A Brief Timeline Of The Ancient History Of Africa To The Scramble For Africa

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpFwAKUDJ-G3clKdjS-N6SuWipuk6wcPjrpzoRTqW_7Xd0Z4LGHsTTRsnQgz0sPkSTDWcqO2GWnBuew3ti4WSVA8mwJxIvOq4dggUOBZi_SwLkPstr_HwWDGxzHmcy9UcFeA0QJoJB60g/s1600/Map-of-Africa-1812.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="323" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpFwAKUDJ-G3clKdjS-N6SuWipuk6wcPjrpzoRTqW_7Xd0Z4LGHsTTRsnQgz0sPkSTDWcqO2GWnBuew3ti4WSVA8mwJxIvOq4dggUOBZi_SwLkPstr_HwWDGxzHmcy9UcFeA0QJoJB60g/s400/Map-of-Africa-1812.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map of Africa, c. 1812.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align: left;"> </div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 431px;"> <colgroup><col width="69"></col> <col width="362"></col> </colgroup><tbody> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="362"><div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>A BRIEF TIMELINE </b></span></span> </span></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>OF THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF AFRICA </b></span></span> </span></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><span style="color: white; font-size: small;"><b>TO THE “SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA”</b></span></span></div> <div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 3150 B.C.</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Ancient tradition states that the start pharaoh (king) of <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=queen-tiye" target="_blank"><b>Kemet</b></a> (kmt, translation: “black land”, nka Ancient Egypt) was Pharaoh Menes, honored amongst having unified Upper together with Lower Kemet into a unmarried kingdom. The pharaoh of Dynasty I would laid about a serial of dynasties that ruled Kemet for the side yesteryear side iii millennium. In Pliny's account, Menes was credited amongst existence the inventor of writing inwards Kemet.</span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">The New Kingdom of Kemet (c. 1550-1070 B.C.) began amongst the Eighteenth Dynasty, mark the ascension of Arab Republic of Egypt every bit an international ability that expanded during its greatest extension to an empire into the southern, northern together with western regions of continental Africa together with every bit far due east every bit the percentage straightaway called India. Notable Pharaohs of this era include Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Akhenaten together with his married adult woman Nefertiti, Tutankhamun together with Ramesses II. The final native ruled dynasty is said to conduct maintain been the Thirtieth Dynasty, afterwards which the kingdom savage into the hands of Farsi rulers c. 343 B.C., defeating Pharaoh Nectanebo II. Later the Ottomans, of Arab descent, came to govern this business office of the Nile Valley.</span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 1200 B.C.</span></span></div> </td><td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Kingdom of Kush was an ancient African dynasty situated on the confluences of the Blue Nile, White Nile together with River Atbara inwards what is straightaway the Republic of Sudan. Established afterwards the Bronze Age collapse (c. 1206 to 1150), it was centered at Napata inwards its early on phase. After manful somebody monarch Kashta ("the Kushite") invaded Arab Republic of Egypt inwards the eighth century BC, the Kushite kings ruled every bit Pharaohs of the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Arab Republic of Egypt for a century, until they were expelled yesteryear Psamtik I inwards 656 BC. In early on Greek geography, the Meroitic kingdom, amongst its violet working capital missive of the alphabet at Meroe, was known every bit Ethiopia. The Kushite kingdom amongst its working capital missive of the alphabet at Meroe persisted until the quaternary century C.E., when it weakened together with disintegrated due to internal rebellion. The Kushite working capital missive of the alphabet was eventually captured together with destroyed yesteryear the kingdom of Axum. </span></span> </div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span> <br /> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 100 C.E.</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8rsTsriY_0wP-5pAD9zJWn5jOV1ehEznq1sS1qbZUTvA3uGfn43BeqWt-2woAQ4bdHqKvbojiIjJVWgOeINGfIlHG0W9_5GMCtsPQOEzwdpUxLxaLWCkmdM6je8JLxUaf97bLOh9H4ok/s1600/kingdom+of+kush.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8rsTsriY_0wP-5pAD9zJWn5jOV1ehEznq1sS1qbZUTvA3uGfn43BeqWt-2woAQ4bdHqKvbojiIjJVWgOeINGfIlHG0W9_5GMCtsPQOEzwdpUxLxaLWCkmdM6je8JLxUaf97bLOh9H4ok/s200/kingdom+of+kush.jpg" width="200" /></a></div> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><span style="color: white;">Kingdom of Aksum (aka every bit the Axum, Aksumite Kingdom, Abyssinia together with Ethiopia), encompassed the national regions straightaway known every bit Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia together with Eritrea. Its govern included govern over the declining Kingdom of Kush together with over the Kingdom of Himyarite inwards the percentage straightaway known every bit Yemen, which together with therefore included Saba (<a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=queen-tiye" target="_blank"><b>Sheba</b></a>) from c. 25 B.C., Qataban from c. 200 C.E., together with Hadramaut from c. 300 C.E. The kingdom existed from some 100 C.E. to 940 C.E. Great traders, the Aksumites minted their ain currency together with was named yesteryear Mani (216–276 C.E.) every bit ane of the 4 smashing powers of his fourth dimension along amongst Persia, Rome, together with China. Aksum became the start major empire to convert to Christianity.</span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 400 C.E.</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">The mention Nubia is derived from the Noba people, nomads who settled inwards the Nile valley percentage inwards the quaternary century, afterwards the collapse of the Kingdom of Kush. In the ancient commentary, however, Nubia, Kush together with Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Greek: Aithiopia) are oftentimes used to depict the same people. For example, spell Kemet conquered Nubian lands during diverse times inwards history, the Nubians are too noted every bit having conquered Kemet nether its 25th Dynasty. </span></span> </div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">The ancient Nubian linguistic communication inwards written cast uses a modified Coptic script that was to a greater extent than often than non used inwards religious texts dating from the eighth together with 15th centuries C.E.. It is straightaway preserved inwards at to the lowest degree a hundred pages of ancient documents, including the famous <i>The Martyrdom of Saint Menas</i>. </span></span> </div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">There were a divulge of small-scale Nubian kingdoms throughout the Middle Ages, the final of which collapsed inwards 1504, when Nubia became divided betwixt The Arab Republic of Arab Republic of Egypt together with the Sennar sultanate resulting inwards the Arabization of much of the Nubian population. Nubia was over again brought nether Ottoman Arab Republic of Egypt inwards the 19th century, together with inside Anglo-Egyptian Sudan from 1899 to 1956. </span></span> </div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 400 C.E.</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Kingdom of Ghana, too called the Wagadou, founded inwards western percentage of Africa. The wealth of the kingdom includes commentaries of domesticated animals adorned amongst gilded collars together with included the domestication of camels earlier the Arabs. </span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">The onetime kingdom is non located inwards the same percentage every bit the electrical flow <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=queen-tiye" target="_blank"><b>Ghana nation</b></a>. It included the western percentage of the electrical flow patch of Republic of Mali together with the southeastern department of the electrical flow patch of Islamic Republic of Mauritania together with emcompassed Mande-speaking people. Gold, ivory, together with tabular array salt were traded to Europe together with the Middle East. Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī (Arabic: </span><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">عَبْدَالله مُحَمَّد بِن مُوسَى اَلْخْوَارِزْمِي‎</span><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">), the Farsi mathematician, astronomer together with geographer writing from Baghdad c. 800 C.E. documented the legend of the Republic of Ghana dynasties.</span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <br /></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 600 C.E.</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">The Great Republic of Zimbabwe complex was built inwards rock inwards the Kingdom of Zimbabwe, mark the ascension of the Shona (Translation: dzimba dza mabwe or "great rock houses") culture together with evidencing the smashing Bantu expansion. The archaeological ruins known every bit "Great Zimbabwe" conduct maintain been radiocarbon dated to some 600 C.E. The Kingdom of Republic of Zimbabwe controlled the ivory together with gilded merchandise from the interior to the southeastern coast of Africa. Asian together with Standard Arabic goods could live on found inwards abundance inwards the kingdom. </span></span> </div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 1230 C.E.</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">The <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=queen-tiye" target="_blank"><b>Mali Empire</b></a> (aka Mandingo Empire or Manden Kurufaba) major tribal grouping was the Mandinka together with was founded yesteryear Sundiata Keita together with gained international fame from its ruler Mansa Musa I. The empire formed on the upper Niger River, together with reached the superlative of ability inwards the 14th century amongst the centre of its scholarship together with merchandise inwards the ancient cities of Djenné together with <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=queen-tiye" target="_blank"><b>Timbuktu</b></a>. </span></span> </div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Timbuktu-manuscripts-astronomy-mathematics.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img align="BOTTOM" border="1" height="150" name="graphics1" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Timbuktu-manuscripts-astronomy-mathematics.jpg/220px-Timbuktu-manuscripts-astronomy-mathematics.jpg" width="223" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">The pages higher upwardly are from Timbuktu Manuscripts written inwards Sudani script (a Semetic script) from the Republic of Mali Empire showing established noesis of astronomy together with mathematics. Today in that place are unopen to a 1000000 of these manuscripts found inwards Timbuktu alone.</span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: #0b0080;"><span style="color: #cccccc;"></span></span><br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><br /></span></span></div> <div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 1402 C.E.</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Ethiopian diplomatic mission was established inwards Venice.</span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 1460 </span></span> </div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">The Songhai (aka Songhay) are idea to conduct maintain settled at Gao every bit early on every bit 800 C.E., but did non constitute it every bit the working capital missive of the alphabet until the 11th century, during the reign of Dia Kossoi. Sulaiman-Mar gained independence together with hegemony over Gao c. 1340, together with became the forbear of Sunni Ali, the start emperor of Songhai, reigning from c. 1464-1493. Sulaiman-Mar is often credited amongst wresting ability away from the Republic of Mali Empire at a fourth dimension of internal succession disputes. The Songhai Empire would eventually supplanted the Republic of Mali Empire. The Songhai Empire would collapse inwards 1591 inwards smashing business office due to what is described every bit the Moroccan invasion.</span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1497</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Vasco da Gama rounds the Cape of Good Hope</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1505-1821</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">The Funj empire inwards Sudan.</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1517</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Ottomans conduct maintain Cairo</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1626</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">First French settle inwards Senegal together with Madagascar</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1628-29</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">War betwixt Mozambique together with Portugal, amongst Mozambique becoming a Portuguese protectorate</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1820</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Egypt conquers Sudan. British settlers larn far inwards Cape Colony.</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1822</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Liberia is established yesteryear freed Africans from America.</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1824-31</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">First Anglo-Ashanti War.</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1830-47</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">French conquest of Algeria.</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1834-35</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">British defeat the Xhosa.</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1849</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Livingstone's start journeying inwards Africa</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1850-78</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Nine Xhosa wars inwards South Africa.</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1868</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">British annexes Lesotho</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1869</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Suez Canal opens</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">1879</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Ango-Zulu War</span></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr valign="TOP"> <td bgcolor="#004a4a" sdnum="1033;1033;@" width="69"><div align="CENTER"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">c. 1880</span></span></div> </td> <td bgcolor="#198a8a" width="362"><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;">“<span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;">Scramble for Africa” begins</span></span></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <br /></div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <div style="text-align: left;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><i>Note: There were many smashing kingdoms together with empires that rose on the African continent, such every bit the smashing civilizations developed yesteryear the Moor together with the Berber, the </i></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><i><a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=queen-tiye" target="_blank"><b>Ndongo Kingdom inwards the fundamental W Africa</b></a></i></span></span><i style="background-color: transparent; color: white; font-family: Thorndale, serif; text-align: left;">; the absence on this time-line is a production of the require for brevity only.</i></div> </div> <div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-left: 0.13in; margin-right: 0.19in;"> <span style="color: white;"><span style="font-family: Thorndale, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><br /></i></span></span></span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <br /> </div>

A Brief Timeline Of The Ancient History Of Africa To The Scramble For Africa

Map of Africa, c. 1812. A BRIEF TIMELINE OF THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF AFRICA TO THE “SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA” c. 3150 B.C. Ancient tradi…

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Garifuna: Africans Inwards St. Vincent, Caribbean In Addition To Honduras, Due South America

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq84ljHWa1QAdKV97Fpdk1GDHti4Wn3VE4Qy3IrQarE9s9U_sTpDNfBu68F4iiLaiQmQcH7vQQhi3RNO-o6JMexK5V4o3EmOkB_FMVP_8EHYiFBodURAqQZECsGvHB41O6mCVDxyLEpaQ/s1600/Photo+of+Joseph+Satuye+Honduras.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq84ljHWa1QAdKV97Fpdk1GDHti4Wn3VE4Qy3IrQarE9s9U_sTpDNfBu68F4iiLaiQmQcH7vQQhi3RNO-o6JMexK5V4o3EmOkB_FMVP_8EHYiFBodURAqQZECsGvHB41O6mCVDxyLEpaQ/s1600/Photo+of+Joseph+Satuye+Honduras.jpg" width="266" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image of Joseph Satuye (aka Joseph Chatoyer), Chief of the Black Caribs aka Garifuna. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> The millions of Africans living inwards Central America, South America as well as the Caribbean Area - inwards Castilian linguistic communication nations - are amid the most rich examples of African cultural survival inwards the so-called New World. The Garifuna represents a real unique instance of an early on African community to the Americas that held a job solid travelling pocket onto African kinship as well as cultural ties. <br /> <br /> No Garifuna state volition live found on a map today, but in that place are some quondam maps that stand upwards for a region in northern South America by the advert of "Garibana." Here is the icon of one such map found inwards a vintage store inwards Southern California.<br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA9zgZ9PaNvv5WT-6pNuouJ2p46tV6_o7Kf9kGfeKvNzlbYon0NsBVA1oTDyaLXTr4yCShOovXvtSjk1SJSAGAOPoa_O7A3p3-sqnHc-rK0FFDXhR208psYkxuH9bsamlnR5Y5hH3yIMI/s1600/Garifuna+Garibana+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA9zgZ9PaNvv5WT-6pNuouJ2p46tV6_o7Kf9kGfeKvNzlbYon0NsBVA1oTDyaLXTr4yCShOovXvtSjk1SJSAGAOPoa_O7A3p3-sqnHc-rK0FFDXhR208psYkxuH9bsamlnR5Y5hH3yIMI/s1600/Garifuna+Garibana+map.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Partial icon of map dated 1586 representing America.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiey8Ba3OJ51wXpV8Ty9yyONfK1F33rwWmb-36RLNP-B6YhAwlIFqqh_mTE9LuJOTxykmp5YMhMhyzU__HIW_Onhe2iV28wwJd6L0FZxE1YmayP61j968hgTRHxVOWgPM7oE92-onOQtn4/s1600/Garifuna+Garibana+map+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiey8Ba3OJ51wXpV8Ty9yyONfK1F33rwWmb-36RLNP-B6YhAwlIFqqh_mTE9LuJOTxykmp5YMhMhyzU__HIW_Onhe2iV28wwJd6L0FZxE1YmayP61j968hgTRHxVOWgPM7oE92-onOQtn4/s1600/Garifuna+Garibana+map+2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Zoom icon on 1586 map representing percentage described equally "Garibana."</td></tr> </tbody></table> Some commentators study that the Garifuna were inwards the Americas equally early on equally the 1300s, migrants from the West African Republic of Mali Empire. See <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=african-kingdoms-medieval-warfare" target="_blank">African Kingdoms: Medieval Warfare Between Republic of Ghana as well as Republic of Mali Empires</a> (Mansa Musa chronicles go tales from Republic of Mali Empire to East Africa as well as Middle East cir. 1300 C.E).<br /> <br /> Other commentators debate that the Garifuna arrived from ship-wrecked European slave ships that landed on the isle of St. Vincent (aka Saint Vincent, San Vicente) equally early on equally 1635. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 seat historian from Greater-Accra, Ghana, <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=african-kingdoms-medieval-warfare" target="_blank">Kwekudee</a>, asserts they may live kin to the Akan Fante people of West Africa. Kwekudee considered factors such equally the Garifuna's matrilineal inheritance system, their dancing styles as well as their food, amongst the staple nutrient existence cassava. <br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXnVfocRdpuaNvp64Lipw8Yvr9sIl6q03HnkX2qMoiscviVTeTiaUQ3OjFKQdAgRaEezGseREYTVZ_qjxFG3krWV6_vdV3TJy1AAfbXHjLOqbGGXE247eMj_0ROnnn5S2-2qAy_ptAStM/s1600/Garifuna+DAncers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXnVfocRdpuaNvp64Lipw8Yvr9sIl6q03HnkX2qMoiscviVTeTiaUQ3OjFKQdAgRaEezGseREYTVZ_qjxFG3krWV6_vdV3TJy1AAfbXHjLOqbGGXE247eMj_0ROnnn5S2-2qAy_ptAStM/s1600/Garifuna+DAncers.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: The Chief Joseph Chatoyer Garifuna Folkloric Ballet of New York. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> Central to the Garifuna civilization is a rigid collective identity equally a people. The Garifuna receive got their ain unique Garifuna language, music as well as cuisine. The spiritual tradition of the Garifuna centers to a greater extent than or less an ancestral reverence, honoring the wisdom of the ancestors they receive got relied upon for survival for centuries. Like many African communities adjusting to slavery as well as the lost of household unit of measurement as well as tribal kinship ties, the rhythms of the drum as well as trip the low-cal fantastic would aid to create mutual songs to a greater extent than or less a mutual struggle. This reunified families as well as villages torn from their traditional homelands inwards Africa. <br /> <br /> <b>The Island of St. Vincent </b><br /> <br /> The Arawak as well as the Kalinago were the native inhabitants of St. Vincent at the fourth dimension Africans began to arrive. The Kalinago, known to a greater extent than oft than non equally the Caribs (hence Caribbeans) past times the Europeans, intermarried amongst the Africans, equally did the Arawak. The population of natives to the isle refused to homecoming Africans to European slavers, according to the<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lTgIOFMw5GsC&pg=PA19&lpg=PA19&dq=Jean-Baptiste+Labat+saint+vincent+black+carib&source=bl&ots=4brVsDpG8-&sig=HqdoVm_8OgxSxTEFShAKAtTztA4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=st73Uv-rC8O8oQSZx4HABQ&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Jean-Baptiste%20Labat%20saint%20vincent%20black%20carib&f=false" target="_blank"> accounts of Jean-Baptiste Labat</a>,<span class="st"> a Jesuit priest who lived inwards the Caribbean Area colonies at the plough of </span>the 1700s. Historical accounts study Africans escaping European slave plantations inwards the Caribbean Area for St. Vincent past times canoes as well as rafts. By the 1700s the mixed community of Africans as well as native peoples on the isle of St. Vincent had increased as well as the people became known equally the Garinagu (later Garifuna).<br /> <br /> By 1763, nether the Treaty of Paris, all European claims to the isle of St. Vincent was ceded to the British. The British would receive got to become in, however, to genuinely receive got possession over an isle populated past times complimentary people. The warrior-leader of the Garifuna was <b>Joseph Satuye</b>. For decades, Satuye organized the Garifuna equally <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=african-kingdoms-medieval-warfare" target="_blank">African Maroons</a> inwards state of war against the colonial British mission.<br /> <br /> The British forces, however, overwhelmed the Garifuna after many decades of battles. By 1797, in that place was a lastly give upwards past times the Garifuna. According to the GAHFU, to this 24-hour interval the Vincentians "make an annual pilgrimage to the isle of Beliceaux to pay homage to the Garifuna people who were imprisoned on that isle where one-half of the population died of Yellow Fever, other diseases as well as starvation."<br /> <br /> <b>The Island of Roatán, Honduras</b><br /> <br /> According to the <a href="http://bayislandsdiver.com/History.html" target="_blank">Bay Island Diver</a>, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 diver's guide to the Bay Island of Honduras, the origins of the Garifuna inwards Republic of Honduras was the trial of the following.<br /> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>One grouping of slaves was "parked" hither during this fourth dimension during the oestrus of a battle (between the Castilian as well as British). When the winners came to collect them, the slaves refused to go. These are the Garifunas who populate much of the Bay Islands to this date, soundless maintaining their ain cultural identity as well as language. Punta Gorda on Roatán is ane of many villages where they soundless brand their homes.  </i></blockquote> While the British defeated the Garifuna inwards St. Vincent, they could non enslave them. An get at enslavement would sure receive got led to an unending as well as continuous get at revolt on the isle the Garifuna knew real well. Instead, the British imprisoned Garifunas on the isle of St. Vincent as well as literally exiled populations of the Garifuna from St. Vincent to the Republic of Honduras coastal isle Roatán (aka Ruatan, Rattan). The British may receive got sought to constitute a novel slave plantation from the Garifuna project inwards Honduras, but fortunately it was without success. <br /> <br /> The Garifuna people would non know slavery inwards Honduras, alone poverty. The Garifuna would grow their populations from Republic of Honduras as well as expand amid the coastal nations of the Americas -- amongst populations of Garifuna straightaway living inwards Belize, Nicaragua as well as Guatemala. Today, the Garifuna are introduce inwards Central as well as South America, too equally across the Caribbean Area as well as the United States.<br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: small;"><b> The Garifuna Heritage</b></span><br /> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"One of the unique things to me nearly the Garifuna spirituality is that the sacred as well as the profane seems to be simultaneously. In the western agreement of organized religious belief as well as spirituality, that could never happen." </span></i></span></blockquote> <span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></i></span> <object height="315" width="560"><param name="movie" value="//www.youtube.com/v/BM63f5SBlkw?hl=en_US&version=3"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="//www.youtube.com/v/BM63f5SBlkw?hl=en_US&version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="560" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object><br /> Video: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 documentary celluloid produced past times the National Garifuna Council of Belize.<br />  The celluloid addresses Garifuna Culture including ritual, music, trip the low-cal fantastic as well as language.<br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: small;"><b>A Story About the Garifuna Documentary</b></span><br /> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>"This is what our ancestors receive got left for us as well as this is what God has given to us, our ain culture."</i></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i> "We receive got a huge battle to rescue what is ours again. And nosotros receive got to practice it. And nosotros tin practice it." </i></span></blockquote> <div style="text-align: center;"> - Jorge Castillo, Tornabe, Honduras</div> <br />  <object height="315" width="560"><param name="movie" value="//www.youtube.com/v/hXb2p2WgHxI?version=3&hl=en_US"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="//www.youtube.com/v/hXb2p2WgHxI?version=3&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="560" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object><br /> Video: This celluloid chronicles the challenges as well as struggles of the Garifuna people to save their identity. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Ben Petersen Film Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Brigham Young University Communications Department Production. </div>

Garifuna: Africans Inwards St. Vincent, Caribbean In Addition To Honduras, Due South America

Image of Joseph Satuye (aka Joseph Chatoyer), Chief of the Black Caribs aka Garifuna. The millions of Africans living inwards Central America, South America as well as the Caribbean Area - inwar…

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