American History

Queen Ana De Sousa Nzinga Mbande Of Ndongo (Angola)

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBF5qIFRkb985Vsx3AYGpMW4KlE9_qwbjCWIxHMWuY5wq5uUYHYfE_KCbCRnRJ1MXr-bBWxtkr2YaBcgjxuEKmse0LplNN04iJRacb59U_2VquasfV3yyoUGT4z53GiUJG7IKoq0asEzw/s1600/Photo+of+Queen+Nzinga+of+Angola.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBF5qIFRkb985Vsx3AYGpMW4KlE9_qwbjCWIxHMWuY5wq5uUYHYfE_KCbCRnRJ1MXr-bBWxtkr2YaBcgjxuEKmse0LplNN04iJRacb59U_2VquasfV3yyoUGT4z53GiUJG7IKoq0asEzw/s320/Photo+of+Queen+Nzinga+of+Angola.jpg" width="296" /></a></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b>Image: Queen Nzinga of Angola (<i>circa</i> b: 1581 - d. Dec. 17, 1663)</b></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <i>A brief business organisation human relationship of the life too times of i of the earliest recorded African warrior queens, Queen Nzinga (aka Nzinga; Dona Ana de Sousa; Ana de Souza; Zhinga; N'Zhinga; Jinga; Ngola Ana Nzinga Mbande), renowned for her strategic armed services tactics too political too diplomatic intelligence.</i></div> </blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Born equally Princess Nzinga amid the <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=zumbi-dos-palmares" target="_blank">Mbundu</a> (Ambundu) grouping of the Ndongo Kingdom inward the fundamental due west Africa portion forthwith known equally Angola. Her begetter was Ngola Kilajua, the word 'Ngola' referring to the championship of the ruling chief, which subsequently developed into the national cite for the region. Her woman raise reportedly had no blood ties to the violet menage unit of measurement  within the landed chieftain system. Nzinga had i brother, Ngola Mbandi, too 2 sisters, Kifunji too Mukambu. Though she resisted Portuguese colonial trace of piece of work of fundamental due west Africa for over iv decades, she officially ruled Ndongo from 1624-1626 too 1657-1663.</div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The earliest European tape of Nzinga was a written report of her inclusion inward her brother's envoy to an 1622 peace conference earlier the Portuguese's Luanda governor João Correia de Sousa. Luanda is an Atlantic coastal city, the largest urban meat inward Republic of Angola too the country's capital. An historical business organisation human relationship of the conference includes the famous tale of Correia de Sousa's non offering Nzinga a chair, instead placing a flooring mat earlier her to sit. In an 1690 book, the Italian priest Giovanni Antonio Cavazzi, inward attendance at the court, memorialized the scene inward an engraving whereby Nzinga asserts her condition yesteryear sitting on the dorsum of a maid retainer inside her violet envoy during the course of study of the negotiations. </div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5GtWwB3fDXsrjFfsJf4kOj_i8h4wPABzckfYHQlGN86vwl3gDrQOIHQew4t6LPUSKL5I0CCBhyPWNm6tUdIfrrXEYYjjVxNm0I60MFOAvMGOOt0DUNeu0qK9XRCMeQDVh36udJIEhvP4/s1600/Queen+Nzinga+of+Angola+Matamba+Africa+Giovanni+Antonio+Cavazzi+before+Portuguese+Governor.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5GtWwB3fDXsrjFfsJf4kOj_i8h4wPABzckfYHQlGN86vwl3gDrQOIHQew4t6LPUSKL5I0CCBhyPWNm6tUdIfrrXEYYjjVxNm0I60MFOAvMGOOt0DUNeu0qK9XRCMeQDVh36udJIEhvP4/s320/Queen+Nzinga+of+Angola+Matamba+Africa+Giovanni+Antonio+Cavazzi+before+Portuguese+Governor.JPG" width="320" /></a></div> <blockquote> <b>Image: Giovanni Antonio Cavazzi, Istorica Descrizione de' Tre Regni Congo, Matamba, et Republic of Angola (Milan, 1690), p. 437 Cavazzi writes the Queen's cite equally 'Zingha'. (Copy inward the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University) </b></blockquote> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Though a treaty was signed amongst the Portuguese at this peace conference it was never honored yesteryear them. They shortly hired the Imbangala (aka Mbangala) to struggle against the Ndongo Kingdom equally they pushed to capture slaves to farther their national slave trading export interests to the so-called New World. Prior to Nzinga's birth, the Portuguese had settled along the southern business office of the Congo River too began moving upwards the Kwanza River Valley inward search of slaves too gold. According to historical reports, the Imbangala inward the 17th century generally comprised bands of pillaging warriors native to this regions, founders of the kingdom of Kasanje. They aided the Portuguese colonial campaigns equally early on equally those of Luis Mendes de Vasconcelos inward 1618. The Imbangala's historical marauding customs were reportedly abandoned yesteryear the belatedly seventeenth century.</div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLnrYQ6jYHOdI3shbuvxJy-Cu4anaerUX7Sn2RW23-6-Hjw9VGXnJsop-27MoQPBd1TbECx1z89WwJReliDwODfbPie9gykdixalYQz2KpjLx6s8uI6rcTKK6UhSyNUVl3wR35YsYN63w/s1600/Photo+of+Luanda%252C+Ndongo+region+now+part+of+Angola.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLnrYQ6jYHOdI3shbuvxJy-Cu4anaerUX7Sn2RW23-6-Hjw9VGXnJsop-27MoQPBd1TbECx1z89WwJReliDwODfbPie9gykdixalYQz2KpjLx6s8uI6rcTKK6UhSyNUVl3wR35YsYN63w/s320/Photo+of+Luanda%252C+Ndongo+region+now+part+of+Angola.gif" width="256" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b>Map: main portion of armed services battles betwixt Kingdom of Ndongo too Portuguese inward Angola</b></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The Mbundu tradition prohibited women rulers. Upon Nzinga's brother's expiry she became regent to his boy Kiza. She shortly convinced the Portuguese to back upwards her bid to the throne. In 1622, she was baptized too took the Christian cite Ana, the surname of the Luanda governor de Sousa too the Portuguese championship Dona. Hence Princess Nzinga became known equally Dona Ana de Sousa inward a political movement to assist secure her succession to the Ndongo Kingdom throne. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> The Portuguese began negotiating straight amongst Nzinga. The arrival of Fernão de Sousa inward 1624 started amongst discussions amongst her, but because she was non submissive to the Portuguese, ended amongst her ouster from Kidonga. That same twelvemonth she is reported to refer to herself equally "Rainha de Andongo" (Queen of Andongo). After the Portuguese ouster, Nzinga continued fighting against the Portuguese spell inward exile. She fled E but reclaimed the isle inward 1627. She was i time again driven out yesteryear the Portuguese inward 1629, the twelvemonth her sis was captured yesteryear their armed services forces. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> By 1641, Nzinga had entered amid the earliest African-European alliance against a European nation when she entered into negotiations amongst the Dutch. In 1646 her regular army defeated the Portuguese at Davanga, but her other sis was captured. By 1647 her alliance amongst the Dutch was fruitful inward the seizure of Masangano from the Portuguese. In 1648 her regular army retreated to Matamba, a pre-colonial African Kingdom located inward what is forthwith the Baixa de Cassange portion of Malanje Province of modern 24-hour interval Angola. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRaDimwM5tlDlFjS_WHH1bYO5yBeHE448Q7FlFU_ztgk85Ex8cBrjG_sS_waaRBRsSexE_GusZkzW_x3CxHjd4JYB-EqT58jHGIUX4PpJQCCjGI9-eOILfh8pYFXOiuDeq0KpeQZQinjg/s1600/Photo+of+Statue+of+Queen+Njinga+in+Luanda%252C+Angola+on+the+Kinaxixi+Square.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRaDimwM5tlDlFjS_WHH1bYO5yBeHE448Q7FlFU_ztgk85Ex8cBrjG_sS_waaRBRsSexE_GusZkzW_x3CxHjd4JYB-EqT58jHGIUX4PpJQCCjGI9-eOILfh8pYFXOiuDeq0KpeQZQinjg/s320/Photo+of+Statue+of+Queen+Njinga+in+Luanda%252C+Angola+on+the+Kinaxixi+Square.jpg" width="240" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b>Photo: Statue of Queen Nzinga inward Luanda, Republic of Angola on the Kinaxixi Square</b></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> In an 1657 speech, Queen Nzinga reportedly stated to her regular army that an alliance amongst the Imbangala was too therefore a necessary evil inward the armed services state of war against the Portuguese. In the same year, however, she signed a peace treaty amongst the Portuguese. She had fought against their colonial too slave raiding attacks for decades.  Queen Nzinga died on Dec 17, 1663 at the historic menses of 80. Unfortunately, her expiry accelerated Portuguese colonial occupation, equally good equally their Atlanta slave merchandise activities inward fundamental due west Africa.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIPkB5Gas94AGF5fo6UWBGiuzOXYNaEzeZet0rbJNL4dwzOzBUKuY7H3aAVRDTx7znH2ZMRHgmins3rkJhYjCNvZbmx8O4NWKp0NDQBNTCYW3S1ihwYenQbbnudZ4gzc2N_xzP8rhPzis/s1600/Photo+of+Luanda+Angola.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIPkB5Gas94AGF5fo6UWBGiuzOXYNaEzeZet0rbJNL4dwzOzBUKuY7H3aAVRDTx7znH2ZMRHgmins3rkJhYjCNvZbmx8O4NWKp0NDQBNTCYW3S1ihwYenQbbnudZ4gzc2N_xzP8rhPzis/s320/Photo+of+Luanda+Angola.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b>Photo: modern 24-hour interval aerial thought of Luanda, Angola</b></div> <i><b> </b> </i></div>

Queen Ana De Sousa Nzinga Mbande Of Ndongo (Angola)

Image: Queen Nzinga of Angola ( circa b: 1581 - d. Dec. 17, 1663) A brief business organisation human relationship of the life t...

Gaspar Yanga As Well As Blacks Inwards Mexico: 1570 African Slave Revolt Inwards Veracruz

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0ZguCXfTI-0onR4TmOrVWXRNFJg1WRxDQWm3Fxvepvm3TJ-0KUOW_pYBsZSPxmIfTEe_X5_VOYs52QYp7kg2gVHcFmp6KldeNvHhdfaqE3eSzk-IdvbQEOZHzXFimprkdmu30yJWXXdA/s1600/gaspar-yanga1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0ZguCXfTI-0onR4TmOrVWXRNFJg1WRxDQWm3Fxvepvm3TJ-0KUOW_pYBsZSPxmIfTEe_X5_VOYs52QYp7kg2gVHcFmp6KldeNvHhdfaqE3eSzk-IdvbQEOZHzXFimprkdmu30yJWXXdA/s1600/gaspar-yanga1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: Image of Statue of Gaspar Yanga, located inward Veracruz, United Mexican United States of America </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> The heritage of Africans inward United Mexican United States of America afterward Christopher Columbus is a rarely explored theme inward the history books of the Americas. Gaspar Yanga is i of the neglected figures inside African history inward the Americas. He was the founder of the town Yanga, located inward the Veracruz percentage of Mexico, betwixt the Port of Veracruz together with Córdoba. It is with the get-go complimentary African settlements inward the Americas afterward the start of the European slave trade.</div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> While the available official reports regarding the history of Gaspar Yanga is sorely lacking, local lore reports that Yanga escaped slavery from the percentage of the Nuestra Senora de la Concepcion plantation inward 1570. Regional lore too provides that Yanga was a prince stolen from a regal solid unit of measurement of Gabon, Africa. The give-and-take "Yanga" has origins inward many regions of West together with Central Africa, including the Yoruba regions inward Nigeria where the give-and-take agency "pride".</div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> Between 1570 together with 1609, Yanga led his followers into the mountains located inward the vicinity of Pico de Orizaba (Citlaltépetl, or "star mountain", the highest mount inward Mexico), the Cofre de Perote, Zongolica together with <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=olmec-society-of-mexico-americans-and">Olmec</a> regions. The Olmec controlled this percentage during its empire over the percentage (1200 BC to 400 BC), which included the jurisdiction of the electrical flow nation of Mexico.</div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> By 1600, it is reported that the Yanga <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=olmec-society-of-mexico-americans-and">maroon settlement</a>, or <i>palenque</i>s, was joined past times Francisco de la Matosa together with his grouping of African maroons. All of this occurred earlier the independence of United Mexican United States of America from the Castilian crown. </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX8aD3zseTFDfF44USvM6oU9HdsN9MU_M9GQ_4xL0PPnQfjR1euPIcGstBQTSZoyJxeK2kbMAX0jJqQcCpDwxRJPIrpMbFd3Zk2DoWRqh2XrDQZ0-USm3J5IalNRPio9HERz5_xMvNHbM/s1600/Map+of+Black+African+Veracruz+Community+Settlement.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX8aD3zseTFDfF44USvM6oU9HdsN9MU_M9GQ_4xL0PPnQfjR1euPIcGstBQTSZoyJxeK2kbMAX0jJqQcCpDwxRJPIrpMbFd3Zk2DoWRqh2XrDQZ0-USm3J5IalNRPio9HERz5_xMvNHbM/s320/Map+of+Black+African+Veracruz+Community+Settlement.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Map of Yanga, Veracruz percentage along the eastern coast of Mexico</span></b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> Yanga's early on <i>palenques</i> would plow into decades-long resistance against colonial Spain. In 1609, Spain's viceroy of New Kingdom of Spain (the colonial advert of Mexico) was Luis de Velasco, Marquis of Salinas. That year, Velasco sent Captain Pedro González on a state of war machine expedition against the Yanga <i>palenques</i>. The battle came to a caput at the Rio Blanco together with resulted inward major losses on both sides. </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> By 1631, viceroy of New Kingdom of Spain Rodrigo Pacheco began negotiations with the Gaspar Yanga resistance. Yanga struck an understanding with the colonial leader respecting Spain's recognition of an autonomous percentage for the African community. The get-go official advert was San Lorenzo de los Negros (aka San Lorenzo de Cerralvo), nigh Córdova. Since 1932, the Mexican town has bore the advert of its liberator Gaspar Yanga. </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> ''Yanga is of import to the people of United Mexican United States of America together with America," said Gordillo Jaime Trujullo, who along with his married adult woman Maria Dolores Flores promotes the town's history. "It is a peachy bargain together with has non been taken into account. This town is the birthplace of freedom. The most of import legacy of dark Yanga is freedom. Freedom is what nosotros appreciate most inward this community."</div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> Like his birth, no definitive records are available regarding Yanga's engagement of death. There is said to travel a peachy bargain of data inward the national archives of United Mexican United States of America together with the archives of Spain, according to historian together with anthropologist Antonio García de León. The get-go data nigh Yanga arose inward the 2d one-half of the nineteenth century past times the historian together with military-man Vicente Riva Palacio, grandson of Mexico's get-go dark president, <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=olmec-society-of-mexico-americans-and" target="_blank">Vicente Guerrero</a>. </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> Today, the town reportedly hosts the "Carnival of Negritude" every August tenth inward accolade of Gaspar Yanga. The town reports roughly 20,000 citizens that is immediately primarily considered <i>mestizo</i>, Castilian for "mixed heritage". </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjazReQLDVYcBQ1iZeLIDtlWELMDAEAQONGY2ZkRGis_1Ot8QmLg7_2Qnt5c-bgLljlJApAgFuI8JDaDA6LrYxF8Eh_h65pWvMBATvp_1OMyJkN14LmT_VQp40cbMlLHjnne-PEw2Uv9_4/s1600/Photo+of+Gaspar+Yanga+or+El+Yanga.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjazReQLDVYcBQ1iZeLIDtlWELMDAEAQONGY2ZkRGis_1Ot8QmLg7_2Qnt5c-bgLljlJApAgFuI8JDaDA6LrYxF8Eh_h65pWvMBATvp_1OMyJkN14LmT_VQp40cbMlLHjnne-PEw2Uv9_4/s320/Photo+of+Gaspar+Yanga+or+El+Yanga.jpg" width="213" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Photo: El Yanga together with Negro Yanga</b></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzBlpqGyPwt6vwfCF2HsFWIfBj6qCQkX0ohoD1Hir58E9O3sUlYTmcsZlmCO_ABxmzCaHHElPQyYuJ_LrQzexG-4DUH831m6eQIQbVYU_Nz6Qqc5shT43HoGgMRQTrkHP0MKv2-2FiAbA/s1600/Photo+of+Information+Beneath+Gasper+Yanga+Statue+in+Mexico.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzBlpqGyPwt6vwfCF2HsFWIfBj6qCQkX0ohoD1Hir58E9O3sUlYTmcsZlmCO_ABxmzCaHHElPQyYuJ_LrQzexG-4DUH831m6eQIQbVYU_Nz6Qqc5shT43HoGgMRQTrkHP0MKv2-2FiAbA/s320/Photo+of+Information+Beneath+Gasper+Yanga+Statue+in+Mexico.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <blockquote> <b>The inscription nether Gaspar Yanga's statue reads</b>: "<i>Negro Africano precusor de la libertao de los negros esclavos fundo este pueblo de san lorenzo de cerralvo (hoy yanga) por acordado del virrey de nueva espana Don Rodrigo Osorio Marzuez de cerralvo el dia tres de octubre del ano de 1631 por mandato del virrey trazo el pueblo el Capitan Hernando de Castro Espinosa H. Ayuntamento Constl. 1973-1976</i>".<i><b> English translation</b></i>: African Black liberator together with precursor of the dark slaves who founded the town of San Lorenzo de Cerralvo (now Yanga) past times understanding of the viceroy of New Spain, Rodrigo Pacheco, on the 3rd twenty-four sixty minutes menses of Oct 1631 past times monastic enjoin of the viceroy's pen.Village Captain Hernando of Castro Espinosa H. Ayuntamento Constl. 1973-1976."</blockquote> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="249" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/NOGxwO81fsE" width="325"></iframe><br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Video footage of an African American exploratory group's trip to Yanga, Veracruz, Mexico</b></span></div> <br /> <b><i>Reference: </i></b><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Blacks-Colonial-Veracruz-Ethnicity-Development/dp/0292712332?ie=UTF8&tag=blachisthero-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969" target="_blank">Blacks inward Colonial Veracruz: Race, Ethnicity, together with Regional Development</a><img alt=" The heritage of Africans inward United Mexican United States of America afterward Christopher Columbus is a rarely explored theme  Gaspar Yanga together with Blacks inward Mexico: 1570 African Slave Revolt inward Veracruz" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=blachisthero-20&l=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=0292712332" style="border: none !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;" width="1" />, past times Patrick J. Carroll (2001)</div>

Gaspar Yanga As Well As Blacks Inwards Mexico: 1570 African Slave Revolt Inwards Veracruz

Photo: Image of Statue of Gaspar Yanga, located inward Veracruz, United Mexican United States of America The heritage of Africans inw...

Charles F. Bolden, Jr.: Get-Go African American Nasa Administrator

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEP-Wa0FK8w_0eQ72rO14e985GlSokvGWQyyO5ad61v2lxOqOgzk88r6TIxAbrZ_e32eTHa_GISIPcyyGiuRwrYqTS88gZ_iL4waj53nxT2CXYMaAHW7lvSRDSq22LbRtV46xCVxoB9p8/s1600/Photo+of+Charles+F.+Bolden+Jr..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEP-Wa0FK8w_0eQ72rO14e985GlSokvGWQyyO5ad61v2lxOqOgzk88r6TIxAbrZ_e32eTHa_GISIPcyyGiuRwrYqTS88gZ_iL4waj53nxT2CXYMaAHW7lvSRDSq22LbRtV46xCVxoB9p8/s200/Photo+of+Charles+F.+Bolden+Jr..jpg" width="154" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Photo of Charles F. Bolden Jr., NASA Administrator </b><br /> (Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls) </td></tr> </tbody></table><blockquote style="text-align: justify;"><i>In May 2009, Charles F. Bolden, Jr. (Major General, USMC Ret.) was appointed past times U.S. President Barack Obama every 2nd the Administrator of the National Aeronautics as well as Space Administration, the caput postal service at the U.S. infinite exploration agency. </i></blockquote><div style="text-align: justify;">Born August 19, 1946 inward Columbia, South Carolina to Charles Bolden, Sr., an educator as well as caput H.S. football game coach, as well as Ethel Bolden, an educator as well as librarian whose industrial plant included establishing libraries inward Columbia's dark simple schools. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">In 1964, Bolden graduated from C.A. Johnson High School. In 1968, he earned a B.S. marker inward Electrical Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy, joining the U.S. Marine Corps the same year. In 1977, he earned a M.S. marker inward Systems Management from the University of Southern California as well as 2 years afterward graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The get-go dark administrator of NASA, Bolden was inspired past times the belatedly Ronald E. McNair, the African American astronaut that died inward the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster inward 1986. "It was Ron who inspired me to submit my application to the infinite program," said Bolden to <i>The State</i>, a South Carolina homepage. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6de9VY5anRf2eXXqTi3iDT5A64uEbR3HdpcaXvI2a5cE32aA0PO2yrjexQWyCW1B4KBGYkYJZhS0y4JUlkJCMhxRUf6tjn2S17kEoxGyxPv5Lcwt_YD__vDRaXh956CNiyqih9oYFJSU/s1600/Photo+of+Astronaut+Charles+Bolden.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6de9VY5anRf2eXXqTi3iDT5A64uEbR3HdpcaXvI2a5cE32aA0PO2yrjexQWyCW1B4KBGYkYJZhS0y4JUlkJCMhxRUf6tjn2S17kEoxGyxPv5Lcwt_YD__vDRaXh956CNiyqih9oYFJSU/s200/Photo+of+Astronaut+Charles+Bolden.jpg" width="154" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Photo of Major General Charles F. Bolden, Jr</b>.</td></tr> </tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;">In 1980, Bolden was selected to bring together NASA every 2nd an astronaut. He traveled to orbit iv times. He flew inward iv infinite shuttle missions, including piloting the Space Shuttle Columbia as well as deployment of the Hubble Space Telescope. Bolden served 34 years inward the nation of war machine earlier retiring inward 2003 every 2nd the Commanding General of the Third Marine Aircraft Wing.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Bolden is married to the quondam Alexis "Jackie" Walker. They convey 2 children, Kelly Michelle, a plastic surgeon, as well as Anthony Che, a lieutenant colonel inward the Marine Corps.  </div></div></div>

Charles F. Bolden, Jr.: Get-Go African American Nasa Administrator

Photo of Charles F. Bolden Jr., NASA Administrator (Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls) In May 2009, Charles F. Bolden, Jr. (Major General...

Dr. Wangari Maathai: Nobel Laureate African Environmentalist

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> </div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy62QhxsN8JntJ01FQKRUFChnqkqOUIjrXsloUR2q5epb73u_f9aEsjH2zmmKq9LhyOIODw7Gr6MBQu_Ci7dOR2ZRljASNZrIanIiu02kAc_uOrd7lURQTQV5ed9jxWo87RkFG22D9E50/s1600/Photo+by+Wangari+Maathai.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy62QhxsN8JntJ01FQKRUFChnqkqOUIjrXsloUR2q5epb73u_f9aEsjH2zmmKq9LhyOIODw7Gr6MBQu_Ci7dOR2ZRljASNZrIanIiu02kAc_uOrd7lURQTQV5ed9jxWo87RkFG22D9E50/s1600/Photo+by+Wangari+Maathai.jpg" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;">Photo: Nobel Laureate MD Wangari Maathai (4/1/1940 - 9/25/2011) </span></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> MD Wangari Muta Maathai was the showtime African adult woman as well as environmentalist bestowed alongside the Nobel Peace Prize. Dr. Maathai mobilized women to flora to a greater extent than than xl ane M k trees inwards Africa. She championed environmental sustainability equally a at ane time link to human sustainability as well as a tool against poverty. She was described past times Archbishop Desmond Tutu equally a leading vocalism inwards Africa.<br /> <br /> "Professor Maathai introduced the stance of women planting trees inwards Republic of Kenya to trim back poverty as well as conserve the environment," said Archbishop Tutu. Founder of the <a href="http://www.greenbeltmovement.org/">Green Belt Movement</a>. </div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> "[Maathai] volition live remembered equally a committed champion of the environment, sustainable development, womens' rights, as well as democracy," stated old U.N. Secretary General Kofi Atta Annan after her decease inwards September 2011. "Her contribution to all these causes volition forever live celebrated as well as honored."</div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <b>Early Life inwards Republic of Kenya inwards East Africa</b></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> On Apr 1, 1940, Wangari Muta was born to Muta Njugi, her father, and Wanjiru Kibicho, her woman bring upward -- a  Kikuyu farming family from the Nyeri District of Kenya, inwards the hamlet of Ihithe. She is noted equally proverb that her parents gave her an early on observe for the soil as well as its bounty. Her showtime formal studies inwards Republic of Kenya began at the historic menstruation of 8 at the Ihithe Primary School as well as later on at St. Cecilia's Intermediate Primary School inwards Nyeri as well as Loreto High School Limuru.</div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> In 1959, at the destination of British dominion inwards East Africa, a immature Wangari left Republic of Kenya to written report inwards the United States of America at Benedictine College (then Mount St. Scholastica College) inwards the nation of Kansas. She earned a Bachelors of Science inwards 1964 as well as would hap to earn a Master's of Science inwards Biological Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh. She would hap of scientific discipline as well as environmental studies at academy inwards Germany.</div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> In 1966, Maathai returned to Republic of Kenya where she was appointed question assistant to a zoology professor at University College of Nairobi as well as opened a family-run full general store inwards Nairobi. In Kenya, she would wed Mwangi Mathai as well as accept 3 children: Bangari Maathai, Sangari Maathai as well as Mangari Maathai. After an embattled divorce from Mathai, she succeeded inwards retaining the delineate solid unit of measurement advert past times adding an "a": Maathai.</div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> In 1971, Maathai became the showtime Eastern African adult woman to earn a Ph.D. when she was awarded a Doctorate of Anatomy. She became a senior lecturer, associate professor as well as chair of the Department of Veterinary Anatomy at the University of Nairobi. It was at the academy that Wangari Maathai began campaigning for equal benefits for women working at the university.</div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <b>Green Belt Movement</b></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> To honor Nairobi's community leaders, the showtime "Green Belt" tree was planted inwards the city's Kamukunji common inwards 1977. Maathai encouraged Kenyan women to flora native tree nurseries throughout Kenya, agreeing to pay them stipends for each seedling flora inwards a native wood as well as planted elsewhere.</div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> Maathai became an active environmentalist, vocalism for women as well as for African self-sufficiency. In 2009, she authored the majority "The Challenge for Africa." In the epilogue to her book, "Unbound: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Memoir", MD Maathai writes:</div> <blockquote dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <i>Trees accept been an essential business office of my life as well as have </i><i>provided me alongside many lessons. Trees are living </i><i>symbols of peace as well as hope. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 tree has roots inwards the soil </i><i>yet reaches to the sky. It tells us that inwards social club to aspire </i><i>we require to live grounded, as well as that no thing how high </i><i>we locomote it is from our roots that nosotros clitoris sustenance. It is </i><i>a reminder to all of us who accept had success that we </i><i>cannot forget where nosotros came from. It signifies that no thing how powerful nosotros locomote inwards authorities or how </i><i>many awards nosotros receive, our mightiness as well as forcefulness and </i><i>our mightiness to achieve our goals depend on the people, </i><i>those whose function remains unseen, who are the soil out </i><i>of which nosotros grow, the shoulders on which nosotros stand. </i></div> </div> </blockquote> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/IGMW6YWjMxw" width="560"></iframe>  </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> </div> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" />  <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always" /> </div>

Dr. Wangari Maathai: Nobel Laureate African Environmentalist

Photo: Nobel Laureate MD Wangari Maathai (4/1/1940 - 9/25/2011) MD Wangari Muta Maathai was the showtime African adult woman ...

African Nova Scotian: Dark Cultural Pump For Nova Scotia

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2nckXBBkD_Z-KR40Hl4IhmXCM65m9LW_1CeDvHe1HSD_PFgC3QOZ-Lh_lLWd8wa481YaM0Q2SwEdWbG4QAOhjL-AbmBE3yIhdQznk86eQsXjW9CF5tGSWXfU8Va7hNzn1nSPl3y6kTa4/s1600/Black+Cultural+Centre+for+Nova+Scotia+African-Nova+Scotian+Heritage+Museum+Library+Complex.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2nckXBBkD_Z-KR40Hl4IhmXCM65m9LW_1CeDvHe1HSD_PFgC3QOZ-Lh_lLWd8wa481YaM0Q2SwEdWbG4QAOhjL-AbmBE3yIhdQznk86eQsXjW9CF5tGSWXfU8Va7hNzn1nSPl3y6kTa4/s1600/Black+Cultural+Centre+for+Nova+Scotia+African-Nova+Scotian+Heritage+Museum+Library+Complex.jpg" /></a></div> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">BLACK CULTURAL CENTRE FOR NOVA SCOTIA -- </span>If y'all notice yourself inwards Nova Scotia, brand certain y'all catch the Black Cultural Centre for Nova Scotia. In December, the Black Cultural Centre hosts its Annual Christmas Concert.<br /> <br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li><i>Location</i>: 10 Cherrybrook Road, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia</li> <li><i>Phone</i>: (902) 434-6223 or (800) 465-0767</li> <li><i>Fax</i>: (902) 465-0767</li> <li><i>Website</i>: <a href="http://bccns.com/">bccns.com</a></li> <li><i>Hours of Operation</i>: Open year-around: Monday-Friday, 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.; Saturday, 10:00 a.m. - three p.m., June-September</li> <li><i>Admission</i>: Adults $6, seniors & students $4, household unit of measurement $20.</li> </ul> <br /> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib5BIVIuyf1zOKTjMj7mqbUeoRoickGCEd0XqTqB1ZkDDipmEgpRcNFtduCcPGthLF06Nxt7B97TgXeY6sII0kVjuTqKHWCzsO63tZREUtheVxuwxAofMB2WIrCJkh_TneK1uEoJnZdJo/s1600/Photo+of+Archive+Drawing+of+African+Diaspora+in+Canada.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib5BIVIuyf1zOKTjMj7mqbUeoRoickGCEd0XqTqB1ZkDDipmEgpRcNFtduCcPGthLF06Nxt7B97TgXeY6sII0kVjuTqKHWCzsO63tZREUtheVxuwxAofMB2WIrCJkh_TneK1uEoJnZdJo/s320/Photo+of+Archive+Drawing+of+African+Diaspora+in+Canada.jpg" width="252" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;">Photo: Portrait of a Nova Scotian of African descent </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;">attributed </span><br /> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;">to Lady Falkland, 1845. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;">Source: <a href="http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/public_mikan/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&lang=eng&rec_nbr=2884796&rec_nbr_list=2884796">Library as well as Archives Canada</a></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> The Black Cultural Centre for Nova Scotia late completed its 2011 Museum Renovation Initiative. Located inwards the oldest Black community inwards the Halifx underground area, the oculus includes demo rooms, auditorium, library, picnic surface area as well as a gift shop. The center's staff equally good offers motorbus tours of the local history of blacks inwards Nova Scotia, dating dorsum to the 1600s. Programs highlight themes related to community life, religious life, military machine service as well as migration.<br /> <br /> <b>From Nova Scotia, Canada to Sierra Leone, Africa</b><br /> <br /> In add-on to the Black Cultural Centre's resources, the local regime has equally good digitized direct records of African short town patterns inwards Nova Scotia as well as made them available through a searchable online archive.<br /> <br /> The digitized documents available from the Nova Scotia regime were originally assembled past times the belatedly Records Commission, T.B. Akins, to a greater extent than or less the subject "Refugee Negroes". Spanning from 1791-1839, the earliest documents relate to the emigration of 1200 gratis Africans inwards the eastern share of Canada to Sierra Leone. The grouping of Africans who left Nova Scotia originally immigrated afterwards the American Revolutionary War, inwards 1783, equally business office of the British Loyalist migration.<br /> <br /> The documents available from these regime archives are bully for African diaspora genealogist because they include the private names of African refugees from the rider lists of British ships landing at Beechville, Hammonds Plains, Preston as well as other locations. Documents equally good include correspondence as well as petitions to the regime past times white Nova Scotian citizens expressing draw organisation for the hard atmospheric condition faced past times the African refugees.<br /> <br /> <b>Black Nova Scotian Refugees from the War of 1812</b><br /> <br /> The Canadian digital archives equally good include data regarding the short town of 2000 African refugees inwards Nova Scotia from September 1813 to August 1815. This migration was a right away trial of the British military's War of 1812 announcement that offered Americans who deserted to the British side gratis short town inwards whatever of the British colonies if the efforts were unsuccessful.<br /> <br /> Unlike the early on emigrants to Sierra Leone, the African refugees of the War of 1812 remained, inwards bully part, inwards Nova Scotia. In 1820, the British colonial regime offered to emigrate them to Trinidad. Archive records betoken that 95 Africans chose to piece of job out for Trinidad. The tape equally good indicates that others feared migrating to Trinidad would atomic number 82 to a furnish to slavery.<br /> <br /> Searchable archive records of African short town inwards the Nova Scotia as well as emigration to West Africa as well as the Caribbean Area are at Nova Scotia Archives, available <a href="http://gov.ns.ca/nsarm/virtual/diaspora/">HERE</a>.<br /> <br /> Here's a sample of the youth music out of Nova Scotia.<br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"></ul> <div style="text-align: center;"> <object height="315" width="420"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/PvUczv3Rt_M?version=3&hl=en_US"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="http://www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/PvUczv3Rt_M?version=3&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="420" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div> <br /> <i>Until lions convey their historians, tales of the hunt shall e'er glorify </i><i>the hunter. </i>- African Proverb</div>

African Nova Scotian: Dark Cultural Pump For Nova Scotia

BLACK CULTURAL CENTRE FOR NOVA SCOTIA -- If y'all notice yourself inwards Nova Scotia, brand certain y'all catch the Blac...

Susana Baca: Ambassador Of Afro-Peruvian Music As Well As Peru's Stimulate Dark Cabinet Minister

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwipbEcEnA1Nl_h7e33JLMvOdMlXEjBDDPUNBd97-Q36WmGNgvPoJpKqVT_kmaPAG4wT9Hady6yDUzgJfxaULYxpDEEj3jE_r3Jiv1C0S5fpD6dp21j_S7XHplGQ0440AuWMKu7BOck6Q/s1600/Susana+Baca.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320px" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwipbEcEnA1Nl_h7e33JLMvOdMlXEjBDDPUNBd97-Q36WmGNgvPoJpKqVT_kmaPAG4wT9Hady6yDUzgJfxaULYxpDEEj3jE_r3Jiv1C0S5fpD6dp21j_S7XHplGQ0440AuWMKu7BOck6Q/s320/Susana+Baca.jpg" width="212px" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: Peru's Cultural Minister Susana Baca.<br /> Creative Commons/Wikipedia</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">In July 2011, Susana Baca accepted Peru's President Ollanta Humala's invitation to bring together his administration, making her the offset cabinet government minister of African descent to concur purpose inwards Peru. On accepting the post service of Cultural Minister, Baca says that i of her goals is to fighting discrimination against Peru's African in addition to indigenous populations.</span><br /> <br /> "I am the symbol of inclusion," said Baca to schoolhouse students inwards her hometown of San Luis de Canete, reported the <i>Associated Press</i>. "I don't abhor the people who segregated us, who punished us, who wound us. I simply don't desire anyone else inwards our province to instruct through what I did."<br /> <br /> Baca has an approving rating of 62 pct inwards Peru, making her the country's virtually pop cabinet minister, according to an 2011 Ipsos Apoyo poll. Baca is best known every bit a musical performer in addition to musical anthropologist of Afro-Peruvian music. She is known every bit an out-spoken advocate for human rights in addition to equality.<br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <object height="315" width="420"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/j699ftZP18Q?version=3&hl=en_US"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="http://www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/j699ftZP18Q?version=3&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="420" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div> <b><br /> </b><br /> <b>Africans inwards Peru</b><br /> <br /> In 1527, Africans arrived inwards the modern field of Republic of Peru every bit a termination of the European slave merchandise to the westward coast of Latin America. (But run across also <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=olmec-society-of-mexico-americans-and">Olmec</a>, kingdom from c. 1200 BC to 400 BC). Spain financed the institution of  sugar cane plantations using slave task inwards the river valley portion of San Luis de Canete. It was to a greater extent than than 300 years later, inwards 1854, that Republic of Peru lastly abolished slavery inwards the region. <br /> <br /> At i hollo for inwards Lima, Peru's history, people of African descent were counted every bit the bulk of this capital's citizens -- at roughly xl  percent. Today, roughly 10 pct of Peru's 29 i 1000 1000 people are of African descent, simply nether iii i 1000 1000 known. Many Afro-Peruvians induce got over again migrated to cities such every bit Lima seeking operate opportunities, reports The World Summit of Afro-Descendants. In August 2011, The World Summit of Afro-Descendants conference was held  at the National University of La Ceiba inwards Honoduras. It was sponsored inwards component division  yesteryear the United Nations in addition to designed to examine the African diaspora -- including the  estimated 150 to 200 i 1000 1000 Latin Americans of African descent.<br /> <br /> According to the World Summit's report, Africans inwards Republic of Peru induce got a high charge per unit of measurement of joblessness in addition to operate inwards low-income sectors. The operate of women similar Susana Baca helps improves weather for people inwards this region. Baca is amidst the ii pct of Afro-Peruvians who induce got earned a post-secondary education. Her operate through the Peruvian authorities may induce got a favorable touching on on laws in addition to policies impacting African in addition to indigenous people inwards Peru.<br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <object height="315" width="420"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/8HzFsJB6iuk?version=3&hl=en_US"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="http://www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/8HzFsJB6iuk?version=3&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="420" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div> <br /> <b>References: </b>African Diplomacy: <i><a href="http://africandiplomacy.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=549%3Aworld-summit-of-african-descendants-in-honduras-demands-reparations&catid=73%3Abridge-the-gap&Itemid=55&lang=en">World Summit of African Descendants inwards Republic of Honduras Demands Reparations</a>; </i>Associated Press; <i><a href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gAe0PY76_lxnEX5ahJHyOIktx0aA?docId=367f2d25a19340f48d751d04faf53555">Peru's First Black Minister: Barefoot Singer</a></i>; Frank Bajak; Sept. 2011<br /> <br /></div>

Susana Baca: Ambassador Of Afro-Peruvian Music As Well As Peru's Stimulate Dark Cabinet Minister

Photo: Peru's Cultural Minister Susana Baca. Creative Commons/Wikipedia In July 2011, Susana Baca accepted Peru's President...

The Dogon: From The Nile Valley Of Eastward Africa To The Kingdom Of Mali Inward Westward Africa

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGcT9_IsuYWkMDDiMnUVseJk46r6n_1wgoPjrFgQJc2ULhNqih_j1rPGFW_SR_acqjAcg5FV1JDG_vr3gS3iFVBaowmNcGkGQ28sVmkFYqB1Kps5EyfWiviBzVnn3CYwZ9ZYlwYNdMvXs/s1600/Dogon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGcT9_IsuYWkMDDiMnUVseJk46r6n_1wgoPjrFgQJc2ULhNqih_j1rPGFW_SR_acqjAcg5FV1JDG_vr3gS3iFVBaowmNcGkGQ28sVmkFYqB1Kps5EyfWiviBzVnn3CYwZ9ZYlwYNdMvXs/s1600/Dogon.jpg" width="217" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Dogon of Africa</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <br /> The Dogon, an ancient people inwards Africa, are mainly populated inwards the modern nations of Republic of Mali together with Burkino Faso inwards West Africa, the epicenter of the historical <a href="http://vanessa-cross.suite101.com/medieval-warfare-between-ghana-and-mali-empires-a188811">medieval Republic of Mali Empire</a>. When western anthropologists offset began to written report Dogon civilization they were baffled at the group's advanced noesis of the universe. They were specifically astonished at their intricate agreement of the Sirius planetary organization (<i>Alpha Canis Majoris</i>)<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 21px;">.</span></span><br /> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> Historical commentators believe that the Dogon's cosmological lore goes dorsum thousands of years to at to the lowest degree 3200 BC, during the pre-dynastic historic menstruation of <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=queen-tiye" target="_blank">ancient Egypt</a>, of the Kemet-Nubian line of piece of employment solid unit of measurement grouping of the Nile Valley region. Is it solely a coincident that the Dogon's oral history includes an eastern migration storey prior to their settling inwards the Bandiagara Plateau region, close the Southern border of the Sahara desert betwixt the 13th together with 16th centuries?<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD57j5xVEefCTWxYC9AqZES9htj2DkkRRpg2Kj6jyLZde6ewZSKIpQeZla-uUQFrD34TR7CCqy2LCBTeBdZlqY1i-T65rtRjxIDDDlD0K4TYkWg_A5mIyF5C8CshYS-ZUg_imZCaVLmsA/s1600/Map+of+Dogon+Mali+Burkina+Faso+Region.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="329" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD57j5xVEefCTWxYC9AqZES9htj2DkkRRpg2Kj6jyLZde6ewZSKIpQeZla-uUQFrD34TR7CCqy2LCBTeBdZlqY1i-T65rtRjxIDDDlD0K4TYkWg_A5mIyF5C8CshYS-ZUg_imZCaVLmsA/s400/Map+of+Dogon+Mali+Burkina+Faso+Region.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <br /> <br /> <b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Dogon Astronomy together with Cosmology</span></b><br /> <br /> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVFIoIqWwF-rz4I_1VGwB4NytAFg5mq1FkfumXLNvsuw63e-kIxe-ziPtsp0RxITdJdJe9CYEozZvhXyjfH29HxY-Zh6AlcPxZ5lmTTc4r7pxFVcLq0xIRgV8Ozk7pMVWbQ_VL6v-EmpY/s1600/sirius+canis+major+the+big+dog.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVFIoIqWwF-rz4I_1VGwB4NytAFg5mq1FkfumXLNvsuw63e-kIxe-ziPtsp0RxITdJdJe9CYEozZvhXyjfH29HxY-Zh6AlcPxZ5lmTTc4r7pxFVcLq0xIRgV8Ozk7pMVWbQ_VL6v-EmpY/s1600/sirius+canis+major+the+big+dog.gif" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sirius B circles Sirius H5N1 similar the<br /> populace circles the Sun.</td></tr> </tbody></table> According to French anthropologist Marcel Graiule, writer of <i>Conversations With Ogotemmeli</i>, Dogon priests pick out kept a precise reading of the ebbs together with current of Canis Major planetary bodies. Sigi Tolo is the advert the Dogon give to the distant star Sirius, every bit good  referred to every bit Sirius A. Po Tolo is the advert given to its smaller  companion star, Sirius B. Keeping together with tracking cosmological together with astronomical noesis is business office of every seem of the Dogon's communal lives. In the 1960s, when Graiule studied the Dogon, he institute a social fellowship void of murder together with theft. It included an elderberry mediation procedure that resolved the disputes that arose inside Dogon communities -- addressing such issues every bit who has liability for damages when a man's caprine animal destroys belongings belonging to his neighbor.<br /> <br /> For thousands of years, Dogon social together with cultural systems were designed to recollect together with trek planetary bodies that pick out been after verified every bit right mapping. The Dogon gained this noesis without the exercise of physical telescopes. From documentary footage almost the Dogon, it appears that they dwell alongside the cliffs together with exercise the peaks of mount together with colina tops to anchor together with mensurate planetary movements, aided past times our pattern of rotation some the sun.<br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ30WTsnXuSuEVv9keNyZ7SahFh-3SEZCaKeKMLyqpxkZ-N7jf7s2bjxXkvHHKEclnW7F4PUPIThN9d5v6kk4OqI_OZBig9AHAQ8gm151MSzzXqtrykdhSqd6cDWlhtbLiiVwASnOPvX4/s1600/dogon_rite_of_passage2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ30WTsnXuSuEVv9keNyZ7SahFh-3SEZCaKeKMLyqpxkZ-N7jf7s2bjxXkvHHKEclnW7F4PUPIThN9d5v6kk4OqI_OZBig9AHAQ8gm151MSzzXqtrykdhSqd6cDWlhtbLiiVwASnOPvX4/s320/dogon_rite_of_passage2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px; text-align: center;">Youth viewing Dogon stone drawings.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> For the Dogon, patterns together with symbols related to planetary noesis is embedded inwards rituals, architecture, sand drawings, etc. The Dogon are aware that Po Tolo (Sirius B) has a 50-year elliptical orbit some the super dense Sigi Tolo (Sirius A).  Knowledge of Sirius B was non discovered past times western astronomers until 1970 when photographed past times Irving Lindenblad of the USA Naval Observatory.<br /> <br /> <b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">The Nile Valley together with the Sirius Connection</span></b><br /> <br /> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9MMEPWUTdI3prIioaQqsKdsXLaxOoAAj71vRt15piDuXJH9BLKRbLQH6c3Rc6RcKr7vIzJcnbC38OVIKoReS5RHXbifK9bI4VwclGpRZZ4YI8uRwt3zeUMS_k_bBflNCm1iVHn6vkQ3U/s1600/orion.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9MMEPWUTdI3prIioaQqsKdsXLaxOoAAj71vRt15piDuXJH9BLKRbLQH6c3Rc6RcKr7vIzJcnbC38OVIKoReS5RHXbifK9bI4VwclGpRZZ4YI8uRwt3zeUMS_k_bBflNCm1iVHn6vkQ3U/s320/orion.gif" width="237" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Seen clearly inwards Africa, the Canis Major <br /> is i of Orion's bang-up hunting dogs<br /> (<i>See also</i> Canis Minor). </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> The <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=queen-tiye" target="_blank">Kemet</a> storey of Osiris together with Isis were developed together with recalled past times other Nile valley civilizations such every bit Nubia together with Kush -- all of which position the Sirius constellation organization every bit the domestic dog star (Canis Major), a manifestation of Anubu (aka Upuaut or "Opener of the Ways"; Greek: Anubis). In Nile valley creation stories, Anubu is a cardinal actor. He is likely best known for his purpose inwards the battle betwixt the brothers Set together with Osiris.<br /> <br /> When Set disassembles the trunk of his blood brother Osiris, Isis reassembles the trunk pieces together with delivers them to Anubu who performs embalming rites that convey Osiris dorsum to life. Anubu is every bit good associated with Osiris every bit his boy -- making him the blood brother of Horus (hour/time).<br /> <br /> Anubu is every bit good known alongside Nile valley civilizations every bit the i who protects together with guides the spirits of the dead across the waters (Nun) of the underworld (Duat or the Hall of Two Truths). Anubu reigned over the procedure of mummification together with embalming, leading the souls of the dead to the Hall of Two Truths for the proclamation of the <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=queen-tiye" target="_blank">42 Laws of Maat</a> and the weighing of the pump past times the goddess of constabulary together with justice, Ma'at.<br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf_9BTi06q4GNGXUT194ewm6ySB6_QVhnOT6C1KsqymPW6B4iA7jMVF8hYrpwjs63NcNiGG3sNBBu2Xwgtnet1kr3FCVngkR3Q-UglFgYOfDyrR211drFkjNRohPikF2z3NgC8rJ1xsyg/s1600/anubis.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf_9BTi06q4GNGXUT194ewm6ySB6_QVhnOT6C1KsqymPW6B4iA7jMVF8hYrpwjs63NcNiGG3sNBBu2Xwgtnet1kr3FCVngkR3Q-UglFgYOfDyrR211drFkjNRohPikF2z3NgC8rJ1xsyg/s320/anubis.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ancient icon representing Anubu (greek: Anubis / Canis Major).</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3JxuHAvCyUf6nfoQVBN97xFm0SnX5Pju4GAAAAlrYaBRuA-ra6iG7Mkl3KCJaWfvCZAg0JPlMtiKJCmbQ__pj674tvoc55XkKFOftZEZ1PdwOzD8llDk8RO91ApCEh3knsQ5yVz5664Y/s1600/Anubu+Anubis+Anu-Nkian+Nommos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3JxuHAvCyUf6nfoQVBN97xFm0SnX5Pju4GAAAAlrYaBRuA-ra6iG7Mkl3KCJaWfvCZAg0JPlMtiKJCmbQ__pj674tvoc55XkKFOftZEZ1PdwOzD8llDk8RO91ApCEh3knsQ5yVz5664Y/s1600/Anubu+Anubis+Anu-Nkian+Nommos.jpg" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Ancient Kmt icon representing Anubu / Anubis / Dog Star (right).</td></tr> </tbody></table> <b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Nommo Cosmology together with the Dogon Creation Story</span></b><br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0jvlWc-c2peqgKmaShzkJ41TMjl4JEXwz8Z38txG0orHu7aM-wkARH6lfZf1g79VjPAcg-JIvp2QkcD0AN8NG0LHLTqHRUyZt2E0wplQfoJufH5dZR0AF9LMT0x9yyJNfdQ9krS7KaFA/s1600/Photo+of+Nommo+the+fish+God.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0jvlWc-c2peqgKmaShzkJ41TMjl4JEXwz8Z38txG0orHu7aM-wkARH6lfZf1g79VjPAcg-JIvp2QkcD0AN8NG0LHLTqHRUyZt2E0wplQfoJufH5dZR0AF9LMT0x9yyJNfdQ9krS7KaFA/s320/Photo+of+Nommo+the+fish+God.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;">An odd graffiti photographed past times <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/jwtaylor/30354128/lightbox/">Scotch Mist</a> in </span><br /> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #fefefe; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px;">Edinburgh, Scotland (Creative Commons/Flickr).</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> The Dogon's creation storey has its source on Po Tolo (Sirius B). According to the Dogon, Nommo came from the Sirius star system, which is some 8.7 low-cal years away but withal vivid inwards our black sky. According to the creation story, the Nommo traveled to populace past times ark and, upon arrival, morphed into the 8 mythical human ancestors -- iv manful individual together with iv woman individual (<i>See also</i> Tehuti (aka Thoth), Ogdoad, Rebirth, Golden Age). Over time, the offset human ancestors mated together with birthed all of humanity. Even today, the Dogon pray to Nommo for rain, a prayer they tell was taught to them past times the Nommo. The Dogon pelting trip the low-cal fantastic is similar to that of the Native American and involves raising of hands, chanting together with making offerings.</div> </div>

The Dogon: From The Nile Valley Of Eastward Africa To The Kingdom Of Mali Inward Westward Africa

The Dogon of Africa The Dogon, an ancient people inwards Africa, are mainly populated inwards the modern nations of Republic of Mali ...