What Harriet Tubman Teaches Us Today

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <i><span class="st"><i></i></span></i></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD1YSZrdfGAocni5GF-9a20rJ8MmPRl1lSqJOeIk3GYZOP5YFsLVYL9i4AoTLo58kELRB5HQip8Q7OhvHelvxa9vPE9piyvGfktbhnKiwec-igpEN-UwCUpmUf9RplBxDGlbWBAXe-Ndo/s1600/Photo+Harriet+Tubman+1911.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD1YSZrdfGAocni5GF-9a20rJ8MmPRl1lSqJOeIk3GYZOP5YFsLVYL9i4AoTLo58kELRB5HQip8Q7OhvHelvxa9vPE9piyvGfktbhnKiwec-igpEN-UwCUpmUf9RplBxDGlbWBAXe-Ndo/s640/Photo+Harriet+Tubman+1911.jpg" width="477" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: Harriet Tubman, The Moses of Her People <span class="st">(born circa 1825 – died March 10, 1913)</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <i></i></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span class="st"><i>Harriet Tubman</i> was an African adult woman as well as anti-slavery activist inwards the eastern Atlantic coastal part that would locomote known every bit the New England as well as after the United States of America of America. </span>Tubman carried out cloak-and-dagger operations against slavery that could competition the most sophisticated armed forces strategies known to Western armed forces lore. If y'all are wondering why her story is non revered to a greater extent than inwards United States of America history, it is because she symbolizes the defeat of the myth of European govern over African people.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <i style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBWgI_khhkJZ-hukKPTd1Sf95VGMa3OZ13T56FFZeV2QAzfNPPCGacSkCGmXw8kS-5JlvGqIq6IIgnc-rdsdXvPmezKIYQzXKO4tynqDzcDBb5FccF-K4htsKfwmgFdC1KFDpTXKXICXM/s200/Photo+of+Harriet+Tubman+1885+by+H.+Seymour+Squyer.jpg" width="119" /></i> An exact appointment of nativity for Tubman is unknown, but commentators written report that she believed she was born inwards 1825, accounts vary from 1820 to 1825. Her parents were Harriet Green as well as Benjamin Ross, a captured as well as enslaved African dyad who named their daughter kid Araminta Ross. The mention Araminta also arises with the children of Africa inwards Salvador, Bahia. There is also the metropolis of <span class="st"><i>Aramita</i> inwards the Oyam District, inwards the Northern Region of Uganda. The accounts are non clear every bit to the exact origins of her parents inwards Africa. Her maternal grandmother, whose mention was Modesty, is her earliest known ancestor born inwards Africa. Her grandmother would acquire inwards into slavery with the Patterson identify unit of measurement along the Eastern Shore of Maryland, a</span>ccording to the biographer Catherine Clinton's mass <i>Harriet Tubman: The Road to Freedom</i>. Araminta Ross had brothers as well as sisters as well as would get hitched with as well as receive got children of her own. In 1844, at the historic catamenia of 25, she married <a href="http://www.math.buffalo.edu/ sww/0history/hwny-tubman.html" target="_blank">John Tubman</a>. She married Nelson Davis inwards 1869 as well as they shared nineteen years inwards marriage. After becoming free, she changed her mention to Harriet -- the mention of her mother.</div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> What receive got nosotros learned from Harriet Tubman? I asked this enquiry during times when musicians as well as artists of African descent experience it appropriate to fictionalize her life through imagery that would convey debauchery upon her legacy. While comments require review at this weblog earlier posting due to efforts to crash the weblog through comments, I encourage y'all to part your ain thoughts virtually Tubman here.<b> </b></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <i><b>Where Do We Go From Here?</b></i></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <i><br /></i></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> In 1967, when MD Martin Luther King, Jr. penned his Atlantic vocalization communication <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=dr-martin-luther-king-jr-atlanta-speech" target="_blank">Where Do We Go From Here?</a> King must receive got been channeling our ancestors, including Harriet Tubman. For Tubman, the answer to this historic catamenia old enquiry of a long wandering people, people of an ancient lineage - the oldest - was clearly that nosotros must non maintain a presence with those who would enslave our real bodies. While physical slavery with Africans has been overcome, inwards pregnant work -- I volition acquire out tidings of the prison theatre industrial complex every bit physical slavery to but about other solar daytime -- the biggest challenge facing African families inwards the diaspora today is systemic racism that is fueled past times the continued myth of European superiority. This translates inwards our daily lives into the marginalization of African identify unit of measurement life at diverse levels: spiritually, psychologically, economically, etc. </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> Where produce nosotros locomote from here? We must maintain our cultural integrity with a people who would exploit our talents to promote debase cultural arts. We must found community institutions as well as identify unit of measurement structures that promote existent liberty for our children. We must laurels the old civil rights. These are all fights worth undertaking. </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <i><b>Save Yourself - By Any Means Necessary</b></i></div> </div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> There has been a long running dictomy inside African cultures since fourth dimension immemorial. Malcolm X as well as King were examples of but 1 of those dictomies, representing the African Muslim human being as well as the African Christian man. What the 2 men shared was the 1 swell aim towards the liberty of African people. Nothing extra, but fair chance similar everyone else on the planet.<br /> <br /> Harriet Tubman did non hold off on anyone to gratis her from the bondage of physical slavery. She did non hold off on a leader to ascent up. She became the leader. She proclaimed herself free. Equipped with a steadfast conclusion that liberty was her natural lot as well as no human had a correct to receive got that away from her, Tubman teaches us that nosotros must outset salve ourselves, past times whatever agency necessary. </div> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9FWJKZNe_Wsl3vbTRj1z1p01177sAYxmlMALEFrBiSjEWzmIjSZqzFNCMfaW1m7rlrFrSH927-VMjTjsk28pVYfkbfEtAdGPdtwen-E0OYOgXG1GdQpnatleN9twrMJpqoH8WALRG87w/s1600/Image+of+Harriet+Tubman+Runaway+Slave+Reward+Notice+1849.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9FWJKZNe_Wsl3vbTRj1z1p01177sAYxmlMALEFrBiSjEWzmIjSZqzFNCMfaW1m7rlrFrSH927-VMjTjsk28pVYfkbfEtAdGPdtwen-E0OYOgXG1GdQpnatleN9twrMJpqoH8WALRG87w/s400/Image+of+Harriet+Tubman+Runaway+Slave+Reward+Notice+1849.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr> <tr align="justify"></tr> </tbody></table> <blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">The Cambridge Democrat promised a vantage for the recovery of "MINTY, aged virtually 27 years, is of a chestnut color, fine looking, as well as virtually five feet high." She would fetch $50 if located inwards Maryland. During the 1930s, the creative individual Jacob Lawrence depicted the life of Harriet Tubman as well as included a runaway notice every bit text for 1 of the 31 images inwards his fine art panels. The caption stated "negro girl, Harriet, sometimes called Minty. Is black chestnut color, rather stout build, but vivid as well as handsome. Speaks rather deep as well as has a scar over the left temple."</span></blockquote> </blockquote> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody></tbody></table> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOvOCu257NUrdzJ8enaGmiCG7CxnZXQVSsUzYIMwEW8kpHisloVeC_uNGrfS2TwQAPBzUv6T08as7RZ55qc2YQRJC6Idf9dGPm6DwoOmMJ8gpTn96d06ze3BZMdCBdVz2SUs95MhraOUw/s1600/tubman-500.jpg"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOvOCu257NUrdzJ8enaGmiCG7CxnZXQVSsUzYIMwEW8kpHisloVeC_uNGrfS2TwQAPBzUv6T08as7RZ55qc2YQRJC6Idf9dGPm6DwoOmMJ8gpTn96d06ze3BZMdCBdVz2SUs95MhraOUw/s1600/tubman-500.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOvOCu257NUrdzJ8enaGmiCG7CxnZXQVSsUzYIMwEW8kpHisloVeC_uNGrfS2TwQAPBzUv6T08as7RZ55qc2YQRJC6Idf9dGPm6DwoOmMJ8gpTn96d06ze3BZMdCBdVz2SUs95MhraOUw/s320/tubman-500.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> </div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody></tbody></table> <i><b> </b></i><br /> <i><b>Don't Look Back - No Fear</b></i></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;" trbidi="on"> Before Harriet Tubman escaped, she spoke of a recurring dream of a "flight" to freedom:<br /> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>"flying over fields as well as towns, as well as rivers as well as mountains, looking downwards upon them 'like a bird,' as well as reaching at final a swell fence, or sometimes a river, over which she would attempt to fly.... It "'peared similar I wouldn't receive got the strength, as well as but every bit I was sinkin' down, at that spot would survive ladies all drest inwards white over there, as well as they would issue their arms as well as clit me 'cross." -- From </i>Harriet Tubman, the Moses of Her People<i>, Sarah Bradford (1993).</i></blockquote> One of Harriet Tubman's legacy stories is that when she took her freedom, she went dorsum to gratis others. She became 1 of those ladies all dressed inwards white who would aid clit those over who dared to wing to freedom.<br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD1YSZrdfGAocni5GF-9a20rJ8MmPRl1lSqJOeIk3GYZOP5YFsLVYL9i4AoTLo58kELRB5HQip8Q7OhvHelvxa9vPE9piyvGfktbhnKiwec-igpEN-UwCUpmUf9RplBxDGlbWBAXe-Ndo/s1600/Photo+Harriet+Tubman+1911.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD1YSZrdfGAocni5GF-9a20rJ8MmPRl1lSqJOeIk3GYZOP5YFsLVYL9i4AoTLo58kELRB5HQip8Q7OhvHelvxa9vPE9piyvGfktbhnKiwec-igpEN-UwCUpmUf9RplBxDGlbWBAXe-Ndo/s200/Photo+Harriet+Tubman+1911.jpg" width="149" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr> </tbody></table> Along the way, at that spot were those who decided at but about signal along the journeying that the toll of liberty was also high. The fright of the flying to liberty became also great. They would rather plough dorsum to the plantation life of slavery. Well, somebody should receive got told them virtually our ancestor Tubman. As 1 of the master conductors of the Underground Railroad, the passage on her educate was a one-way ticket. No halt overs as well as no provide tickets. <br /> <br /> This was reasonable. Slaveholders treated slaves every bit commodities, promoting childbearing to increase their belongings interests. These same slavers would receive got no remorse on a returned slave when it came to torturing the liberty route correct out of him. The brutality that such a slave would undergo is beyond our modern capacity to imagine. Tubman could non receive got the jeopardy of having slavers on her track. You either maintain towards liberty or y'all die. </div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <i><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Don't Look Back - But Do Reach Back</b></span></i></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: small;">A fugitive daughter inwards her twenties ventured from the exclusively domicile she knew hoping to detect freedom. When Harriet Tubman left the slave nation of Maryland during September 1849, she was a spouse who had to acquire out her ain married adult man behind because he did non part her dream of freedom. She made a treacherous journeying that required a mighty nervus as well as resourcefulness, peculiarly for a woman. In the night, led past times the North Star, she did non know when the audio of bloodhounds were aimed for her or others. She would receive got to depend on all the teachings of her people to navigate through unknown lands.</span></div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> When Tubman arrived inwards the gratis North, southeastern Pennsylvania, most of Delaware as well as northeastern Maryland contained the largest concentration of gratis Africans inwards the nation. By 1850, to a greater extent than Africans resided inwards these 3 states than gratis Africans inwards all other states combined. Tubman sought refuge inwards Philadelphia where liberties with Black Philadephians were quite striking inwards price of mobility as well as economical opportunity.<br /> <br /> When compared to her one-time Maryland home, gratis Africans had their ain institutions: churches as well as charities, edifice as well as loan collectives, insurance as well as burial societies, divide branches of the Masons as well as other learned club groups. Soon, every bit the issue of Africans grew, along with their prosperity, Northern cities similar Philadelphia began enacting an increasing issue of Fugitive Slave Laws, Bloodhound Laws as well as Slave Codes to acquire by the growing anxiety that this prosperity created with the European populations.<br /> <br /> Despite these challenges, Harriet Tubman found work inwards the North as well as became self supporting. Why would Tubman locomote dorsum into the slave territories to gratis others inwards the early on 1850s? Fugitives spent major resources evading the possible sight of slavers who had also built cloak-and-dagger channels aimed at recovering the bodies of Africans they believed belonged to them.<br /> <br /> Tubman had secured function inwards the North. She had liberty of mobility as well as lived inwards a large metropolis with many comforts similar many of us today. There is no way to genuinely know what convinced Tubman, a adult woman with a bounty over her head, that she herself must locomote dorsum into the slavers territory to aid rescue others. It may receive got come upwards outset from her beloved for her family. Biographers written report that her outset mission was to convey her niece, Kizzy, as well as Kizzy's off-springs out of slavery. The tidings was that they were scheduled to appear earlier a slaver's auction block. <br /> <br /> Looking back, how many of us would locomote back? Does Sankofa but symbolize looking dorsum at history with the comfort of a perceived distance, or does it hateful looking dorsum to encounter improve what's going on correct now? In today's world, with all its ills, who would survive a modify agent for a to a greater extent than peaceful as well as gratis society? How many are willing to risk their ain liberty to aid but about other gain freedom? How many are grappling with their ain personal liberty choices inwards today's world? The legacy of Harriet Tubman is powerful as well as has much to learn us today.</div> </div> </div>

What Harriet Tubman Teaches Us Today

Photo: Harriet Tubman, The Moses of Her People (born circa 1825 – died March 10, 1913) Harriet Tubman was an African adult woman...

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Hannibal: Dominion Of The Carthaginians Inwards Africa Too Europe

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOs0MM0QqThByXCGNkJZ_CJHLJR9gD2t3KIvbdfOnqo3CqHfF5_f_qtgELWSCT44tbSLMgsj5N1NYMk64PZIgw4H7Vrf34bvRTTkF9VQiRQzb4whOyrnQ0gUwNgvJbOoRcRzKHHC0BP5I/s1600/Hannibal+Fresco+Capitolinec+1510.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOs0MM0QqThByXCGNkJZ_CJHLJR9gD2t3KIvbdfOnqo3CqHfF5_f_qtgELWSCT44tbSLMgsj5N1NYMk64PZIgw4H7Vrf34bvRTTkF9VQiRQzb4whOyrnQ0gUwNgvJbOoRcRzKHHC0BP5I/s400/Hannibal+Fresco+Capitolinec+1510.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10.909090995788574px; line-height: 15.82386302947998px; text-align: left;">Hannibal's celebrated feat inwards crossing the Alps with </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_elephant" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10.909090995788574px; line-height: 15.82386302947998px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;" title="Hannibal: Rule of the Carthaginians inwards Africa together with Europe">war elephants</a><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10.909090995788574px; line-height: 15.82386302947998px; text-align: left;"> passed into European legend: </span><br /> <span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10.909090995788574px; line-height: 15.82386302947998px; text-align: left;">detail of a fresco past times Jacopo Ripanda, </span><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10.909090995788574px; line-height: 15.82386302947998px; text-align: left;">ca. 1510, Capitoline Museums, Rome. </span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Put <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=hannibal-barca-of-carthage-north-africa" target="_blank">Hannibal</a> inwards the scales: how many pounds volition that peerless </i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>General grade upwards today? This is the homo for whom Africa</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Was also small-scale a continent, though it stretched from the surf-beaten</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Ocean shores of Kingdom of Morocco due east to the stormy Nile,</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>To tribal Ethiopia, together with novel elephants’ habitats.</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Now Espana swells his empire, similar a shot he surmounts</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>The Pyrenees. Nature sets inwards his path</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>High Alpine passes, blizzards of snow: only he splits</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>The really rocks asunder, moves mountains amongst vinegar.</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Now Italia is his, yet nevertheless he forces on:</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>‘We convey accomplished nothing,’ he cries,’ till nosotros convey stormed</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>The gates of Rome, till our Carthaginian standard</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Is laid upwards inwards the City’s heart.’ H5N1 fine sight it must convey been,</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Fit dependent champaign for caricature — the one-eyed commander</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Perched on his monstrous beast! Alas, alas for glory,</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>What an goal was here: the defeat, the ignominious</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Headlong flying into exile, everyone gawping at</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>The once-mighty Hannibal turned humble hanger-on,</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Sitting exterior the door of a piffling Eastern despot</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Till His Majesty deign to wake. No sword, no spear,</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>No battle-flung stone was to snuff the fiery spirit</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>That i time had wrecked a world: those crushing defeats,</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Those rivers of spilt blood were all wiped out past times a</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Ring, a poisoned ring. On, on, you lot madman, drive</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Over your brutal Alps, to thrill immature schoolboys</i></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>And provide a topic for speech-day recitations!</i></span></h3> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>-- Juvenal, Satire X, lines 147-67 (Translated past times Peter Green)</i></blockquote> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8lfkFc7YH3vZx8VbfDe1Oi8E7E-L6G0u6BhXMEvWzAMbG59Z9GWHaWUxku1zqMXIN2uqwKrU2eOFtFopHVDL5L3sEIJEeF7w7rDT3y-aQgrhqxGoDD0pniVf0ZNIvjAW5b0iDuCV9Dto/s1600/Hannibal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8lfkFc7YH3vZx8VbfDe1Oi8E7E-L6G0u6BhXMEvWzAMbG59Z9GWHaWUxku1zqMXIN2uqwKrU2eOFtFopHVDL5L3sEIJEeF7w7rDT3y-aQgrhqxGoDD0pniVf0ZNIvjAW5b0iDuCV9Dto/s320/Hannibal.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=hannibal-barca-of-carthage-north-africa" target="_blank"><br /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=hannibal-barca-of-carthage-north-africa" target="_blank">Read Blog About Hannibal Here</a></div> </div>

Hannibal: Dominion Of The Carthaginians Inwards Africa Too Europe

Hannibal's celebrated feat inwards crossing the Alps with  war elephants  passed into European legend:  detail of a fresco past time...

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Henry Highland Garnet: An Address To The Slaves Of The United States Of America

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJIso6RUS3FHLTnS7JDpXf0aSQgdui50zp38kRZ6RsNprMIFlehhCi3qg93P4HurC1ioeJ-UZFmI1ZpY0kMTJIB4vLiRSeO11TvZuahhNxPpF30H3PfSNYkHzdVxQObIDldHiZhetnXsA/s1600/Photo+Henry+Highland+Garnet+circa+1881.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJIso6RUS3FHLTnS7JDpXf0aSQgdui50zp38kRZ6RsNprMIFlehhCi3qg93P4HurC1ioeJ-UZFmI1ZpY0kMTJIB4vLiRSeO11TvZuahhNxPpF30H3PfSNYkHzdVxQObIDldHiZhetnXsA/s1600/Photo+Henry+Highland+Garnet+circa+1881.jpg" width="252" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: Henry Highland Garnet, circa 1881. <br /> National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution</td></tr> </tbody></table> <i>Henry Highland Garnet (b. Dec 23, 1815 – d. Feb 13, 1882) was oft categorized equally a radical abolitionist minister because he discussed civil disobedience, including armed resistance. Born into the United States' slavery organization inwards 1815 Maryland, at the estate of Colonel William Spencer, past times historic catamenia 9, Garnet would escape with his father, a captured Mandingo chief. His virile someone raise led the identify unit of measurement through the <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=what-harriet-tubman-teaches-us-today" target="_blank">Underground Railroad</a> organization from Maryland to Delaware, Pennsylvania and, finally, New York. This would grade merely the firstly of Garnet's many challenges to alive costless with the racially volatile Europeans of the Americas who were bent on maintaining Africans equally a slave class.</i> <br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> AN ADDRESS TO THE SLAVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA  </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> BY HENRY HIGHLAND GARNET. <br /> ______________________  </div> <br /> This Address, past times Henry Highland Garnet, was made earlier the National Convention of Colored Citizens on August 16, 1843 inwards Buffalo, New York <br /> <br /> Brethren as well as Fellow-Citizens: Your brethren of the North, East, as well as West take hold been accustomed to come across together inwards National Conventions, to understand with each other, as well as to shout over your unhappy condition. In these meetings nosotros take hold addressed all classes of the free, but nosotros take hold never, until this time, sent a give-and-take of consolation as well as advice to you. We take hold been contented inwards sitting nevertheless as well as mourning over your sorrows, earnestly hoping that earlier this twenty-four hr catamenia your sacred liberties would take hold been restored. But, nosotros take hold hoped inwards vain. Years take hold rolled on, as well as tens of thousands take hold been borne on streams of blood as well as tears, to the shores of eternity. While you lot take hold been oppressed, nosotros take hold also been partakers with you; nor tin can nosotros live costless patch you lot are enslaved. We, therefore, write to you lot equally beingness boundary with you. <br /> <br /> Many of you lot are boundary to us, non only past times the ties of a mutual humanity, but nosotros are connected past times the to a greater extent than tender relations of parents, wives, husbands, children, brothers, as well as sisters, as well as friends. As such nosotros most affectionately address you. <br /> <br /> Slavery has fixed a deep gulf betwixt you lot as well as us, as well as patch it shuts out from you lot the relief as well as consolation which your friends would willingly render, it afflicts as well as persecutes you lot with a fierce- ness which nosotros powerfulness non await to catch inwards the fiends of hell. But nevertheless the Almighty Father of mercies has left to us a glimmering ray of hope, which shines out similar a solitary star inwards a cloudy sky. Mankind are becoming wiser, as well as better—the oppressor’s ability is fading, as well as you, every day, are becoming ameliorate informed, as well as to a greater extent than numerous. Your grievances, brethren, are many. We shall non attempt, inwards this curt address, to introduce to the world all the dark catalogue of this nation’s sins, which take hold been committed upon an innocent people. Nor is it indeed necessary, for you lot experience them from twenty-four hr catamenia to day, as well as all the civilized world expression upon them with amazement.<br /> <br /> Two hundred as well as twenty-seven years ago, the firstly of our injured race were brought to the shores of America. They came non with glad spirits to select their homes inwards the New World. They came non with their ain consent, to uncovering an unmolested enjoyment of the blessings of this fruitful soil. The firstly dealings they had with men calling themselves Christians, exhibited to them the worst features of corrupt, as well as sordid hearts: as well as convinced them that no cruelty is also great, no villainy as well as no robbery also abhorrent for fifty-fifty enlightened men to perform, when influenced past times avarice as well as lust. Neither did they come upwards flight upon the wings of Liberty, to a dry soil of freedom. But they came with broken hearts, from their dear native land, as well as were doomed to unrequited toil as well as deep degradation. Nor did the evil of their bondage terminate at their emancipation past times death. Succeeding generations inherited their chains, as well as millions take hold come upwards from eternity into time, as well as take hold returned in i trial to a greater extent than to the world of spirits, cursed as well as ruined past times American slavery. <br /> <br /> The propagators of the system, or their immediate ancestors, really presently discovered its growing evil, as well as its tremendous wickedness, as well as cloak-and-dagger promises were made to destroy it. The gross inconsistency of a people belongings slaves, who had themselves “ferried o’er the wave” for freedom’s sake, was also apparent to live alone over-looked. The vocalisation of Freedom cried, “Emancipate your slaves.” Humanity supplicated with tears for the deliverance of the children of Africa. Wisdom urged her solemn plea. The haemorrhage captive pleaded his innocence, as well as pointed to Christianity who stood weeping at the cross. Jehovah frowned upon the nefarious institution, as well as thunderbolts, cherry-red with vengeance, struggled to fountain forth to nail the guilty wretches who maintained it. But all was vain. Slavery had stretched its dark wings of expiry over the land, the Church stood silently by—the priests prophesied falsely, as well as the people loved to take hold it so. Its throne is established, as well as at nowadays it reigns triumphant. <br /> <br /> Nearly 3 millions of your fellow-citizens are prohibited past times police delineate as well as world persuasion (which inwards this province is stronger than law) from reading the Book of Life. Your intellect has been destroyed equally much equally possible, as well as every ray of lite they take hold attempted to closed out from your minds. The oppressors themselves take hold larn involved inwards the ruin. They take hold larn weak, sensual, as well as rapacious—they take hold cursed you—they take hold cursed themselves—they take hold cursed the world which they take hold trod.<br /> <br /> The colonies threw the blame upon England. They said that the woman raise province entailed the evil upon them, as well as that they would rid themselves of it if they could. The world idea they were sincere, as well as the philanthropic pitied them. But fourth dimension presently tested their sincerity. In a few years the colonists grew strong, as well as severed themselves from the British Government. Their independence was declared, as well as they took their station with the sovereign powers of the earth. The annunciation was a glorious document. Sages admired it, as well as the patriotic of every state reverenced the God-like sentiments which it contained. When the ability of Government returned to their hands, did they emancipate the slaves? No; they rather added novel links to our chains. Were they ignorant of the principles of Liberty? Certainly they were not. The sentiments of their revolutionary orators fell inwards burning eloquence upon their hearts, as well as with i vocalisation they cried,<i> Liberty or death</i>. Oh what a judgement was that! It ran from soul to soul similar electrical fire, as well as nerved the arm of thousands to struggle inwards the holy crusade of Freedom. Among the multifariousness of opinions that are entertained inwards regard to physical resistance, in that location are but a few found to gainsay that stern declaration. We are with those who exercise not. <br /> <br /> <i>Slavery!</i> How much misery is comprehended inwards that unmarried word. What hear is in that location that does non shrink from its direful effects? Unless the icon of God live obliterated from the soul, all men cherish the love of Liberty. The squeamish discerning political economist does non regard the sacred correct to a greater extent than than the untutored African who roams inwards the wilds of Congo. Nor has the i to a greater extent than correct to the sum enjoyment of his liberty than the other. In every man’s hear the proficient seeds of liberty are planted, as well as he who brings his swain downwardly so low, equally to brand him contented with a status of slavery, commits the highest criminal offense against God as well as man. Brethren, your oppressors aim to exercise this. They endeavor to brand you lot equally much similar brutes equally possible. When they take hold blinded the eyes of your hear when they take hold embittered the sugariness waters of life—when they take hold closed out the lite which shines from the give-and-take of God—then, as well as non till then, has American slavery done its perfect work. <br /> <br /> <i>To such degradation it is sinful inwards the Extreme for you lot to brand voluntary submission</i>. The divine commandments you lot are inwards duty boundary to reverence as well as obey. If you lot exercise non obey them, you lot volition for sure come across with the displeasure of the Almighty. He requires you lot to love him supremely, as well as your vecino equally yourself—to move on the Sabbath twenty-four hr catamenia holy—to search the Scriptures—and take upwards your children with honor for his laws, as well as to worship no other God but him. But slavery sets all these at nought, as well as hurls defiance inwards the human face upwards of Jehovah. The forlorn status inwards which you lot are placed, does non destroy your moral obligation to God. You are non sure of heaven, because you lot endure yourselves to stay inwards a province of slavery, where you lot cannot obey the commandments of the Sovereign of the universe. If the ignorance of slavery is a passport to heaven, as well as so it is a blessing, as well as no curse, as well as you lot should rather wishing its perpetuity than its abolition. God volition non have slavery, nor ignorance, nor whatever other province of mind, for love as well as obedience to him. Your status does non absolve you lot from your moral obligation. The diabolical injustice past times which your liberties are cloven down, <i>neither God; nor angels, or merely men, ascendancy you lot to endure for a unmarried moment. Therefore it is your solemn as well as imperative duty to utilisation every means, both moral; intellectual as well as physical that promises success.</i> If a band of infidel men should elbow grease to enslave a race of Christians, as well as to identify their children nether the influence of some faux religion, surely, Heaven would frown upon the men who would non resist such aggression, fifty-fifty to death. If, on the other hand, a band of Christians should elbow grease to enslave a race of infidel men, as well as to entail slavery upon them, as well as to move on them inwards heathenism inwards the midst of Christianity, the God of sky would grin upon every elbow grease which the injured powerfulness brand to dis-enthrall themselves. <br /> <br /> Brethren, it is equally incorrect for your lordly oppressors to move on you lot inwards slavery, equally it was for the human thief to pocket our ancestors from the coast of Africa. You should hence at nowadays utilisation the same way of resistance, equally would take hold been merely inwards our ancestors, when the bloody footprints of the firstly remorseless soul-thief was placed upon the shores of our fatherland. The humblest peasant is equally costless inwards the sight of God equally the proudest monarch that always swayed a sceptre. Liberty is a spirit sent out from God, as well as similar its groovy Author, is no respecter of persons. <br /> <br /> Brethren, the fourth dimension has come upwards when you lot must human activity for yourselves. It is an onetime as well as truthful proverb that, “if hereditary bondmen would live free, they must themselves strike the blow.” You tin can plead your ain cause, as well as exercise the function of emancipation ameliorate than whatever others. The nations of the onetime world are moving inwards the groovy crusade of universal freedom, as well as some of them at to the lowest degree will, ere long, exercise you lot justice. The combined powers of Europe take hold placed their wide seal of disapprobation upon the African slave-trade. But inwards the slave-holding parts of the United States, the merchandise is equally brisk equally ever. They purchase as well as sell you lot equally though you lot were brute beasts. The North has done much—her persuasion of slavery inwards the abstract is known. But inwards regard to the South, nosotros adopt the persuasion of the <i>New York Evangelist </i>—“We take hold advanced so far, that the crusade obviously waits for a to a greater extent than effectual door to live thrown opened upwards than has been yet.” We are most to betoken you lot to that to a greater extent than effectual door. Look closed to you, as well as behold the bosoms of your loving wives heaving with untold agonies! Hear the cries of your pitiable children! Remember the stripes your fathers bore. Think of the torture as well as disgrace of your noble mothers. Think of your wretched sisters, loving virtue as well as purity, equally they are driven into concubinage as well as are exposed to the unbridled lusts of incarnate devils. Think of the undying glory that hangs closed to the ancient advert of Africa—and forget non that you lot are native-born American citizens, as well as equally such, you lot are justly entitled to all the rights that are granted to the freest. Think how many tears you lot take hold poured out. upon the soil which you lot take hold cultivated with unrequited toil as well as enriched with your blood; as well as and so move to your lordly enslavers as well as tell them plainly, that you lot <i>are determined to live free</i>. Appeal to their sense of justice, as well as tell them that they take hold no to a greater extent than correct to oppress you, than you lot take hold to enslave them. Entreat them to take the grievous burdens which they take hold imposed upon you, as well as to remunerate you lot for your labor. Promise them renewed diligence inwards the tillage of the soil, if they volition homecoming to you lot an equivalent for your services. Point them to the increase of happiness as well as prosperity inwards the British West Indies since the Act of Emancipation.<br /> <br /> Tell them inwards linguistic communication which they cannot misunderstand, of the exceeding sinfulness of slavery, as well as of a futurity judgment, as well as of the righteous retributions of an indignant God. Inform them that all you lot wishing is <i>freedom</i>, as well as that zero else volition suffice. Do this, as well as for always afterwards cease to toil for the heartless tyrants, who give you lot no other vantage but stripes as well as abuse. If they as well as so commence the function of death, they, as well as non you, volition live responsible for the consequences. You had far ameliorate all die—<i>die immediately</i>, than alive slaves, as well as entail your wretchedness upon your posterity. If you lot would live costless inwards this generation, hither is your only hope. However much you lot as well as all of us may wishing it, in that location is non much hope of redemption without the shedding of blood. If you lot must bleed, allow it all come upwards at once—rather <i>die freemen, than alive to live the slaves</i>. It is impossible, similar the children of Israel, to brand a grand exodus from the dry soil of bondage. The Pharaohs are on both sides of the blood-red waters! You cannot displace <i>en masse</i>, to the dominions of the British Queen—nor tin can you lot hand through Florida as well as overrun Texas, as well as at lastly uncovering peace inwards Mexico. The propagators of American slavery are spending their blood as well as treasure, that they may flora the dark flag inwards the pump of United Mexican States as well as riot inwards the halls of the Montezumas. In the linguistic communication of the Rev. Robert Hall, when addressing the volunteers of Bristol, who were rushing forth to repel the invasion of Napoleon, who threatened to lay waste product the fair homes of England, “Religion is also much interested inwards your behalf, non to shed over you lot her most gracious influences.” <br /> <br /> You volition non live compelled to pass much fourth dimension inwards gild to larn inured to hardships. From the firstly minute that you lot breathed the air of heaven, you lot take hold been accustomed to zero else but hardships. The heroes of the American Revolution were never position upon harder fare than a peck of corn as well as a few herrings per week. You take hold non larn enervated past times the luxuries of life. Your sternest energies take hold been beaten out upon. the anvil of severe trial, Slavery has done this, to brand you lot subservient to its ain purposes; but it has done to a greater extent than than this, it has prepared you lot for whatever emergency. If you lot have proficient treatment, it is what you lot could hardly expect; if you lot come across with pain, sorrow, as well as fifty-fifty death, these are the mutual lot of the slaves. Fellow-men! patient sufferers! behold your dearest rights crushed to the earth! See your sons murdered, as well as your wives, mothers as well as sisters doomed to prostitution. In the advert of the merciful God, as well as past times all that life is worth, allow it no longer live a debatable question, whether it is ameliorate to select Liberty or death. In 1822, Kingdom of Denmark Vesey, of South Carolina, formed a excogitation for the liberation of his fellow-men. In the whole history of human efforts to overthrow slavery, a to a greater extent than complicated as well as tremendous excogitation was never formed. He was betrayed past times the treachery of his ain people, as well as died a martyr to freedom. Many a brave hero fell, but history, faithful to her high trust, volition transcribe his advert on the same monument with Moses, Hampden, Tell, Bruce as well as Wallace, Toussaint L’Ouverture, Lafayette as well as Washington. That tremendous motility shook the whole empire of slavery. The guilty soul-thieves were overwhelmed with fear. It is a thing of fact, that at that time, as well as inwards effect of the threatened revolution, the slave States talked strongly of emancipation. But they blew but i nail of the trumpet of freedom, as well as and so set it aside. As these men became quiet, the slaveholders ceased to utter most emancipation: as well as at nowadays behold your status today! Angels sigh over it, as well as humanity has long since exhausted her tears inwards weeping on your account! The patriotic Nathaniel Turner followed Kingdom of Denmark Vesey. He was goaded to desperation past times incorrect as well as injustice. By despotism, his advert has been recorded on the listing of infamy; as well as futurity generations volition recollect him with the noble as well as brave. Next arose the immortal Joseph Cinque, the hero of the Amistad. He was a native African, as well as past times the assist of God he emancipated a whole ship-load of his fellow-men on the high seas. And he at nowadays sings of liberty on the sunny hills of Africa as well as beneath his native palm-trees, where he hears the Panthera leo roar as well as feels himself equally costless equally that virile someone monarch of the forest. <br /> <br /> Next arose Madison Washington, that brilliant star of freedom, as well as took his station inwards the constellation of truthful heroism. He was a slave on board the brig Creole, of Richmond, boundary to New Orleans, that groovy slave mart, with a hundred as well as iv others. Nineteen struck for liberty or death. But i life was taken, as well as the whole were emancipated, as well as the vessel was carried into Nassau, New Providence. Noble men! Those who take hold fallen inwards freedom’s conflict, their memories volition live cherished past times the true-hearted as well as the God-fearing inwards all futurity generations; those who are living, their names are surrounded past times a halo of glory. Brethren, arise, arise! Strike for your lives as well as liberties. Now is the twenty-four hr catamenia as well as the hour. Let every slave throughout the dry soil exercise this, as well as the days of slavery are numbered. You cannot live to a greater extent than oppressed than you lot take hold been—you cannot endure greater cruelties than you lot take hold already. Rather choke freemen than alive to live slaves. Remember that you lot are iv millions! It is inwards your ability so to torment the God-cursed slaveholders, that they volition live glad to allow you lot move free. If the scale was turned, as well as dark men were the masters as well as white men the slaves, every destructive agent as well as chemical factor would live employed to lay the oppressor low. Danger as well as expiry would hang over their heads twenty-four hr catamenia as well as night. Yes, the tyrants would come across with plagues to a greater extent than terrible than those of Pharaoh. But you lot are a patient people. You human activity equally though you lot were made for the exceptional utilisation of these devils. You human activity equally though your daughters were born to pamper the lusts of your masters as well as overseers. And worse than all, you lot tamely submit patch your lords tear your wives from your embraces as well as defile them earlier your eyes. In the advert of God, nosotros ask, are you lot men? Where is the blood of your fathers? Has it all run out of your veins? Awake, awake, millions of voices are calling you! Your dead fathers speak to you lot from their graves. Heaven, equally with a vocalisation of thunder, calls on you lot to arise from the dust. Let your motto live resistance! resistance! resistance! No oppressed people take hold always secured their liberty without resistance. What form of resistance you lot had ameliorate make, you lot must create upwards one's hear past times the circumstances that surroundings you, as well as according to the proffer of expediency. Brethren, adieu! Trust inwards the living God. Labor for the peace of the human race, as well as recollect that you lot are iv millions.    <br /> ―――――――   <br /> Published inwards Henry Highland Garnet, Walker’s Appeal, with a Brief Sketch of His Life. See also Garnet’s Address to the Slaves of the US of America. New-York, Printed past times J. H. Tobitt, 1848, pages 89–97. <br /> <br /></div>

Henry Highland Garnet: An Address To The Slaves Of The United States Of America

Photo: Henry Highland Garnet, circa 1881. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution Henry Highland Garnet (b. Dec 23, 1815 –...

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Garifuna: Africans Inwards St. Vincent, Caribbean In Addition To Honduras, Due South America

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq84ljHWa1QAdKV97Fpdk1GDHti4Wn3VE4Qy3IrQarE9s9U_sTpDNfBu68F4iiLaiQmQcH7vQQhi3RNO-o6JMexK5V4o3EmOkB_FMVP_8EHYiFBodURAqQZECsGvHB41O6mCVDxyLEpaQ/s1600/Photo+of+Joseph+Satuye+Honduras.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq84ljHWa1QAdKV97Fpdk1GDHti4Wn3VE4Qy3IrQarE9s9U_sTpDNfBu68F4iiLaiQmQcH7vQQhi3RNO-o6JMexK5V4o3EmOkB_FMVP_8EHYiFBodURAqQZECsGvHB41O6mCVDxyLEpaQ/s1600/Photo+of+Joseph+Satuye+Honduras.jpg" width="266" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image of Joseph Satuye (aka Joseph Chatoyer), Chief of the Black Caribs aka Garifuna. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> The millions of Africans living inwards Central America, South America as well as the Caribbean Area - inwards Castilian linguistic communication nations - are amid the most rich examples of African cultural survival inwards the so-called New World. The Garifuna represents a real unique instance of an early on African community to the Americas that held a job solid travelling pocket onto African kinship as well as cultural ties. <br /> <br /> No Garifuna state volition live found on a map today, but in that place are some quondam maps that stand upwards for a region in northern South America by the advert of "Garibana." Here is the icon of one such map found inwards a vintage store inwards Southern California.<br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA9zgZ9PaNvv5WT-6pNuouJ2p46tV6_o7Kf9kGfeKvNzlbYon0NsBVA1oTDyaLXTr4yCShOovXvtSjk1SJSAGAOPoa_O7A3p3-sqnHc-rK0FFDXhR208psYkxuH9bsamlnR5Y5hH3yIMI/s1600/Garifuna+Garibana+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA9zgZ9PaNvv5WT-6pNuouJ2p46tV6_o7Kf9kGfeKvNzlbYon0NsBVA1oTDyaLXTr4yCShOovXvtSjk1SJSAGAOPoa_O7A3p3-sqnHc-rK0FFDXhR208psYkxuH9bsamlnR5Y5hH3yIMI/s1600/Garifuna+Garibana+map.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Partial icon of map dated 1586 representing America.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiey8Ba3OJ51wXpV8Ty9yyONfK1F33rwWmb-36RLNP-B6YhAwlIFqqh_mTE9LuJOTxykmp5YMhMhyzU__HIW_Onhe2iV28wwJd6L0FZxE1YmayP61j968hgTRHxVOWgPM7oE92-onOQtn4/s1600/Garifuna+Garibana+map+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiey8Ba3OJ51wXpV8Ty9yyONfK1F33rwWmb-36RLNP-B6YhAwlIFqqh_mTE9LuJOTxykmp5YMhMhyzU__HIW_Onhe2iV28wwJd6L0FZxE1YmayP61j968hgTRHxVOWgPM7oE92-onOQtn4/s1600/Garifuna+Garibana+map+2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Zoom icon on 1586 map representing percentage described equally "Garibana."</td></tr> </tbody></table> Some commentators study that the Garifuna were inwards the Americas equally early on equally the 1300s, migrants from the West African Republic of Mali Empire. See <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=african-kingdoms-medieval-warfare" target="_blank">African Kingdoms: Medieval Warfare Between Republic of Ghana as well as Republic of Mali Empires</a> (Mansa Musa chronicles go tales from Republic of Mali Empire to East Africa as well as Middle East cir. 1300 C.E).<br /> <br /> Other commentators debate that the Garifuna arrived from ship-wrecked European slave ships that landed on the isle of St. Vincent (aka Saint Vincent, San Vicente) equally early on equally 1635. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 seat historian from Greater-Accra, Ghana, <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=african-kingdoms-medieval-warfare" target="_blank">Kwekudee</a>, asserts they may live kin to the Akan Fante people of West Africa. Kwekudee considered factors such equally the Garifuna's matrilineal inheritance system, their dancing styles as well as their food, amongst the staple nutrient existence cassava. <br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXnVfocRdpuaNvp64Lipw8Yvr9sIl6q03HnkX2qMoiscviVTeTiaUQ3OjFKQdAgRaEezGseREYTVZ_qjxFG3krWV6_vdV3TJy1AAfbXHjLOqbGGXE247eMj_0ROnnn5S2-2qAy_ptAStM/s1600/Garifuna+DAncers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXnVfocRdpuaNvp64Lipw8Yvr9sIl6q03HnkX2qMoiscviVTeTiaUQ3OjFKQdAgRaEezGseREYTVZ_qjxFG3krWV6_vdV3TJy1AAfbXHjLOqbGGXE247eMj_0ROnnn5S2-2qAy_ptAStM/s1600/Garifuna+DAncers.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: The Chief Joseph Chatoyer Garifuna Folkloric Ballet of New York. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> Central to the Garifuna civilization is a rigid collective identity equally a people. The Garifuna receive got their ain unique Garifuna language, music as well as cuisine. The spiritual tradition of the Garifuna centers to a greater extent than or less an ancestral reverence, honoring the wisdom of the ancestors they receive got relied upon for survival for centuries. Like many African communities adjusting to slavery as well as the lost of household unit of measurement as well as tribal kinship ties, the rhythms of the drum as well as trip the low-cal fantastic would aid to create mutual songs to a greater extent than or less a mutual struggle. This reunified families as well as villages torn from their traditional homelands inwards Africa. <br /> <br /> <b>The Island of St. Vincent </b><br /> <br /> The Arawak as well as the Kalinago were the native inhabitants of St. Vincent at the fourth dimension Africans began to arrive. The Kalinago, known to a greater extent than oft than non equally the Caribs (hence Caribbeans) past times the Europeans, intermarried amongst the Africans, equally did the Arawak. The population of natives to the isle refused to homecoming Africans to European slavers, according to the<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lTgIOFMw5GsC&pg=PA19&lpg=PA19&dq=Jean-Baptiste+Labat+saint+vincent+black+carib&source=bl&ots=4brVsDpG8-&sig=HqdoVm_8OgxSxTEFShAKAtTztA4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=st73Uv-rC8O8oQSZx4HABQ&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Jean-Baptiste%20Labat%20saint%20vincent%20black%20carib&f=false" target="_blank"> accounts of Jean-Baptiste Labat</a>,<span class="st"> a Jesuit priest who lived inwards the Caribbean Area colonies at the plough of </span>the 1700s. Historical accounts study Africans escaping European slave plantations inwards the Caribbean Area for St. Vincent past times canoes as well as rafts. By the 1700s the mixed community of Africans as well as native peoples on the isle of St. Vincent had increased as well as the people became known equally the Garinagu (later Garifuna).<br /> <br /> By 1763, nether the Treaty of Paris, all European claims to the isle of St. Vincent was ceded to the British. The British would receive got to become in, however, to genuinely receive got possession over an isle populated past times complimentary people. The warrior-leader of the Garifuna was <b>Joseph Satuye</b>. For decades, Satuye organized the Garifuna equally <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=african-kingdoms-medieval-warfare" target="_blank">African Maroons</a> inwards state of war against the colonial British mission.<br /> <br /> The British forces, however, overwhelmed the Garifuna after many decades of battles. By 1797, in that place was a lastly give upwards past times the Garifuna. According to the GAHFU, to this 24-hour interval the Vincentians "make an annual pilgrimage to the isle of Beliceaux to pay homage to the Garifuna people who were imprisoned on that isle where one-half of the population died of Yellow Fever, other diseases as well as starvation."<br /> <br /> <b>The Island of Roatán, Honduras</b><br /> <br /> According to the <a href="http://bayislandsdiver.com/History.html" target="_blank">Bay Island Diver</a>, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 diver's guide to the Bay Island of Honduras, the origins of the Garifuna inwards Republic of Honduras was the trial of the following.<br /> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>One grouping of slaves was "parked" hither during this fourth dimension during the oestrus of a battle (between the Castilian as well as British). When the winners came to collect them, the slaves refused to go. These are the Garifunas who populate much of the Bay Islands to this date, soundless maintaining their ain cultural identity as well as language. Punta Gorda on Roatán is ane of many villages where they soundless brand their homes.  </i></blockquote> While the British defeated the Garifuna inwards St. Vincent, they could non enslave them. An get at enslavement would sure receive got led to an unending as well as continuous get at revolt on the isle the Garifuna knew real well. Instead, the British imprisoned Garifunas on the isle of St. Vincent as well as literally exiled populations of the Garifuna from St. Vincent to the Republic of Honduras coastal isle Roatán (aka Ruatan, Rattan). The British may receive got sought to constitute a novel slave plantation from the Garifuna project inwards Honduras, but fortunately it was without success. <br /> <br /> The Garifuna people would non know slavery inwards Honduras, alone poverty. The Garifuna would grow their populations from Republic of Honduras as well as expand amid the coastal nations of the Americas -- amongst populations of Garifuna straightaway living inwards Belize, Nicaragua as well as Guatemala. Today, the Garifuna are introduce inwards Central as well as South America, too equally across the Caribbean Area as well as the United States.<br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: small;"><b> The Garifuna Heritage</b></span><br /> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"One of the unique things to me nearly the Garifuna spirituality is that the sacred as well as the profane seems to be simultaneously. In the western agreement of organized religious belief as well as spirituality, that could never happen." </span></i></span></blockquote> <span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></span> <object height="315" width="560"><param name="movie" value="//www.youtube.com/v/BM63f5SBlkw?hl=en_US&version=3"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="//www.youtube.com/v/BM63f5SBlkw?hl=en_US&version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="560" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object><br /> Video: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 documentary celluloid produced past times the National Garifuna Council of Belize.<br />  The celluloid addresses Garifuna Culture including ritual, music, trip the low-cal fantastic as well as language.<br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: small;"><b>A Story About the Garifuna Documentary</b></span><br /> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>"This is what our ancestors receive got left for us as well as this is what God has given to us, our ain culture."</i></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i> "We receive got a huge battle to rescue what is ours again. And nosotros receive got to practice it. And nosotros tin practice it." </i></span></blockquote> <div style="text-align: center;"> - Jorge Castillo, Tornabe, Honduras</div> <br />  <object height="315" width="560"><param name="movie" value="//www.youtube.com/v/hXb2p2WgHxI?version=3&hl=en_US"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="//www.youtube.com/v/hXb2p2WgHxI?version=3&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="560" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object><br /> Video: This celluloid chronicles the challenges as well as struggles of the Garifuna people to save their identity. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Ben Petersen Film Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Brigham Young University Communications Department Production. </div>

Garifuna: Africans Inwards St. Vincent, Caribbean In Addition To Honduras, Due South America

Image of Joseph Satuye (aka Joseph Chatoyer), Chief of the Black Caribs aka Garifuna. The millions of Africans living inwards Central ...

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J. A. Rogers: Author, Journalist As Well As Historical Illustrator

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIA_yqBKG5GtKFBeBkYBff5UpFOybgYxOytOBG4_k_DmlRb9wq4jFAQyUbPpe7jct3eIIx21EuuajS3WwUlZlQXGj7756yCqh0b9MobwzEGpNEi1t_W-CF1vxYjO4zl5nFyG6FEPBqphY/s1600/J.+A.+Rogers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIA_yqBKG5GtKFBeBkYBff5UpFOybgYxOytOBG4_k_DmlRb9wq4jFAQyUbPpe7jct3eIIx21EuuajS3WwUlZlQXGj7756yCqh0b9MobwzEGpNEi1t_W-CF1vxYjO4zl5nFyG6FEPBqphY/s1600/J.+A.+Rogers.jpg" width="305" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo of Joel Augustus Rogers aka J.A. Rogers (b. 9/6/1880 - d. 3/26/1966) </td></tr> </tbody></table> Joel Augustus Rogers was born September 6, 1880 inward Negril, Jamaica in addition to died on March 26, 1966 inward New York City.  Rogers was a historian, journalist in addition to writer whose works made groovy contributions to the history of Africa in addition to its diaspora. Of mixed-race parentage in addition to ane of 11 children, J.A. Roger's manful individual raise was Samuel John Rogers, a school-teacher, government minister in addition to a plantation director inward Jamaica. Information virtually Roger's woman raise has been hard to find.<br />   <br /> What is known is that inward 1906, afterward serving inward the British Army at Port Royal, Jamaica, J.A. Rogers moved from Jamaica to Harlem, New York, where he would eventually reside during the bulk of his adult life, living with his married adult woman Helga M. Rogers. Rogers did brand <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=regal-theater-and-new-regal-theater-of" target="_blank">Black Chicago</a> his abode for a time, piece working equally a <a href="http://www.pullman-museum.org/laborAndRace/raceRelations.html" target="_blank">Pullman Porter</a> in addition to reporter.<br /> <br /> In 1909, Rogers enrolled inward the Chicago Art Institute. According to his biographer, Thabiti Asukile, he attended fine art classes at that topographic point piece supporting himself financially equally a Pullman Porter, where he would operate until 1919. As a resultant of his existence able to move widely inside the USA equally a Pullman Porter, Rogers was surely able to access a broad diverseness of libraries that had developed inward dissimilar cities across the country. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 voracious bibliophile, Rogers compiled data virtually African history in addition to began to write in addition to self-publish his query findings.<br /> <br /> "I industrial plant life inward Chicago a friend who introduced me to books inward which I industrial plant life the names of several groovy men of Negro ancestry past times in addition to present," states Rogers inward his bulk <i>World's Great Men of Color, Vol. 1</i>. "In my spare time, in addition to with no idea of writing a book, I began to collect some of these names. That was virtually 1911." <br /> <br /> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh05AQiywcnU6kdPNPDUPoDi59HtNyIbTeXtkNNm8xyj3QvYH5Cjha3ugGTHc72Uiu8xGxjCvPE-BJ1bAUb3iNMJ0uvu0tKSRfNGjnlbcQXKfuvp0vti0QTnAgJXxwd8XVT6GQrE5W2XMw/s1600/Photo+of+J.+A.+Rogers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh05AQiywcnU6kdPNPDUPoDi59HtNyIbTeXtkNNm8xyj3QvYH5Cjha3ugGTHc72Uiu8xGxjCvPE-BJ1bAUb3iNMJ0uvu0tKSRfNGjnlbcQXKfuvp0vti0QTnAgJXxwd8XVT6GQrE5W2XMw/s1600/Photo+of+J.+A.+Rogers.jpg" width="227" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Early photograph of J. A. Rogers.</td></tr> </tbody></table> Rogers outset bulk was <i>Superman to Man</i>, privately published inward 1917 in addition to printed past times the M.A. Donohue Co. In <i>Superman to Man</i>, Rogers used the classic literary technique of developing the cardinal theme of a written operate around a debate -- a tool oftentimes used past times ancient historians. In the book, nosotros run into a Pullman Porter debate a white supremacist from the South regarding politics in addition to religion. The ensuing debate served equally a forum for Rogers to counter many of the stereotypes that prevailed at the fourth dimension virtually race. Rogers' Pullman Porter argued that the concept of race, inward fact, lacked scientific proof.<br /> <br /> Rogers served equally a unusual correspondent for a diverseness of African American newspapers, peculiarly afterward he moved to Harlem inward 1921. In improver to his published works for the Chicago Enterprise in addition to Chicago Defender newspapers, Rogers wrote for the Pittsburgh Courier in addition to served equally sub-editor for the Daily Negro Times -- the latter published past times Marcus Garvey. The editors of the Pittsburgh Courier sent Rogers equally a correspondent to encompass the coronation of Emperor Haile Selassie I inward Ethiopia. Additionally, Rogers was noted equally the exclusively Black U.S. state of war correspondent during World War II. He would issue widely inward publications such equally the New York Amsterdam News, the Messenger Magazine, in addition to others -- making him ane of the leading Black journalist of his times.<br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrqO79hrTRnGUzzgziozkQ5I5zF3P2RIuM3_-ODOvjSnyDPwR5nV0jF5LRS1CVNszB3jBmZPLTydGuEURJkcQK-4q3gN9QPlH2X5fhqQ3ijq9AxH450A3_ESkAV357vSvA1TvA8Ew5wsw/s1600/100+Amazing+Facts+About+the+Negro+with+Complete+Proof+by+J.A.+Rogers.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrqO79hrTRnGUzzgziozkQ5I5zF3P2RIuM3_-ODOvjSnyDPwR5nV0jF5LRS1CVNszB3jBmZPLTydGuEURJkcQK-4q3gN9QPlH2X5fhqQ3ijq9AxH450A3_ESkAV357vSvA1TvA8Ew5wsw/s1600/100+Amazing+Facts+About+the+Negro+with+Complete+Proof+by+J.A.+Rogers.jpg" width="214" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Book published past times J.A. Rogers -- <a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/0960229477/ref=nosim?tag=crosswriting-20&linkCode=sb1&camp=212353&creative=380549" target="_blank">100 Amazing Facts About the Negro with Complete Proof</a> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr> </tbody></table> Rogers made groovy contribution to publishing in addition to distributing picayune know African history facts through books in addition to pamphlets such equally <i>100 Amazing Facts About the Negro with Complete Proof</i> in addition to <i>The Five Negro Presidents</i>. His greatest involvement was inward exploring the concept of race that was developing into a themed possession with historians of European descent. In response, Rogers published the three-volume operate <i>Sex in addition to Race</i> betwixt 1941 in addition to 1944. From 1946 to 1947, Rogers published his pioneering operate <i>The World's Great Men of Color</i>, printed inward 2 volumes. <br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiYaHwfcndDM0a_t9WRn8E9l9HqlSk9p-Fym1w777o8j_-VHZsIWcX_wd6ikT7oJkJKH1XU_zkWZgqGP2mLW6t_QL87jqW8Dg0tdFZ0ntqPf1TOqEHQfZcv17e0Ip7SIDgVWUdSKU8Tsk/s1600/scotia+daughter+of+an+egyptian.gif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiYaHwfcndDM0a_t9WRn8E9l9HqlSk9p-Fym1w777o8j_-VHZsIWcX_wd6ikT7oJkJKH1XU_zkWZgqGP2mLW6t_QL87jqW8Dg0tdFZ0ntqPf1TOqEHQfZcv17e0Ip7SIDgVWUdSKU8Tsk/s1600/scotia+daughter+of+an+egyptian.gif" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Copy of an illustrated operate J.A. Rogers published inward newspapers in addition to inward books. Many of his amazing facts were substantiated past times subsequent writings on the topic. For example, read to a greater extent than virtually Scota of Arab Republic of Egypt in addition to the origins of the Scottish people at "<a href="http://www.scotsman.com/news/the-pharaoh-s-daughter-who-was-the-mother-of-all-scots-1-466985" target="_blank">The pharaoh's immature lady who was the woman raise of all Scots</a>," from <i>The Scotsman</i> publication. </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> The mutual thread inward Roger's query was his unending aim to counter white supremacist propaganda that prevailed inward segregated communities across the USA against people of African descent.The works of Rogers exclusively became assigned reading inward the most independently-developed, academy curriculum of African-centered history professors -- in addition to fifty-fifty then, afterward Rogers had passed away. The noted historian physician John Henrik Clarke states that Rogers "looked at the history of people of African origin, in addition to showed how their history is an inseparable purpose of the history of mankind." His works bring enlightened many people interested inward uncovering the suppressed histories of African people. His legacy continues through the groovy bulk of works he has left behind.<br /> <br /> <b>J.A. Rogers Works, Chronological past times Publication Date: </b><br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li>    From "Superman" to Man. Chicago: J. A. Rogers, 1917. —novel.</li> <li>    As Nature Leads: An Informal Discussion of the Reason Why Negro in addition to Caucasian are Mixing inward Spite of Opposition. Chicago: M. A. Donahue & Co, 1919. —novel.</li> <li>    The Approaching Storm in addition to Bow it May go Averted: An Open Letter to Congress Chicago: National Equal Rights League, Chicago Branch: 1920.</li> <li>    "Music in addition to Poetry — The Noblest Arts," Music in addition to Poetry, vol. 1, no. 1 (January 1921).</li> <li>    "The Thrilling Story of The Maroons," serialized inward The Negro World, March–April 1922.</li> <li>    "The West Indies: Their Political, Social, in addition to Economic Condition," serialized inward The Messenger (Volume 4, Number 9, September 1922).</li> <li>    Blood Money (Novel) serialized inward New York Amsterdam News, Apr 1923.</li> <li>    "The Ku Klux Klan Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Menace or Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Promise," serialized inward The Messenger (Volume 5, Number 3, March 1923).</li> <li>    "Jazz at Home" The Survey Graphic Harlem, vol. 6, no. half dozen (March 1925).</li> <li>    "What Are We, Negroes or Americans?" The Messenger, vol. 8, no. 8 (August 1926).</li> <li>    Book Review, Jazz, past times Paul Whiteman." Opportunity: The Journal of Negro Life (Volume 4, Number 48, Dec 1926).</li> <li>    "The Negro's Experience of Christianity in addition to Islam," Review of Nations, Geneva (January–March 1928)</li> <li>    "The American Occupation of Haiti: Its Moral in addition to Economic Benefit," past times Dantes Bellegarde. (Translator). Opportunity: Journal of Negro Life (Volume 8, Number 1, Jan 1930).</li> <li>    "The Negro inward Europe," The American Mercury (May 1930).</li> <li>    "The Negro inward European History," Opportunity: Journal of Negro Life (Volume 8, Number 6, June 1930).</li> <li>    World's Greatest Men of African Descent. New York: J. A. Rogers Publications, 1931.</li> <li>    "The Americans inward Ethiopia," nether the pseudonym Jerrold Robbins, inward American Mercury (May 1933).</li> <li>    "Enrique Diaz," inward Opportunity: Journal of Negro Life, vol. 11, no. half dozen (June 1933).</li> <li>    100 Amazing facts virtually the Negro with Complete Proof. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Short Cut to the World History of the Negro. New York: J. A. Rogers Publications, 1934.</li> <li>    World's Greatest Men in addition to Women of African Descent. New York: J. A. Rogers Publications, 1935.</li> <li>    "Italy Over Abyssinia," The Crisis, Volume 42, Number 2, Feb 1935.</li> <li>    The Real Facts About Ethiopia. New York: J.A Rogers, 1936.</li> <li>    "When I Was In Europe," Interracial Review: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 magazine for Christian Democracy, Oct 1938.</li> <li>    "Hitler in addition to the Negro," Interracial Review: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Journal for Christian Democracy, Apr 1940.</li> <li>    "The Suppression of Negro History," The Crisis, vol. 47, no. v (May 1940).</li> <li>    Your History: From the Beginning of Time to the Present. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Courier Publishing Co, 1940.</li> <li>    An Appeal From Pioneer Negroes of the World, Inc: An Open Letter to His Holiness Pope Pius XII. New York: J. A. Rogers, 1940.</li> <li>    Sex in addition to Race: Negro-Caucasian Mixing inward All Ages in addition to All Lands, Volume I: The Old World. New York: J. A. Rogers, 1941.</li> <li>    Sex in addition to Race: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 History of White, Negro, in addition to Indian Miscegenation inward the Two Americas, Volume II: The New World. New York: J. A. Rogers, 1942.</li> <li>    Sex in addition to Race, Volume III: Why White in addition to Black Mix inward Spite of Opposition. New York: J. A. Rogers, 1944.</li> <li>    World's Great Men of Color, Volume I: Asia in addition to Africa, in addition to Historical Figures Before Christ, Including Aesop, Hannibal, Cleopatra, Zenobia, Askia the Great, in addition to Many Others. New York : J. A. Rogers, 1946.</li> <li>    World's Great Men of Color, Volume II: Europe, South in addition to Central America, the West Indies, in addition to the United States, Including Alessandro de' Medici, Alexandre Dumas, Dom Pedro II, Marcus Garvey, in addition to Many Others (New York: J. A. Rogers, 1947).</li> <li>    "Jim Crow Hunt," The Crisis (November 1951).</li> <li>    Nature Knows No Color Line: Research into the Negro Ancestry inward the White Race. (New York: J. A. Rogers, 1952).</li> <li>    Facts About the Negro. (Drawings past times A. S. Milai) (booklet) (Pittsburgh: Lincoln Park Studios, 1960).</li> <li>    Africa's Gift to America: The Afro-American inward the Making in addition to Saving of the United States. With New Supplement Africa in addition to its Potentialities. (New York: J. A. Rogers, 1961).</li> <li>    She Walks inward Beauty. Los Angeles: Western Publishers, 1963. —novel</li> <li>    "Civil War Centennial: Myth in addition to Reality," Freedomways, vol. 3, no.1 (Winter 1963).</li> <li>    The Five Negro presidents: According to What White People Said They Were. New York: J. A. Rogers, 1965.</li> </ul> (<i>Publication Chronology courtesy of Wikipedia</i>) <br /> <div style="text-align: left;"> <br /></div> </div>

J. A. Rogers: Author, Journalist As Well As Historical Illustrator

Photo of Joel Augustus Rogers aka J.A. Rogers (b. 9/6/1880 - d. 3/26/1966) Joel Augustus Rogers was born September 6, 1880 inward Negri...

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Africans Of Esmeraldas, Ecuador: A Await At The 1599 Epitome Of Don Francisco De Arobe Together With His 2 Sons

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3_7yKSI9YZ05QtaI589YFyN1KpPleAXYmFOwy2aQ5_35bCWMAe4QPevQTo3HeW5jAIUt-hf4Yln7VZGZAUxI3PZhAxR0sFC6RF-DOYaG9M_1M_xJAgaahf5WiOkL23FyAohHH1VarNYs/s1600/Mulatos+de+Esmeraldas+1599+Quito+Ecuador+Don+Francisco+de+Arobe+and+two+sons.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3_7yKSI9YZ05QtaI589YFyN1KpPleAXYmFOwy2aQ5_35bCWMAe4QPevQTo3HeW5jAIUt-hf4Yln7VZGZAUxI3PZhAxR0sFC6RF-DOYaG9M_1M_xJAgaahf5WiOkL23FyAohHH1VarNYs/s1600/Mulatos+de+Esmeraldas+1599+Quito+Ecuador+Don+Francisco+de+Arobe+and+two+sons.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Painting: Mulatos de Esmeraldas: Quito Equador Don Francisco de Arobe and his two sons, circa 1599.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> In 1599, the ikon was created by a Mative American painter yesteryear the advert of Adrián Sánchez Galque. Like many original, fine industrial plant of fine art of this time, the ikon is concluding known to be inwards the collection of a European museum inwards Spain, the Museo de América de Madrid. When nosotros foremost came upon this prototype from 1599, nosotros became curious nearly the even behind the ikon in addition to the subsequent history of those Africans who maintain at that placed called Esmeralda, Republic of Ecuador to a greater extent than than 400 years later on the ikon was commissioned.<br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYV0l3TlBWshHHCXkcqnd5TFL-ohgghVEJeT5yXe6ZzGmU51wU35VVjWvLUv1N7qVkdc-5TUv5K-BgpGdMDbdUv3hHcEos4KJlULW4k7n2XsSzKgoyk-LtFaeyxe4l7svJJxj7fPf0zMI/s1600/Map+of+Esmeralda+Ecuador.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYV0l3TlBWshHHCXkcqnd5TFL-ohgghVEJeT5yXe6ZzGmU51wU35VVjWvLUv1N7qVkdc-5TUv5K-BgpGdMDbdUv3hHcEos4KJlULW4k7n2XsSzKgoyk-LtFaeyxe4l7svJJxj7fPf0zMI/s1600/Map+of+Esmeralda+Ecuador.gif" width="301" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map of South America, noting location of Esmeraldas, Republic of Ecuador off Pacific Ocean coast.</td></tr> </tbody></table> We were non surprised that this painting may be located inwards Madrid. In 1599, the history of Madrid was non far removed from a fourth dimension when the surface area was under complete ruler of the Moors. The Moors migrated from Northern Africa in addition to settled the electrical flow metropolis nosotros telephone telephone Madrid today. In fact, the historical tape indicates that forts in addition to a wall were built yesteryear the Moor roughly Madrid equally early on equally 865 A.D. Before the metropolis roughshod nether Castillian dominion inwards 1083, nether leadership of Alfonso VI of Castile, the metropolis was called Magerit yesteryear the Moors. From 1083, the fourth dimension of Castillian rule, to 1599, the appointment the ikon was created --was 516 years. From 1599 to 2014 is 415 years -- both periods being relatively short historical fourth dimension spans. This is illustrated alone to render the reader a historical perspective. In 1544, Republic of Ecuador was reportedly nether Spain's colonial rule. By 1564, Republic of Ecuador was dealing straight amongst Madrid.<br /> <br /> Who are these 3 men inwards the painting? The historical accounts indicate the centre figure is Don Francisco (de) Arobe. The other ii men are his sons, Don Domingo, at the right, in addition to Don Pedro, at the left. Each homo holds a spears in addition to wears an elaborate combination of Native American (indigenous) in addition to Ibero-Spanish inspired clothing. On the actual painting, each homo is identified yesteryear the championship Don, a sign of honour inwards Latin-Hispanic civilisation at the time. It is evident from the gilt jewelry in addition to the championship as Dons that the men were of high standing inwards the Esmeralda of 1599. The painting's inscription states equally follows: "Doctor Juan del Barrio de Sepulveda, gauge of the Real Audiencia of Quito, commissioned in addition to pigment for the painting, to your Majesty Phillip, Catholic King of Kingdom of Spain in addition to the Indies inwards the twelvemonth of 1599." <br /> <br /> The 3 men are too described yesteryear the painter equally <i>mulatos</i>. This description may cause got been to a greater extent than of a reflection of the caste hierarchy distinction that existed inwards South America later on the Europeans arrived, which created condition based on the amount of European heritage held yesteryear an individual. Upon review of this painting, an declaration tin hold upwards made that a to a greater extent than appropriate championship for these men would cause got been the Castilian term for Afro-Indian men, <i>zambos</i>, or for African men, <i>negro.</i><br /> <br /> Like the Castilian word<i> negro</i>, which hateful black, the Castilian discussion <i>zambos</i> would creep into the Euro-English lexicon as "sambos." Unfortunately, the Anglo-European cultural baggage who interpret the discussion into a negative connotation for people of African descent. But equally nosotros tin encounter from this 1770 painting, zambos represented a farther racial classification amid the Europeans.<br /> <br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4oB6xEkUum9djq33NRcZgIdOOzLRh7InW_w9WFKpdctOgkQDgg9nTWc251jZsm_aj4224v9g4SVC6Oe-XcQSNeo6jg7GhuhDueb55_O_DiDGovim30pMWjFRZdl-8sK4PznmEg5mSnps/s1600/From+a+black+man+with+a+mulata+produces+a+Sambo+Indian+school+1770.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4oB6xEkUum9djq33NRcZgIdOOzLRh7InW_w9WFKpdctOgkQDgg9nTWc251jZsm_aj4224v9g4SVC6Oe-XcQSNeo6jg7GhuhDueb55_O_DiDGovim30pMWjFRZdl-8sK4PznmEg5mSnps/s1600/From+a+black+man+with+a+mulata+produces+a+Sambo+Indian+school+1770.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Painting: Top inscription states "from a dark homo amongst a mulata produces a sambo," Indian school, circa. 1770.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> In the mass <i>No Longer Invisible: Afro-Latin American</i> <i>Today</i>, nosotros are given some additional insights on the history of the part of Esmeraldas:<br /> <br /> <i>"Regional blackness equally a forcefulness of self-liberation inwards Republic of Ecuador begins inwards Esmeraldas, in addition to its origin occurs during a tearing tropical tempest in addition to a campaign of African rebellion. The documented history of Republic of Ecuador establishes the beginnings of Afro-Hispanic civilisation inwards what is straightaway Esmeraldas, Ecuador, where a Castilian slaving send ran aground inwards 1553. There a grouping of twenty-three Africans from the coast of Guinea, led yesteryear a dark warrior named Antón, attacked the slavers in addition to liberated themselves. Not long after, this group, together amongst other blacks entering the region, led yesteryear a ladino (Hispanicized dark person) named Alonso de Illescas, came to dominate the part from northern Manabí due north to what is straightaway Barbacoas, Colombia. At this fourth dimension (late sixteenth century) intermixture amongst indigenous peoples, to whom dark people fled to found their palenques (villages of self-liberated people - some fortified, some not), was such that their features were described equally zambo (black-indigenous admixture), synonyms of which were negro (black) in addition to mulato (mixed or hybrid black-white). ... </i><br /> <i></i><br /> <i>... By 1599 dark people were clearly inwards accuse of what was called "La República de Zambos" or "Zambo Republic". Zambo refers to people of colour who are descendants of Native Americans in addition to African Americans. In that twelvemonth a grouping of Zambo chieftains, said to correspond 100,000 or to a greater extent than Zambo people of Esmeraldas, trekked to Quito to declare loyalty to Spain. An crude oil ikon of these chiefs from the emerald dry reason of the Zambo Republic is portrayed yesteryear the "Indian artist" Adrián Sánchez Galgue [sic]; it is reportedly the earliest signed in addition to dated ikon from South America." </i><br /> <i>By 1599, the appointment of this painting, nosotros know that populations of settled Africans were residing inwards Esmeralda, Equador.  region. Let's cause got a expect dorsum inwards time.</i> <br /> <br /> What of Esmeraldas, Republic of Ecuador straightaway -- the abode of our 3 Dons? This coastal metropolis is inwards northwestern Republic of Ecuador in addition to is 1 of the few predominantly dark provinces, reportedly at lxx percent. It has the highest concentration of people of African descent inwards all of Ecuador. In damage of preserving its African cultural heritage, Esmeraldas' isolation may cause got been its saving grace. <br /> <br /> The best online video documentary nosotros could notice nearly the existing <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=gaspar-yanga-1570-african-slave-revolt" target="_blank">Afro-Latino</a> community inwards Republic of Ecuador is inwards Castilian alone (sorry to my English-only audience), but the images lone utter volumes. If you lot cause got ever visited this Esmeraldas, Republic of Ecuador region, attain percentage your sense amongst our readers inwards the comments here. <br /> <br /> <object height="315" width="560"><param name="movie" value="//www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/qYgb2d28VLA?hl=en_US&version=3"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="//www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/qYgb2d28VLA?hl=en_US&version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="560" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object> <br /> <b></b><br /> <b>Further reading resources:</b> <br /> <br /> <i>No Longer Invisible: Afro-Latin Americans Today. Minority Rights Group, ed. Minority Rights Publications (1995)<br /> <br /> The African Experience inwards Castilian America: 1502 to the Present Day. Leslie B. Rout, Jr. Cambridge Univ. Press (1976)</i></div>

Africans Of Esmeraldas, Ecuador: A Await At The 1599 Epitome Of Don Francisco De Arobe Together With His 2 Sons

Painting: Mulatos de Esmeraldas: Quito Equador Don Francisco de Arobe and his two sons, circa 1599. In 1599, the ikon was created by a...

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Black Chicago Commemorates The 85Th Annual Bud Billiken Parade Together With Picnic

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMbqo04Npy4ZG1hXXZqfxA7SPoinAro2Oe57AypgQ2Q9YLGVkex0dWZXVaBAvoqfqSyH235EyFMWkD6XV3sym7gGV4o4cEjMXGs6FUNDcefiKqrkhwJmy7tt1xMSxE6zSaqlsAkFtZgLo/s1600/Joe+Lewis+in+the+Bud+Billiken+Parade.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="325" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMbqo04Npy4ZG1hXXZqfxA7SPoinAro2Oe57AypgQ2Q9YLGVkex0dWZXVaBAvoqfqSyH235EyFMWkD6XV3sym7gGV4o4cEjMXGs6FUNDcefiKqrkhwJmy7tt1xMSxE6zSaqlsAkFtZgLo/s1600/Joe+Lewis+in+the+Bud+Billiken+Parade.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Everyone who is anyone is said to pick out participated inward the Bud Billiken parade -- from <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=joe-louis-brown-bomber-world" target="_blank">Joe Louis</a>, Muhammad Ali, Duke Ellington, Billie Holiday, Oprah Winfrey, Michael Jordan, Barack Obama. Photo: Joe Lewis in Bud Billiken Parade.</td></tr> </tbody></table> August 9, 2014 marks the 85th annual Bud Billiken Parade as well as Picnic celebration -- commencing from 35th to 55th & Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive. Held inward Chicago, Illinois annually, the parade is the oldest running African American parade inward the U.S. of America. It is likewise the instant largest parade in the country. Effectively, the parade, kicks off the traditional kickoff of the schoolhouse year. It marks the halt of summertime opor-garai for the immature people inward the Chicago, which hosts alongside the largest communities of people of African descent inward the USA. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrT98jiV_9ILcd14igHhoWfegWjc2yEvX9xO9k5VCR1f4k_LfTNEkwrtyV7JJQJ_w4ohE9pBr5WhiHeSooMuuldofGUJVKqf5Pe_cp-_rnJ8Lh0ggY6mcH8f2vKTL9f_TRAfxW74V3HvM/s1600/Bud+Billiken+Day+Parade+August+1948.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrT98jiV_9ILcd14igHhoWfegWjc2yEvX9xO9k5VCR1f4k_LfTNEkwrtyV7JJQJ_w4ohE9pBr5WhiHeSooMuuldofGUJVKqf5Pe_cp-_rnJ8Lh0ggY6mcH8f2vKTL9f_TRAfxW74V3HvM/s1600/Bud+Billiken+Day+Parade+August+1948.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Portion of the Bud Billiken Day Parade, August 1948.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij7H2QKr47HrLCBlfVOpz7upVdM5cY0OHZbl5I6cuZD4vLQw4A3Q9HftOJiNqfKvjAzm43ftoQ1i4tu9WKx8hcjrevDo0zQxE-eDTI6rAeOV1MNOym2B_JOfqkYb9fStkTrubOa8y0uzs/s1600/Portion+of+the+Bud+Billiken+Day+Parade+Along+Dr.+Martin+L+King+Jr.+Drive+on+Chicago%27s+South+Side+August+1973.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij7H2QKr47HrLCBlfVOpz7upVdM5cY0OHZbl5I6cuZD4vLQw4A3Q9HftOJiNqfKvjAzm43ftoQ1i4tu9WKx8hcjrevDo0zQxE-eDTI6rAeOV1MNOym2B_JOfqkYb9fStkTrubOa8y0uzs/s1600/Portion+of+the+Bud+Billiken+Day+Parade+Along+Dr.+Martin+L+King+Jr.+Drive+on+Chicago's+South+Side+August+1973.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Portion of the Bud Billiken Day Parade, August 1973.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1KkeO-1woodSwYeBR9nOWMggB9yH_XddwttTeE3EYUPzWNBipEx-ZyrTfQuj-fo7CI_6iDrYbGCYeYjtcGrPfW2xu3-mJ-5idXeoRbiTlD3J0MB7nrmtfsJULxzS9CPxBrJ8LKpT-VGs/s1600/Photo+of+the+South+Shore+Drill+Team.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1KkeO-1woodSwYeBR9nOWMggB9yH_XddwttTeE3EYUPzWNBipEx-ZyrTfQuj-fo7CI_6iDrYbGCYeYjtcGrPfW2xu3-mJ-5idXeoRbiTlD3J0MB7nrmtfsJULxzS9CPxBrJ8LKpT-VGs/s1600/Photo+of+the+South+Shore+Drill+Team.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">South Shore Drill Team performs at the 2011 Bud Billiken parade inward Chicago's Bronzeville. (<a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=joe-louis-brown-bomber-world" target="_blank">Photo: Kalle Eko</a>)</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> The fictional grapheme Bud Billiken was created inward 1923 past times <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=joe-louis-brown-bomber-world" target="_blank">Robert Sengstacke Abbott</a>, the founder of the Chicago Defender newspaper. Before the parade began inward 1929, in that place was a long-running Billiken paper column written past times the famed African-American novelist Willard Motley. Embodying the promise of the African American community, for a fourth dimension the Bud Billiken grapheme likewise emerged into a pop comic strip inward the Chicago Defender newspaper. Abbott likewise founded a Bud Billiken Club which continues to provide youth scholarships as well as preparation opportunities.<br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqIKmMJ3tHtv2nxIfyK0yVlm6v0fqcKBLc6ojjN8DLPbOtAy8IPyLjeQq_zn8mXaqs8bQkvz8uzEtaRCcZM4tbMBH22WV7GTuBaZB04E5hmYXj6nOYbtoh2OEIUPGnUf1lAcS-DKE6FnvR/s400/kingandqueen.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Chicago Defender's Bud Billiken Parade float hosts the annual King, Queen as well as Royal Court winners from its annual Bud Billiken youth contest. Contest winners are based on a results of a subscription motility as well as oral as well as written essay contest.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqJLudyHc6EWVSPDr5DssiUI1n_mPSMp86ncVLfpNjeT3n4yfy85xmYO4SAx2EgTfOsQO-jApUuapNIvXqWru5hLpEu9m8LTMyNpR12qBafB9MyCNzfZLnz_EaNCW1Uut-ld7NAub04o8/s1600/Dancer+Performance+at+the+2012+Bud+Billiken+Parade+in+Bronzeville+Chicago.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqJLudyHc6EWVSPDr5DssiUI1n_mPSMp86ncVLfpNjeT3n4yfy85xmYO4SAx2EgTfOsQO-jApUuapNIvXqWru5hLpEu9m8LTMyNpR12qBafB9MyCNzfZLnz_EaNCW1Uut-ld7NAub04o8/s1600/Dancer+Performance+at+the+2012+Bud+Billiken+Parade+in+Bronzeville+Chicago.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dancers Perform at the 2012 Bud Billiken Parade (<a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=joe-louis-brown-bomber-world" target="_blank">Photo: Kalle Eko</a>)</td></tr> </tbody></table> The Bud Billiken parade was developed inward 1929 as well as is ever held the instant Sabbatum inward August to boot off the back-to-school year. It draws numerous community booths as well as parade floats hosted by community organizations, local businesses as well as authorities agencies -- using the gathering to distribute data as well as donate schoolhouse supplies as well as other goodies to immature people. <br /> <br /> The parade occurs inward the Bronzeville neighborhood on Chicago's S side, the traditional village of African Americans to the percentage during the Great Migration from southern states. The parade is at in i lawsuit the largest parade celebration in the metropolis of Chicago, drawing an annual local production of costumes as well as parade floats. It features youth marching bands, drummers, pace shows, acrobats, youth dancers as well as more. <br /> <br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWiTIT79ICQFP6O46x99V2JcjEaLrglYx6lj8XjKBknWk1BRw-PVbSeST169yr8GrAtFB_gz9srT3IDjiHh1-MI_WUWNt7zj_O8NnpCjTf812a96Bztle0I_6j4DYKTpfUHeDdpJgDRS8/s1600/Photographs+of+Children+Along+Bud+Billiken+Parade+Route.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWiTIT79ICQFP6O46x99V2JcjEaLrglYx6lj8XjKBknWk1BRw-PVbSeST169yr8GrAtFB_gz9srT3IDjiHh1-MI_WUWNt7zj_O8NnpCjTf812a96Bztle0I_6j4DYKTpfUHeDdpJgDRS8/s1600/Photographs+of+Children+Along+Bud+Billiken+Parade+Route.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photographs of Children Along Bud Billiken's Parade Route (<a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=joe-louis-brown-bomber-world" target="_blank">Photo: Kalle Eko</a>)</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> At the halt of the parade, families as well as friends assemble inward the city's Washington Park to halt the festivities with a community-wide picnic. The collective coordination of the community to convey broad youth participation inward the parade is displayed past times the proud shouts of encouragement supporting the creative showcase of Black Chicago from household unit of measurement as well as friends lining the miles of covered terrain.  </div>

Black Chicago Commemorates The 85Th Annual Bud Billiken Parade Together With Picnic

  Everyone who is anyone is said to pick out participated inward the Bud Billiken parade -- from Joe Louis , Muhammad Ali, Duke Ellin...

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