice took upwards the thing as well as presented a Cabinet Memo which was turned downwards on a flimsy Earth that compensating him would practise a precedent.</span></i></li> </ol> <div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The tune was composed past times Prof. Kakoma but the lyrics (or words) were composed past times Peter Wyngard, Kakoma’s personal friend as well as a lecturer at Makerere Institute of Education.</span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> </span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The evolution as well as resolution of this legal instance inwards Uganda's courts also demonstrates of import developments of the application of the dominion of police generally, as well as the recognition of intellectual belongings rights specifically, inwards Uganda.</span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> </span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="290" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/saRuTA2a59c" title="Prof. George Wilberforce Kakoma: Development of the Republic of Uganda National Anthem" width="380"></iframe></span></div> <blockquote> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><b>The National Anthem of Uganda</b></span><span style="color: black;"><b><br /> </b></span><span style="color: black;"><b><br /> </b></span><i></i></span><br /> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal;"><i></i></span></i></div> <div align="justify" style="display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <i><i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Oh Republic of Uganda may God uphold thee,</i></span></i></i></div> <i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></i><br /> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>We lay our futurity inwards thy hand,</i></span></i></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>United gratis for liberty</i></span></i></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Together we’ll ever stand.</i></span></i></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> </span></i></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Oh Republic of Uganda the terra firma of freedom,</i></span></i></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Our love as well as labour nosotros give,</i></span></i></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>And with neighbours all,</i></span></i></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>At our country’s call</i></span></i></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>In peace as well as friendship we’ll live</i></span></i></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /> </span></i></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Oh Republic of Uganda the terra firma that feeds us,</i></span></i></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>By Sun as well as fertile soil grown,</i></span></i></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>For our ain dearest land,</i></span></i></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <i><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>We shall ever stand,</i></span></i></div> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><i>The pearl of Africa’s crown</i></span><span style="color: black;">.</span></span></i></div> </blockquote> <div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">With special thanks, this postal service has been prepared inwards swell business office past times <b>Moses G. Byaruhanga, Esq.</b>, Advocate/Attorney at Bar, <b><a href="http://shonubimusoke.co.ug/">Shonubi, Musoke & Co. Advocates</a></b> in Uganda.</span><br /> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br /> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Post note: On Apr 8, 2012, Professor George Wilberforce Kakoma died at the historic stream of 89. He was set to balance inwards his habitation district of Wakiso inwards Uganda) </span></div> </div>

Prof. George Wilberforce Kakoma: Evolution Of The Uganda National Anthem

Prof. George Wilberforce Kakoma, musical composer of Uganda's national anthem The exact appointment of George Wilberforce Kako...

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Black History Network Mixer Inwards Los Angeles

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz7Q9GzluTeEIb2RYHUqLCZR91FjxqeZTBDC0kIe5Ljtk95o7DnUYX9NuqaY95ZApgx38UHRt3PJ_7sa4VUlr5ePmEpri1j3GFUCs2s09wBOORxxIltxFnjM3lL1XwH5DPkLK6UTscBso/s1600/Photo+of+Oviatt_Building_Entrance.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" l6="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz7Q9GzluTeEIb2RYHUqLCZR91FjxqeZTBDC0kIe5Ljtk95o7DnUYX9NuqaY95ZApgx38UHRt3PJ_7sa4VUlr5ePmEpri1j3GFUCs2s09wBOORxxIltxFnjM3lL1XwH5DPkLK6UTscBso/s1600/Photo+of+Oviatt_Building_Entrance.jpg" /></a></div><strong></strong><br /> <blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><strong>The 2011 Black History Network Mixer was held on Feb 24, 2011 at the Cicada Club, the historic 1928 fine art deco James Oviatt Building, an architectural pattern jewel inward downtown L.A. (entrance shown). </strong></div></blockquote></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd3dhUsTo3MLz-qRsavVMFhMsiXwRqNYIUrUSr39cJ9D58-F62BPj9PIbbWPlJPx7s79onHC_sGh-OrzLIvBUsdZc_Qljxe3l1r6p5EZ0pABdA6CQUIrypgU8tTXhlcUr84l4IHQvclHw/s1600/black+history+network+mixer+in+los+angeles.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="91" l6="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd3dhUsTo3MLz-qRsavVMFhMsiXwRqNYIUrUSr39cJ9D58-F62BPj9PIbbWPlJPx7s79onHC_sGh-OrzLIvBUsdZc_Qljxe3l1r6p5EZ0pABdA6CQUIrypgU8tTXhlcUr84l4IHQvclHw/s320/black+history+network+mixer+in+los+angeles.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> L.A.'s Black History Network Mixer was the co-sponsored result of the next v organizations: <br /> <br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="http://www.labmba.org/"><span style="color: #38761d;"><strong>National Black MBA Association, Los Angeles Chapter</strong></span></a></li> <li><a href="http://www.langstonbar.org/"><span style="color: #38761d;"><strong>John M. Langston Bar Association of Los Angeles</strong></span></a></li> <li><a href="http://www.laul.org/yp/"><span style="color: #38761d;"><strong>Los Angeles Urban League Young Professionals</strong></span></a></li> <li><a href="http://www.nabsp.com/nabsp/"><span style="color: #38761d;"><strong>National Association of Black Sports Professionals</strong></span></a></li> <li><a href="http://www.nabainc.org/"><span style="color: #38761d;"><strong>National Association of Black Accountants, Inc.</strong></span></a></li> </ul><br /> During the class of the evening, the mixer drew a huge plow out amid LA.'s dark professionals. Attendees included Langston Bar Association President Gilda Clift Breland, Esq. The Langston Bar Association's 2011 subject nether Breland's leadership is timely described as "Advocating for Citizens of the World." <br /> <br /> <div></div>Linda R. Roseborough, president of the<strong> </strong><a href="http://www.blogger.com/"><strong><span style="color: #38761d;">California Association of Black Lawyers</span></strong></a> (CABL), was likewise inward attendance at the mixer. Roseborough spread the discussion regarding CABL's 34th Annual Conference that volition move held Thursday, Apr 28th through Sunday, May 1st, 2011 at the Omni Hotel inward downtown L.A. Many of the attorneys inward attendance were excited that this annual conference of the state's black lawyers will be hosted inward Los Angeles, California. </div>

Black History Network Mixer Inwards Los Angeles

The 2011 Black History Network Mixer was held on Feb 24, 2011 at the Cicada Club, the historic 1928 fine art deco James Oviatt Building, an...

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Abd Al Rahman Ibrahima Ibn Sori: From Guinea To The Mississippi Delta

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYUnQ9Jj921oe_JL0LFrW14b3ro0TkzOEPpRI_aSjG_ENeDUA9qS6Q-Py-96JO4wHUX01sLQhnDoGiPJeVPFNT0wZPibafy2Q3xD3_W_YP5zFtDzzQf7huMmpm7KQHygCWRjX3pV8wD9k/s1600/Drawing+of+Abdul+rahman+Ibrahim+Ibn+Sori.+The+Arabic+inscription+reads+His+name+is+Abd+al-Rahman.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYUnQ9Jj921oe_JL0LFrW14b3ro0TkzOEPpRI_aSjG_ENeDUA9qS6Q-Py-96JO4wHUX01sLQhnDoGiPJeVPFNT0wZPibafy2Q3xD3_W_YP5zFtDzzQf7huMmpm7KQHygCWRjX3pV8wD9k/s1600/Drawing+of+Abdul+rahman+Ibrahim+Ibn+Sori.+The+Arabic+inscription+reads+His+name+is+Abd+al-Rahman.jpg" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b>Image: Abd al Rahman Ibrahima Ibn Sori (<i>aka</i> Abdul Rahman Ibrahim in addition to The Prince) </b></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b>(Born: 1762 - Died: 1829)</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In 1762, Abd al Rahman Ibrahima Ibn Sori was born inside a majestic family, boy of King Sori, inwards the hamlet of Timbo inwards what is today known equally the Republic of Republic of Guinea inwards the share of Fouta Djallon (<i>aka</i> Futa Jalon, <i>lit.</i> "the state of the Fulbe in addition to Jalunke"). Ibrahima was born amidst the Fulbe (<i>aka</i> Fulani, Fula, Fullah, Foulah; <i>singular:</i> Poulas, Peul, Pullo) of the Timbo region. The Fulbe were primarily muslim cattle herders inwards this West African mountainous share where the Niger river rises in addition to runs eastward. In fact, Guinea's mountains are the beginning of the Niger, Republic of The Gambia in addition to Senegal rivers, amongst its highest betoken at Mount Nimba. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR6Ke7cdjfuZgAX11qSTaCXBP6a7CfQJ9sgo6hRSTxEhzY2kufQNTgvYtm-aIG1LQy2_WBTPaCZXJi6yzUo6Q3kDSc0J74TaumuarYms5oLWJgnyfj2i5v1S0YLtPRseLGEKtP2E3IdLU/s1600/Photo+of+Fouta+Djallon+Guinea+West+Africa.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR6Ke7cdjfuZgAX11qSTaCXBP6a7CfQJ9sgo6hRSTxEhzY2kufQNTgvYtm-aIG1LQy2_WBTPaCZXJi6yzUo6Q3kDSc0J74TaumuarYms5oLWJgnyfj2i5v1S0YLtPRseLGEKtP2E3IdLU/s320/Photo+of+Fouta+Djallon+Guinea+West+Africa.gif" width="320" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b>Today the cool, mountainous Futa Jallon share runs roughly </b></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b>north-south through the middle of the Republic of Guinea.</b></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> According to the mass <i>Prince Among Slaves</i>, written yesteryear Professor Terry Alford, the non-muslim Jalunke was the bulk tribal grouping inside the <a href="http://www.smi.uib.no/sa/15/15Salvaing.pdf" target="_blank">Futa Jallon share inwards Guinea</a> where Ibrahima was born. According to Prof. Alford, conflict inside the ethnically pluralistic Fulbe-Jalunke club occurred when the Jalunke leadership announced a annunciation forbidding populace prayer. Karamoko Alfa, the leading Fulbe cleric, declared jihad against the Jalunke for what was deemed a straight affront to Islam. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ceremonial slashing opened upwards of the Fulbe farmer's drums marked the outset of this cracking West African war. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b>From Futa Djallon to the Mississippi Delta</b></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> By 1788, at the historic menstruum of 26, Ibrahima was a military machine leader inside the Fulbe regular army when he was reportedly ambushed, captured in addition to sold to slave traders. Ibrahima was shipped to the USA where he was eventually sold to a Natchez, Mississippi slave trader yesteryear the refer of Thomas Foster. Ibrahima's noesis of agriculture operations in addition to his leadership skills made him a cardinal figure on Foster's cotton fiber plantation. By 1794, Ibrahima married Isabella, likewise enslaved on the Foster plantation in addition to would bring 5 sons in addition to 4 daughters.  </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> As the storey goes, ane twenty-four lx minutes menstruum Ibrahima was recognized yesteryear an Irish Gaelic surgeon, doctor John Cox, who had traveled to Timbo during his transportation ventures amongst an English linguistic communication ship. Cox was aided yesteryear Ibrahima's identify unit of measurement for vi months when he was stranded in addition to barbarous sick inwards the Futa Jallon region. Cox asked Foster to sell Ibrahima to him hence that he could complimentary him for supply to his West African homeland. Mr. Foster refused. Cox petitioned vigorously on Ibrahima's behalf until his dead inwards 1816. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In 1826, a alphabetic quality Ibrahima wrote inwards Standard Arabic addressed to his identify unit of measurement inwards West Africa was picked upwards yesteryear Andrew Marschalk, a local newsman who sent a re-create to the federal uppercase inwards Washington D.C., to the attending of U.S. Senator Thomas Reed. Reed forwarded the correspondence to the U.S. Consulate inwards Morocco, assuming that Ibrahima was a Moor. Though Ibrahima was non a Moroccan citizen, Sultan of Kingdom of Morocco Abderrahmane was touched yesteryear his storey in addition to petitioned U.S. President John Quincy Adams to publish Ibrahima from the establishment of slavery. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b>The Prince Among Slaves Returns to West Africa</b></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In 1828, Henry Clay, hence U.S. Secretary of State, interceded on behalf of "The Prince", the refer given Ibrahima yesteryear Natchez, Mississippi residents. Foster stipulated that he would grant Ibrahima's legal publish from slavery entirely if he left without his identify unit of measurement in addition to returned to Africa. Despite the Ibrahimas' populace speaking efforts to enhance plenty coin to buy liberty for their nine children earlier leaving for Africa, they raised entirely one-half of the coin Foster required for the purchase. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> At historic menstruum 66, afterward forty years inwards slavery, Ibrahima sailed to Monrovia, Republic of Liberia inwards 1828. By July 1, 1829, a caravan was reportedly en road to Liberia, carrying identify unit of measurement members from his Futa homeland. Ibrahima caught a fever in addition to died at the historic menstruum of 67, never making it to his native hamlet inwards the Futa Jallon. He died July 6, 1829. His married adult woman Isabella was reunited amongst 2 sons in addition to their families whose liberty in addition to carry was financed yesteryear the Ibrahima's funds. The remaining identify unit of measurement inwards Mississippi was inherited yesteryear Foster's heirs in addition to scattered across the South earlier farther efforts could hold upwards made on their behalf. To his legacy, Ibrahima left behind the narrative of his total story, a rare jewel inside the legacy of the early on colonial history of Africans inwards America.</div> <br /></div>

Abd Al Rahman Ibrahima Ibn Sori: From Guinea To The Mississippi Delta

Image: Abd al Rahman Ibrahima Ibn Sori ( aka Abdul Rahman Ibrahim in addition to The Prince)  (Born: 1762 - Died: 1829) In 1762, ...

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Queen Ana De Sousa Nzinga Mbande Of Ndongo (Angola)

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBF5qIFRkb985Vsx3AYGpMW4KlE9_qwbjCWIxHMWuY5wq5uUYHYfE_KCbCRnRJ1MXr-bBWxtkr2YaBcgjxuEKmse0LplNN04iJRacb59U_2VquasfV3yyoUGT4z53GiUJG7IKoq0asEzw/s1600/Photo+of+Queen+Nzinga+of+Angola.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBF5qIFRkb985Vsx3AYGpMW4KlE9_qwbjCWIxHMWuY5wq5uUYHYfE_KCbCRnRJ1MXr-bBWxtkr2YaBcgjxuEKmse0LplNN04iJRacb59U_2VquasfV3yyoUGT4z53GiUJG7IKoq0asEzw/s320/Photo+of+Queen+Nzinga+of+Angola.jpg" width="296" /></a></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b>Image: Queen Nzinga of Angola (<i>circa</i> b: 1581 - d. Dec. 17, 1663)</b></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <i>A brief business organisation human relationship of the life too times of i of the earliest recorded African warrior queens, Queen Nzinga (aka Nzinga; Dona Ana de Sousa; Ana de Souza; Zhinga; N'Zhinga; Jinga; Ngola Ana Nzinga Mbande), renowned for her strategic armed services tactics too political too diplomatic intelligence.</i></div> </blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Born equally Princess Nzinga amid the <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=zumbi-dos-palmares" target="_blank">Mbundu</a> (Ambundu) grouping of the Ndongo Kingdom inward the fundamental due west Africa portion forthwith known equally Angola. Her begetter was Ngola Kilajua, the word 'Ngola' referring to the championship of the ruling chief, which subsequently developed into the national cite for the region. Her woman raise reportedly had no blood ties to the violet menage unit of measurement  within the landed chieftain system. Nzinga had i brother, Ngola Mbandi, too 2 sisters, Kifunji too Mukambu. Though she resisted Portuguese colonial trace of piece of work of fundamental due west Africa for over iv decades, she officially ruled Ndongo from 1624-1626 too 1657-1663.</div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The earliest European tape of Nzinga was a written report of her inclusion inward her brother's envoy to an 1622 peace conference earlier the Portuguese's Luanda governor João Correia de Sousa. Luanda is an Atlantic coastal city, the largest urban meat inward Republic of Angola too the country's capital. An historical business organisation human relationship of the conference includes the famous tale of Correia de Sousa's non offering Nzinga a chair, instead placing a flooring mat earlier her to sit. In an 1690 book, the Italian priest Giovanni Antonio Cavazzi, inward attendance at the court, memorialized the scene inward an engraving whereby Nzinga asserts her condition yesteryear sitting on the dorsum of a maid retainer inside her violet envoy during the course of study of the negotiations. </div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5GtWwB3fDXsrjFfsJf4kOj_i8h4wPABzckfYHQlGN86vwl3gDrQOIHQew4t6LPUSKL5I0CCBhyPWNm6tUdIfrrXEYYjjVxNm0I60MFOAvMGOOt0DUNeu0qK9XRCMeQDVh36udJIEhvP4/s1600/Queen+Nzinga+of+Angola+Matamba+Africa+Giovanni+Antonio+Cavazzi+before+Portuguese+Governor.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5GtWwB3fDXsrjFfsJf4kOj_i8h4wPABzckfYHQlGN86vwl3gDrQOIHQew4t6LPUSKL5I0CCBhyPWNm6tUdIfrrXEYYjjVxNm0I60MFOAvMGOOt0DUNeu0qK9XRCMeQDVh36udJIEhvP4/s320/Queen+Nzinga+of+Angola+Matamba+Africa+Giovanni+Antonio+Cavazzi+before+Portuguese+Governor.JPG" width="320" /></a></div> <blockquote> <b>Image: Giovanni Antonio Cavazzi, Istorica Descrizione de' Tre Regni Congo, Matamba, et Republic of Angola (Milan, 1690), p. 437 Cavazzi writes the Queen's cite equally 'Zingha'. (Copy inward the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University) </b></blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Though a treaty was signed amongst the Portuguese at this peace conference it was never honored yesteryear them. They shortly hired the Imbangala (aka Mbangala) to struggle against the Ndongo Kingdom equally they pushed to capture slaves to farther their national slave trading export interests to the so-called New World. Prior to Nzinga's birth, the Portuguese had settled along the southern business office of the Congo River too began moving upwards the Kwanza River Valley inward search of slaves too gold. According to historical reports, the Imbangala inward the 17th century generally comprised bands of pillaging warriors native to this regions, founders of the kingdom of Kasanje. They aided the Portuguese colonial campaigns equally early on equally those of Luis Mendes de Vasconcelos inward 1618. The Imbangala's historical marauding customs were reportedly abandoned yesteryear the belatedly seventeenth century.</div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLnrYQ6jYHOdI3shbuvxJy-Cu4anaerUX7Sn2RW23-6-Hjw9VGXnJsop-27MoQPBd1TbECx1z89WwJReliDwODfbPie9gykdixalYQz2KpjLx6s8uI6rcTKK6UhSyNUVl3wR35YsYN63w/s1600/Photo+of+Luanda%252C+Ndongo+region+now+part+of+Angola.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLnrYQ6jYHOdI3shbuvxJy-Cu4anaerUX7Sn2RW23-6-Hjw9VGXnJsop-27MoQPBd1TbECx1z89WwJReliDwODfbPie9gykdixalYQz2KpjLx6s8uI6rcTKK6UhSyNUVl3wR35YsYN63w/s320/Photo+of+Luanda%252C+Ndongo+region+now+part+of+Angola.gif" width="256" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b>Map: main portion of armed services battles betwixt Kingdom of Ndongo too Portuguese inward Angola</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The Mbundu tradition prohibited women rulers. Upon Nzinga's brother's expiry she became regent to his boy Kiza. She shortly convinced the Portuguese to back upwards her bid to the throne. In 1622, she was baptized too took the Christian cite Ana, the surname of the Luanda governor de Sousa too the Portuguese championship Dona. Hence Princess Nzinga became known equally Dona Ana de Sousa inward a political movement to assist secure her succession to the Ndongo Kingdom throne. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The Portuguese began negotiating straight amongst Nzinga. The arrival of Fernão de Sousa inward 1624 started amongst discussions amongst her, but because she was non submissive to the Portuguese, ended amongst her ouster from Kidonga. That same twelvemonth she is reported to refer to herself equally "Rainha de Andongo" (Queen of Andongo). After the Portuguese ouster, Nzinga continued fighting against the Portuguese spell inward exile. She fled E but reclaimed the isle inward 1627. She was i time again driven out yesteryear the Portuguese inward 1629, the twelvemonth her sis was captured yesteryear their armed services forces. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> By 1641, Nzinga had entered amid the earliest African-European alliance against a European nation when she entered into negotiations amongst the Dutch. In 1646 her regular army defeated the Portuguese at Davanga, but her other sis was captured. By 1647 her alliance amongst the Dutch was fruitful inward the seizure of Masangano from the Portuguese. In 1648 her regular army retreated to Matamba, a pre-colonial African Kingdom located inward what is forthwith the Baixa de Cassange portion of Malanje Province of modern 24-hour interval Angola. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRaDimwM5tlDlFjS_WHH1bYO5yBeHE448Q7FlFU_ztgk85Ex8cBrjG_sS_waaRBRsSexE_GusZkzW_x3CxHjd4JYB-EqT58jHGIUX4PpJQCCjGI9-eOILfh8pYFXOiuDeq0KpeQZQinjg/s1600/Photo+of+Statue+of+Queen+Njinga+in+Luanda%252C+Angola+on+the+Kinaxixi+Square.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRaDimwM5tlDlFjS_WHH1bYO5yBeHE448Q7FlFU_ztgk85Ex8cBrjG_sS_waaRBRsSexE_GusZkzW_x3CxHjd4JYB-EqT58jHGIUX4PpJQCCjGI9-eOILfh8pYFXOiuDeq0KpeQZQinjg/s320/Photo+of+Statue+of+Queen+Njinga+in+Luanda%252C+Angola+on+the+Kinaxixi+Square.jpg" width="240" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b>Photo: Statue of Queen Nzinga inward Luanda, Republic of Angola on the Kinaxixi Square</b></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In an 1657 speech, Queen Nzinga reportedly stated to her regular army that an alliance amongst the Imbangala was too therefore a necessary evil inward the armed services state of war against the Portuguese. In the same year, however, she signed a peace treaty amongst the Portuguese. She had fought against their colonial too slave raiding attacks for decades.  Queen Nzinga died on Dec 17, 1663 at the historic menses of 80. Unfortunately, her expiry accelerated Portuguese colonial occupation, equally good equally their Atlanta slave merchandise activities inward fundamental due west Africa.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIPkB5Gas94AGF5fo6UWBGiuzOXYNaEzeZet0rbJNL4dwzOzBUKuY7H3aAVRDTx7znH2ZMRHgmins3rkJhYjCNvZbmx8O4NWKp0NDQBNTCYW3S1ihwYenQbbnudZ4gzc2N_xzP8rhPzis/s1600/Photo+of+Luanda+Angola.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIPkB5Gas94AGF5fo6UWBGiuzOXYNaEzeZet0rbJNL4dwzOzBUKuY7H3aAVRDTx7znH2ZMRHgmins3rkJhYjCNvZbmx8O4NWKp0NDQBNTCYW3S1ihwYenQbbnudZ4gzc2N_xzP8rhPzis/s320/Photo+of+Luanda+Angola.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b>Photo: modern 24-hour interval aerial thought of Luanda, Angola</b></div> <i><b> </b> </i></div>

Queen Ana De Sousa Nzinga Mbande Of Ndongo (Angola)

Image: Queen Nzinga of Angola ( circa b: 1581 - d. Dec. 17, 1663) A brief business organisation human relationship of the life t...

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Gaspar Yanga As Well As Blacks Inwards Mexico: 1570 African Slave Revolt Inwards Veracruz

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0ZguCXfTI-0onR4TmOrVWXRNFJg1WRxDQWm3Fxvepvm3TJ-0KUOW_pYBsZSPxmIfTEe_X5_VOYs52QYp7kg2gVHcFmp6KldeNvHhdfaqE3eSzk-IdvbQEOZHzXFimprkdmu30yJWXXdA/s1600/gaspar-yanga1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0ZguCXfTI-0onR4TmOrVWXRNFJg1WRxDQWm3Fxvepvm3TJ-0KUOW_pYBsZSPxmIfTEe_X5_VOYs52QYp7kg2gVHcFmp6KldeNvHhdfaqE3eSzk-IdvbQEOZHzXFimprkdmu30yJWXXdA/s1600/gaspar-yanga1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: Image of Statue of Gaspar Yanga, located inward Veracruz, United Mexican United States of America </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> The heritage of Africans inward United Mexican United States of America afterward Christopher Columbus is a rarely explored theme inward the history books of the Americas. Gaspar Yanga is i of the neglected figures inside African history inward the Americas. He was the founder of the town Yanga, located inward the Veracruz percentage of Mexico, betwixt the Port of Veracruz together with Córdoba. It is with the get-go complimentary African settlements inward the Americas afterward the start of the European slave trade.</div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> While the available official reports regarding the history of Gaspar Yanga is sorely lacking, local lore reports that Yanga escaped slavery from the percentage of the Nuestra Senora de la Concepcion plantation inward 1570. Regional lore too provides that Yanga was a prince stolen from a regal solid unit of measurement of Gabon, Africa. The give-and-take "Yanga" has origins inward many regions of West together with Central Africa, including the Yoruba regions inward Nigeria where the give-and-take agency "pride".</div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> Between 1570 together with 1609, Yanga led his followers into the mountains located inward the vicinity of Pico de Orizaba (Citlaltépetl, or "star mountain", the highest mount inward Mexico), the Cofre de Perote, Zongolica together with <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=olmec-society-of-mexico-americans-and">Olmec</a> regions. The Olmec controlled this percentage during its empire over the percentage (1200 BC to 400 BC), which included the jurisdiction of the electrical flow nation of Mexico.</div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> By 1600, it is reported that the Yanga <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=olmec-society-of-mexico-americans-and">maroon settlement</a>, or <i>palenque</i>s, was joined past times Francisco de la Matosa together with his grouping of African maroons. All of this occurred earlier the independence of United Mexican United States of America from the Castilian crown. </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX8aD3zseTFDfF44USvM6oU9HdsN9MU_M9GQ_4xL0PPnQfjR1euPIcGstBQTSZoyJxeK2kbMAX0jJqQcCpDwxRJPIrpMbFd3Zk2DoWRqh2XrDQZ0-USm3J5IalNRPio9HERz5_xMvNHbM/s1600/Map+of+Black+African+Veracruz+Community+Settlement.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX8aD3zseTFDfF44USvM6oU9HdsN9MU_M9GQ_4xL0PPnQfjR1euPIcGstBQTSZoyJxeK2kbMAX0jJqQcCpDwxRJPIrpMbFd3Zk2DoWRqh2XrDQZ0-USm3J5IalNRPio9HERz5_xMvNHbM/s320/Map+of+Black+African+Veracruz+Community+Settlement.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Map of Yanga, Veracruz percentage along the eastern coast of Mexico</span></b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> Yanga's early on <i>palenques</i> would plow into decades-long resistance against colonial Spain. In 1609, Spain's viceroy of New Kingdom of Spain (the colonial advert of Mexico) was Luis de Velasco, Marquis of Salinas. That year, Velasco sent Captain Pedro González on a state of war machine expedition against the Yanga <i>palenques</i>. The battle came to a caput at the Rio Blanco together with resulted inward major losses on both sides. </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> By 1631, viceroy of New Kingdom of Spain Rodrigo Pacheco began negotiations with the Gaspar Yanga resistance. Yanga struck an understanding with the colonial leader respecting Spain's recognition of an autonomous percentage for the African community. The get-go official advert was San Lorenzo de los Negros (aka San Lorenzo de Cerralvo), nigh Córdova. Since 1932, the Mexican town has bore the advert of its liberator Gaspar Yanga. </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> ''Yanga is of import to the people of United Mexican United States of America together with America," said Gordillo Jaime Trujullo, who along with his married adult woman Maria Dolores Flores promotes the town's history. "It is a peachy bargain together with has non been taken into account. This town is the birthplace of freedom. The most of import legacy of dark Yanga is freedom. Freedom is what nosotros appreciate most inward this community."</div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> Like his birth, no definitive records are available regarding Yanga's engagement of death. There is said to travel a peachy bargain of data inward the national archives of United Mexican United States of America together with the archives of Spain, according to historian together with anthropologist Antonio García de León. The get-go data nigh Yanga arose inward the 2d one-half of the nineteenth century past times the historian together with military-man Vicente Riva Palacio, grandson of Mexico's get-go dark president, <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=olmec-society-of-mexico-americans-and" target="_blank">Vicente Guerrero</a>. </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> Today, the town reportedly hosts the "Carnival of Negritude" every August tenth inward accolade of Gaspar Yanga. The town reports roughly 20,000 citizens that is immediately primarily considered <i>mestizo</i>, Castilian for "mixed heritage". </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjazReQLDVYcBQ1iZeLIDtlWELMDAEAQONGY2ZkRGis_1Ot8QmLg7_2Qnt5c-bgLljlJApAgFuI8JDaDA6LrYxF8Eh_h65pWvMBATvp_1OMyJkN14LmT_VQp40cbMlLHjnne-PEw2Uv9_4/s1600/Photo+of+Gaspar+Yanga+or+El+Yanga.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjazReQLDVYcBQ1iZeLIDtlWELMDAEAQONGY2ZkRGis_1Ot8QmLg7_2Qnt5c-bgLljlJApAgFuI8JDaDA6LrYxF8Eh_h65pWvMBATvp_1OMyJkN14LmT_VQp40cbMlLHjnne-PEw2Uv9_4/s320/Photo+of+Gaspar+Yanga+or+El+Yanga.jpg" width="213" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Photo: El Yanga together with Negro Yanga</b></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzBlpqGyPwt6vwfCF2HsFWIfBj6qCQkX0ohoD1Hir58E9O3sUlYTmcsZlmCO_ABxmzCaHHElPQyYuJ_LrQzexG-4DUH831m6eQIQbVYU_Nz6Qqc5shT43HoGgMRQTrkHP0MKv2-2FiAbA/s1600/Photo+of+Information+Beneath+Gasper+Yanga+Statue+in+Mexico.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzBlpqGyPwt6vwfCF2HsFWIfBj6qCQkX0ohoD1Hir58E9O3sUlYTmcsZlmCO_ABxmzCaHHElPQyYuJ_LrQzexG-4DUH831m6eQIQbVYU_Nz6Qqc5shT43HoGgMRQTrkHP0MKv2-2FiAbA/s320/Photo+of+Information+Beneath+Gasper+Yanga+Statue+in+Mexico.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <blockquote> <b>The inscription nether Gaspar Yanga's statue reads</b>: "<i>Negro Africano precusor de la libertao de los negros esclavos fundo este pueblo de san lorenzo de cerralvo (hoy yanga) por acordado del virrey de nueva espana Don Rodrigo Osorio Marzuez de cerralvo el dia tres de octubre del ano de 1631 por mandato del virrey trazo el pueblo el Capitan Hernando de Castro Espinosa H. Ayuntamento Constl. 1973-1976</i>".<i><b> English translation</b></i>: African Black liberator together with precursor of the dark slaves who founded the town of San Lorenzo de Cerralvo (now Yanga) past times understanding of the viceroy of New Spain, Rodrigo Pacheco, on the 3rd twenty-four sixty minutes menses of Oct 1631 past times monastic enjoin of the viceroy's pen.Village Captain Hernando of Castro Espinosa H. Ayuntamento Constl. 1973-1976."</blockquote> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="249" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/NOGxwO81fsE" width="325"></iframe><br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Video footage of an African American exploratory group's trip to Yanga, Veracruz, Mexico</b></span></div> <br /> <b><i>Reference: </i></b><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Blacks-Colonial-Veracruz-Ethnicity-Development/dp/0292712332?ie=UTF8&tag=blachisthero-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969" target="_blank">Blacks inward Colonial Veracruz: Race, Ethnicity, together with Regional Development</a><img alt=" The heritage of Africans inward United Mexican United States of America afterward Christopher Columbus is a rarely explored theme Gaspar Yanga together with Blacks inward Mexico: 1570 African Slave Revolt inward Veracruz" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=blachisthero-20&l=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=0292712332" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;" width="1" />, past times Patrick J. Carroll (2001)</div>

Gaspar Yanga As Well As Blacks Inwards Mexico: 1570 African Slave Revolt Inwards Veracruz

Photo: Image of Statue of Gaspar Yanga, located inward Veracruz, United Mexican United States of America The heritage of Africans inw...

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Charles F. Bolden, Jr.: Get-Go African American Nasa Administrator

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEP-Wa0FK8w_0eQ72rO14e985GlSokvGWQyyO5ad61v2lxOqOgzk88r6TIxAbrZ_e32eTHa_GISIPcyyGiuRwrYqTS88gZ_iL4waj53nxT2CXYMaAHW7lvSRDSq22LbRtV46xCVxoB9p8/s1600/Photo+of+Charles+F.+Bolden+Jr..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEP-Wa0FK8w_0eQ72rO14e985GlSokvGWQyyO5ad61v2lxOqOgzk88r6TIxAbrZ_e32eTHa_GISIPcyyGiuRwrYqTS88gZ_iL4waj53nxT2CXYMaAHW7lvSRDSq22LbRtV46xCVxoB9p8/s200/Photo+of+Charles+F.+Bolden+Jr..jpg" width="154" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Photo of Charles F. Bolden Jr., NASA Administrator </b><br /> (Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls) </td></tr> </tbody></table><blockquote style="text-align: justify;"><i>In May 2009, Charles F. Bolden, Jr. (Major General, USMC Ret.) was appointed past times U.S. President Barack Obama every 2nd the Administrator of the National Aeronautics as well as Space Administration, the caput postal service at the U.S. infinite exploration agency. </i></blockquote><div style="text-align: justify;">Born August 19, 1946 inward Columbia, South Carolina to Charles Bolden, Sr., an educator as well as caput H.S. football game coach, as well as Ethel Bolden, an educator as well as librarian whose industrial plant included establishing libraries inward Columbia's dark simple schools. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">In 1964, Bolden graduated from C.A. Johnson High School. In 1968, he earned a B.S. marker inward Electrical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy, joining the U.S. Marine Corps the same year. In 1977, he earned a M.S. marker inward Systems Management from the University of Southern California as well as 2 years afterward graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The get-go dark administrator of NASA, Bolden was inspired past times the belatedly Ronald E. McNair, the African American astronaut that died inward the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster inward 1986. "It was Ron who inspired me to submit my application to the infinite program," said Bolden to <i>The State</i>, a South Carolina homepage. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6de9VY5anRf2eXXqTi3iDT5A64uEbR3HdpcaXvI2a5cE32aA0PO2yrjexQWyCW1B4KBGYkYJZhS0y4JUlkJCMhxRUf6tjn2S17kEoxGyxPv5Lcwt_YD__vDRaXh956CNiyqih9oYFJSU/s1600/Photo+of+Astronaut+Charles+Bolden.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6de9VY5anRf2eXXqTi3iDT5A64uEbR3HdpcaXvI2a5cE32aA0PO2yrjexQWyCW1B4KBGYkYJZhS0y4JUlkJCMhxRUf6tjn2S17kEoxGyxPv5Lcwt_YD__vDRaXh956CNiyqih9oYFJSU/s200/Photo+of+Astronaut+Charles+Bolden.jpg" width="154" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Photo of Major General Charles F. Bolden, Jr</b>.</td></tr> </tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;">In 1980, Bolden was selected to bring together NASA every 2nd an astronaut. He traveled to orbit iv times. He flew inward iv infinite shuttle missions, including piloting the Space Shuttle Columbia as well as deployment of the Hubble Space Telescope. Bolden served 34 years inward the nation of war machine earlier retiring inward 2003 every 2nd the Commanding General of the Third Marine Aircraft Wing.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Bolden is married to the quondam Alexis "Jackie" Walker. They convey 2 children, Kelly Michelle, a plastic surgeon, as well as Anthony Che, a lieutenant colonel inward the Marine Corps.  </div></div></div>

Charles F. Bolden, Jr.: Get-Go African American Nasa Administrator

Photo of Charles F. Bolden Jr., NASA Administrator (Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls)  In May 2009, Charles F. Bolden, Jr. (Major General...

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Dr. Wangari Maathai: Nobel Laureate African Environmentalist

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> </div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy62QhxsN8JntJ01FQKRUFChnqkqOUIjrXsloUR2q5epb73u_f9aEsjH2zmmKq9LhyOIODw7Gr6MBQu_Ci7dOR2ZRljASNZrIanIiu02kAc_uOrd7lURQTQV5ed9jxWo87RkFG22D9E50/s1600/Photo+by+Wangari+Maathai.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy62QhxsN8JntJ01FQKRUFChnqkqOUIjrXsloUR2q5epb73u_f9aEsjH2zmmKq9LhyOIODw7Gr6MBQu_Ci7dOR2ZRljASNZrIanIiu02kAc_uOrd7lURQTQV5ed9jxWo87RkFG22D9E50/s1600/Photo+by+Wangari+Maathai.jpg" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;">Photo: Nobel Laureate MD Wangari Maathai (4/1/1940 - 9/25/2011) </span></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> MD Wangari Muta Maathai was the showtime African adult woman as well as environmentalist bestowed alongside the Nobel Peace Prize. Dr. Maathai mobilized women to flora to a greater extent than than xl ane M k trees inwards Africa. She championed environmental sustainability equally a at ane time link to human sustainability as well as a tool against poverty. She was described past times Archbishop Desmond Tutu equally a leading vocalism inwards Africa.<br /> <br /> "Professor Maathai introduced the stance of women planting trees inwards Republic of Kenya to trim back poverty as well as conserve the environment," said Archbishop Tutu. Founder of the <a href="http://www.greenbeltmovement.org/">Green Belt Movement</a>. </div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> "[Maathai] volition live remembered equally a committed champion of the environment, sustainable development, womens' rights, as well as democracy," stated old U.N. Secretary General Kofi Atta Annan after her decease inwards September 2011. "Her contribution to all these causes volition forever live celebrated as well as honored."</div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <b>Early Life inwards Republic of Kenya inwards East Africa</b></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> On Apr 1, 1940, Wangari Muta was born to Muta Njugi, her father, and Wanjiru Kibicho, her woman bring upward -- a  Kikuyu farming family from the Nyeri District of Kenya, inwards the hamlet of Ihithe. She is noted equally proverb that her parents gave her an early on observe for the soil as well as its bounty. Her showtime formal studies inwards Republic of Kenya began at the historic menstruation of 8 at the Ihithe Primary School as well as later on at St. Cecilia's Intermediate Primary School inwards Nyeri as well as Loreto High School Limuru.</div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> In 1959, at the destination of British dominion inwards East Africa, a immature Wangari left Republic of Kenya to written report inwards the United States of America at Benedictine College (then Mount St. Scholastica College) inwards the nation of Kansas. She earned a Bachelors of Science inwards 1964 as well as would hap to earn a Master's of Science inwards Biological Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh. She would hap of scientific discipline as well as environmental studies at academy inwards Germany.</div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> In 1966, Maathai returned to Republic of Kenya where she was appointed question assistant to a zoology professor at University College of Nairobi as well as opened a family-run full general store inwards Nairobi. In Kenya, she would wed Mwangi Mathai as well as accept 3 children: Bangari Maathai, Sangari Maathai as well as Mangari Maathai. After an embattled divorce from Mathai, she succeeded inwards retaining the delineate solid unit of measurement advert past times adding an "a": Maathai.</div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> In 1971, Maathai became the showtime Eastern African adult woman to earn a Ph.D. when she was awarded a Doctorate of Anatomy. She became a senior lecturer, associate professor as well as chair of the Department of Veterinary Anatomy at the University of Nairobi. It was at the academy that Wangari Maathai began campaigning for equal benefits for women working at the university.</div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <b>Green Belt Movement</b></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> To honor Nairobi's community leaders, the showtime "Green Belt" tree was planted inwards the city's Kamukunji common inwards 1977. Maathai encouraged Kenyan women to flora native tree nurseries throughout Kenya, agreeing to pay them stipends for each seedling flora inwards a native wood as well as planted elsewhere.</div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> Maathai became an active environmentalist, vocalism for women as well as for African self-sufficiency. In 2009, she authored the majority "The Challenge for Africa." In the epilogue to her book, "Unbound: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Memoir", MD Maathai writes:</div> <blockquote dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <i>Trees accept been an essential business office of my life as well as have </i><i>provided me alongside many lessons. Trees are living </i><i>symbols of peace as well as hope. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 tree has roots inwards the soil </i><i>yet reaches to the sky. It tells us that inwards social club to aspire </i><i>we require to live grounded, as well as that no thing how high </i><i>we locomote it is from our roots that nosotros clitoris sustenance. It is </i><i>a reminder to all of us who accept had success that we </i><i>cannot forget where nosotros came from. It signifies that no thing how powerful nosotros locomote inwards authorities or how </i><i>many awards nosotros receive, our mightiness as well as forcefulness and </i><i>our mightiness to achieve our goals depend on the people, </i><i>those whose function remains unseen, who are the soil out </i><i>of which nosotros grow, the shoulders on which nosotros stand. </i></div> </div> </blockquote> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/IGMW6YWjMxw" width="560"></iframe> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> </div> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always" /> </div>

Dr. Wangari Maathai: Nobel Laureate African Environmentalist

Photo: Nobel Laureate MD Wangari Maathai (4/1/1940 - 9/25/2011)  MD Wangari Muta Maathai was the showtime African adult woman ...

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