American History

Fisk University's Jubilee Singers

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="tr_bq"> <br /></div> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfhEgHWIx237nRlXdzD7qeOB8CRSFV8JmIWLTlv4jGvqHlADNv53P-EI2TPEYucRZ1bVQWg4Hw49WQGzQ3utUzBHTuo8uTRleG_3VnuBEtPVeOraTxwAymZsUuOZjY4tq-pmVdYR-Xxu0/s1600/Jubilee+Siingers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfhEgHWIx237nRlXdzD7qeOB8CRSFV8JmIWLTlv4jGvqHlADNv53P-EI2TPEYucRZ1bVQWg4Hw49WQGzQ3utUzBHTuo8uTRleG_3VnuBEtPVeOraTxwAymZsUuOZjY4tq-pmVdYR-Xxu0/s1600/Jubilee+Siingers.jpg" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: Fisk University's Jubilee Singers</td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="font-size: large;">Africans inwards America using music to fund populace educational activity for Africans.</span><br /> <blockquote> <span style="font-size: large;">"A band of negro singers, organized inwards 1869 past times George White to assistance inwards securing funds for the Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn., a academy for freedmen founded before long afterward the war. </span></blockquote> <blockquote> <span style="font-size: large;">They made their commencement swell success inwards the Gilmore Jubilee Concerts inwards Boston together with were known thereafter equally the "Jubilee Singers;" made several concert tours inwards Europe, coming together everywhere amongst the nearly enthusiastic receptions, together with attracting the attending of European composers to the negro melodies. These concerts gave the commencement intimation to many Europeans composers that America had a folk-song of her own." </span></blockquote> <blockquote> -- Photo together with Excerpt from the mass The American History together with Encyclopedia of Music, Irving Squire, London 1908.</blockquote> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/pGe-OB8wzXk" width="560"></iframe></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <h2> <b>Video courtesy of Smithsonian Folkways</b></h2> <br /></div> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/tIf8EV_04Yg" width="560"></iframe></div> <h2 style="text-align: center;"> <b>And the musical tradition continues...</b></h2> </div>

Fisk University's Jubilee Singers

Photo: Fisk University's Jubilee Singers Africans inwards America using music to fund populace educational activity for Africa...

Carter G. Woodson: The Novel Type Of Professional Person Human Being Required

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", sans-serif; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl-z5MsC3wYJ18w84x-VpsUxMHbKgCoxvp3GgKVrSLGlUQLY6iW6-ZPzTMycNXY-OghGeH_dW6WJs8taadXmdG4j2xi4FtKIJLT8I81FuK5CCb5T7hhzfaQ57FY4c6t_cdYLa0QPaxLKQ/s1600/Photo+Carter+G+Woodson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl-z5MsC3wYJ18w84x-VpsUxMHbKgCoxvp3GgKVrSLGlUQLY6iW6-ZPzTMycNXY-OghGeH_dW6WJs8taadXmdG4j2xi4FtKIJLT8I81FuK5CCb5T7hhzfaQ57FY4c6t_cdYLa0QPaxLKQ/s1600/Photo+Carter+G+Woodson.jpg" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13.33px;">Photo of Carter G. Woodson, who became known <span style="color: #29303b;">as </span><br /> <span style="color: #29303b;">"T</span><span style="color: #29303b;">he Father of Black History" inwards the United States </span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-113790277466515277" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: #fff3db; color: #29303b; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", sans-serif;"> <div dir="ltr" style="font-size: 13px;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> </tbody></table> <h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="color: #1b0431; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">“THE NEW TYPE OF </span><span style="font-size: small;">PROFESSIONAL MAN REQUIRED”</span></span></h3> <h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="color: #1b0431; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #29303b; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;">Excerpt from, "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Mis-Education-Negro-Carter-Godwin-Woodson/dp/1612930204/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1412644948&sr=8-1&keywords=miseducation+of+the+negro" target="_blank">The Mis-Education of the Negro</a>"</span></h3> <h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="color: #1b0431; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #29303b; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;">By Carter Godwin Woodson</span></h3> </div> <div dir="ltr" trbidi="on"> <div> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> Negroes should report for the professions for all sane reasons that members of approximately other race should conk into these lines of essay out in addition to also on concern human relationship of the item telephone telephone to serve the lowly of their race. In the illustration of the constabulary nosotros should cease to brand exceptions because of the possibilities for failure resulting from prejudice against the Negro lawyer in addition to the lack of Negro concern enterprises to demand their serves. Negroes must conk similar English linguistic communication gentlemen who report the constabulary of the land, non because every gentleman should know the law. In the interpretation of the constabulary past times the courts, too, all the rights of the Negroes inwards this province are involved; in addition to a large publish of us must qualify for this of import service. WE may accept likewise many lawyers of the incorrect kind, simply nosotros accept non our portion of the correct kind. </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> The Negro lawyer has tended to follow inwards the footsteps of the average white practitioner in addition to has non developed the ability which he could acquire if he knew to a greater extent than near the people whom he should serve in addition to the problems they accept to confront. These things are non constabulary inwards themselves, simply they determine largely whether or non the Negro volition exercise constabulary in addition to the success he volition accept inwards the profession. The failure to laissez passer on attending to these things has oftentimes agency the downfall of many a Negro lawyer. </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> There are, moreover, sure enough aspects of constabulary which the white homo would hardly address himself simply to which the Negro should at i time especial attention. Of odd of import to the Negro is the necessity for agreement the misrepresentations inwards criminal records of Negroes, in addition to race distinctions inwards the laws of modern nations. These matters demand a systematic report of the principles of constabulary in addition to legal physical care for and, inwards add-on thereto, farther report of legal problems every bit they encounter the Negro lawyer inwards the life which he must live. This offers the Negro constabulary schoolhouse an odd opportunity. </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> Because our lawyers create non laissez passer on attending to these problems they oftentimes neglect inwards a crisis. They are involvement inwards the race in addition to desire to defend its cause. The case, however, requires, non alone the unselfish spirit they sometimes manifest simply much to a greater extent than agreement of the legal principles involved. Nothing illustrates this amend than the failure of i of our attorneys to mensurate upwards inwards the illustration brought upwards to the U.S. Supreme Court from Oklahoma to exam the validity of the exclusion of Negroes from Pullman cars. The same criticism may endure made of the segregation illustration of the District of Columbia brought earlier this highest tribunal past times approximately other Negro attorney. In both of these cases the lawyers started incorrect in addition to so ended wrong. They lacked the cognition to acquaint their cases properly to the court. </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> Our lawyers must acquire that the judges are non attorneys themselves, for they accept to create upwards one's heed the merits of what is presented to them. It is non the concern of the judges to amend their pleadings or create upwards one's heed their cases according to their expert intentions. Certainly such generosity cannot endure expected from prejudiced courts which are looking for every loophole possible to escape from frank determination on the rights of Negroes guaranteed past times the constitution. These matters demand advanced report in addition to painstaking research; simply our lawyers, every bit a rule, are non interested inwards this sort of mental exercise.</blockquote> </div> <div> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <b>Video of Carter G. Woodson: African American Trailblazers</b></div> <div style="font-size: 13px; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div style="font-size: 13px;"> <div style="text-align: center;">                              <object height="360" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/jkBEjJH1j5U?hl=en_US&version=3"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="http://www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/jkBEjJH1j5U?hl=en_US&version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="360" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div> </div> <div style="font-size: 13px; text-align: center;"> <br /> <div style="text-align: left;"> <br /></div> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj17eqokox9fBR_rl-CTcQrsqKQ-QC17Mi1pVzP3OdwH4feEeBlAtVASOhccd2iFZMpDKYc1GUD1AjOTK0vat8IWpjRox1hy1_tcRTxFuoI7raZBc22F4rgAFrpuePlz4Pe5jJ8o7Uj1Nc/s1600/Carter+Godwin+Woodson+West+Virginia+Division+of+Archives+and+History+Roadside+Marker.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj17eqokox9fBR_rl-CTcQrsqKQ-QC17Mi1pVzP3OdwH4feEeBlAtVASOhccd2iFZMpDKYc1GUD1AjOTK0vat8IWpjRox1hy1_tcRTxFuoI7raZBc22F4rgAFrpuePlz4Pe5jJ8o7Uj1Nc/s400/Carter+Godwin+Woodson+West+Virginia+Division+of+Archives+and+History+Roadside+Marker.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13.33px;">Roadside Marker for Carter Godwin Woodson,<br /> West Virginia Division of Archives in addition to History</td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

Carter G. Woodson: The Novel Type Of Professional Person Human Being Required

Photo of Carter G. Woodson, who became known as "T he Father of Black History" inwards the United States “THE NEW T...

Queen Hatshepsut Of Egypt: The Queen That Would Larn A Pharaoh

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikFZanomeHTU3Ez_BzP2tTN-EyLLjbyPDfIFgxvVKrq4pwirynX3G81500aCmpYk7aoIZCAg8jqEe-fm6PenkUJmbpTEvwZAneFsrVQrLDArkrr8-U7_JhfoWQfPlKyaKT6DHn_IN8YGI/s1600/Statue+of+Hatshepsut.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikFZanomeHTU3Ez_BzP2tTN-EyLLjbyPDfIFgxvVKrq4pwirynX3G81500aCmpYk7aoIZCAg8jqEe-fm6PenkUJmbpTEvwZAneFsrVQrLDArkrr8-U7_JhfoWQfPlKyaKT6DHn_IN8YGI/s1600/Statue+of+Hatshepsut.jpg" width="435" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ancient Egyptian statue (painted limestone) remain showing bust of Queen Hatshepsut that was originally attached to a larger rock work representing the queen every bit the god Osiris.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i><span style="font-size: x-large;">"I accept restored that which was inward ruins.</span> <span style="font-size: x-large;">I accept raised upwards that which was destroyed."</span> </i></blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <span style="font-size: large;">- Queen Hatshepsut</span></blockquote> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> There was a adult woman who ruled over Arab Republic of Egypt from 1479 to 1458 B.C. -- the 18th dynasty, the New Kingdom. During that fourth dimension the discussion "Egypt" did non exist. The best English linguistic communication translation of the advert the Nile Valley natives called themselves inward ancient Arab Republic of Egypt is <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=queen-tiye" target="_blank">Kemet</a>. For 21 years, every bit queen regent to her immature stepson Thutmose III and surrounded yesteryear the great kingdoms of Nubia, Kush, as well as Punt, Queen Hatshepsut (meaning "foremost of noble ladies") ruled this valley. </div> <br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho44spV119XuvGvPbCLc0gtpV8yKgV0kJIQzKxAZ30Vjpqk50MduWhyphenhyphenHxHB2heEPlnuoU6jz8pzeplEisJE9LTAaiodX4c_eJbSdtHW1NlcL9EVSYgpd67VflPwFvpZktTJqc-Y2EkyYk/s1600/valley+of+the+kings+royal+cemetery+hatshepsut.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho44spV119XuvGvPbCLc0gtpV8yKgV0kJIQzKxAZ30Vjpqk50MduWhyphenhyphenHxHB2heEPlnuoU6jz8pzeplEisJE9LTAaiodX4c_eJbSdtHW1NlcL9EVSYgpd67VflPwFvpZktTJqc-Y2EkyYk/s400/valley+of+the+kings+royal+cemetery+hatshepsut.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Photo: Valley of the Kings, imperial cemetery at Luxor that embraces <a href="http://www.memphis.edu/egypt/westbank3.php" target="_blank">Hatshepsut's mortuary temple</a>.</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> It was non until 2007 that Hatshepsut's lost mummy was non discovered. In 1903, archeologist Howard Carter found a sarcophagus that belonged to Hatshepsut inward KV20 Valley of the Kings. The sarcophagus, a cubicle funeral receptacle for a corpse, was empty. Zahi Hawass, caput of the Egyptian Mummy Project as well as secretarial assistant full general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities honed inward on mummy KV60a, discovered to a greater extent than than a century before as well as and hence deemed a pocket-size tomb. It had no golden or other jewels but was tested as well as determined to survive the belatedly queen regent.<br /> <br /> This was a far call from the treasures found inward the tomb of pharaoh Tutankhamun. There was no golden or other jewels adorning Hatshepsut's mummy, exclusively the remains of the ancient Egyptian imperial family. It was before long discovered that in that place was a concerted endeavor to eradicate the historical tape of her reign. Thumose III, her co-regent as well as successor, systemically removed evidence of her rule during the fourth dimension he was likewise immature to rule. Temples, obelisks as well as monuments underwent a systematic chisel job.</div> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Born inward the 15th century BC, Hatshepsut was the missy of Thutmose I as well as Aahmes,         both of imperial lineage. She would wed Thutmose II, the boy of her manlike individual parent yesteryear another. The marriage of Hatshepsut every bit wife-sister to Thutmose II was business office of the traditions used to fortify imperial lineages. Thutmose II fathered one child, Isis, not amongst Hatshepsut -- to whom he never bore children.  Isis bore the manlike individual kid Thutmose III. After Thutmose II's expiry inward 1479 BC, Thutmose III was too immature to assume command every bit the manlike individual royal. Hatshepsut was allowed to dominion every bit the immature pharaoh's queen regent. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Queen Hatshepsut effectively ruled the Egyptian kingdom for nearly 21 years. In public, she portrayed herself every bit a man, the traditional gender of a pharaoh. She wore manlike individual article of apparel as well as a pharaonic beard. Suggestions of her femininity are portrayed, however, in the surviving sculptures that depict her with feminine breasts. Hatshepsut's dynastic rule was a clear interruption from the traditional usage of the queen regent, such every bit seen inward other Nile Valley royal dynasties similar that of <em>Nigiste Negaste</em> (Empress Regent) <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=queen-tiye" target="_blank">Zewditu Menelik of Ethiopia</a>.</div> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYEqGI1GH__o6_QbfPvMLfjQ1IGUI5RgDlgDgFqDnWm7ktc1zN0HhUfHLaOEoLUWWvsVItMmMYkV7LGvp8jEVN1ad5yVoaArWAnC6nSj65umDzw7SPNapULzDkca0oc_mW66PxXR0gDms/s1600/obelisk-queen-hapshetsut-500.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYEqGI1GH__o6_QbfPvMLfjQ1IGUI5RgDlgDgFqDnWm7ktc1zN0HhUfHLaOEoLUWWvsVItMmMYkV7LGvp8jEVN1ad5yVoaArWAnC6nSj65umDzw7SPNapULzDkca0oc_mW66PxXR0gDms/s640/obelisk-queen-hapshetsut-500.jpg" width="424" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: exclusively remaining obelisk of Karnak, erected yesteryear Pharaoh Hatshepsut</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Queen Hatshepsut was a grand renovator of shrines as well as temples, from Nubia to Sinai. Four non bad granite obelisks were erected at Karnak, at the temple of the non bad god Amun. During her reign hundreds of monumental populace industrial plant were commissioned, including focused populace efforts on Thebes, her capital, which is known today every bit Luxor as well as Karnak.<br /> <br /> One of the Karnak obelisks commissioned yesteryear Hatshepsut read: "Now my pump turns this agency as well as that, every bit I call back what the people volition say. Those who encounter my monuments inward years to come, as well as who shall utter of what I accept done."  One of the 4 non bad obelisks erected yesteryear Pharaoh Hatshepsut soundless stands. <br /> <br /> Queen Hatshepsut established international trading partners with kingdoms every bit unopen as Nubia as well as Punt, as good every bit those across the non bad seas. Her dominion was a fourth dimension of economical increase for her people. <br /> <br /> Today, the tomb of Hatshepsut is said to survive inward 1 of the 2 of the Egyptian Museum's Royal Mummy Rooms. If visiting, however, banking concern tally to attain upwards one's ask heed condition because the place as well as populace presentment of sure enough antiquities alter as well as are express during social as well as political upheaval inward a region. <br /> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <object height="315" width="420"><param name="movie" value="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/W3X81yg0yhc?version=3&hl=en_US"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/W3X81yg0yhc?version=3&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="420" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> Above video: on-site lecture at Temple of Queen Hatshepsut</div> </div> </div> </div>

Queen Hatshepsut Of Egypt: The Queen That Would Larn A Pharaoh

Ancient Egyptian statue (painted limestone) remain showing bust of Queen Hatshepsut that was originally attached to a larger rock...

William Hall: Africans Inwards Nova Scotia, Canada

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUVXxW8FcJ9Pp0b8w9_ti75BqtVY1T1L5a13rL6sxrOHK7lepi6IJbzfhXI-hIfBKsDlgrGjoXkxGqWpzccXjM56mLlzkt1F2o3g7Z8wdulOk5Y2SQuc0JZsudBVIyLzsO_VL-fMZGj3c/s1600/Photo+William+Hall+VC.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUVXxW8FcJ9Pp0b8w9_ti75BqtVY1T1L5a13rL6sxrOHK7lepi6IJbzfhXI-hIfBKsDlgrGjoXkxGqWpzccXjM56mLlzkt1F2o3g7Z8wdulOk5Y2SQuc0JZsudBVIyLzsO_VL-fMZGj3c/s400/Photo+William+Hall+VC.jpg" width="257" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: William Hall</td></tr> </tbody></table> The early on Africans who settled inward Nova Scotia were primarily fleeing from colonial America. William Hall's parents, Jacob too Lucy Hall, escaped slavery from either Maryland or Virginia -- depending on the commentator -- during the War of 1812. The Hall identify unit of measurement arrived inward Nova Scotia every bit purpose of the <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=black-cultural-centre-for-nova-scotia" target="_blank">Black Refugee movement</a> whereby Africans were brought to Canada past times the British Royal Navy inward telephone substitution for their assistance inward resisting the rebelling British colony that would later on larn known every bit the U.S.A. of America.<br /> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>During the War of 1812, the British frigate Leonard intercepted a slave send natural springtime from Africa to the U.S.A. too forced it to deposit its “ivory cargo” at Halifax. Among the freed captives hitherto marked to endure auctioned every bit slaves inward the southern states was William Hall’s manly somebody raise Jacob. Hall’s mother, Lucinda, who was a slave on a plantation only about Washington, escaped her bondage when the British sacked too ready burn to the American capital. She boarded i of the British warships that had conducted the raid too pose into Halifax afterwards. - </i>Excerpt from "Canada And The Victoria Cross: Of Rebellion And Rescue," by Arthur Bishop, March 1, 2004, <i><a href="http://legionmagazine.com/en/index.php/2004/03/canada-and-the-victoria-cross-of-rebellion-and-rescue-2/" target="_blank">Legion Magazine</a>. </i></blockquote> Born Apr 15, 1827 at Horton, Nova Scotia, <a href="http://museum.gov.ns.ca/infos/William-Hall-INfo.pdf" target="_blank">William Hall</a> (born William Edward) worked inward Nova Scotian shipyards earlier going to body of body of water alongside trading vessels at the historic menstruation of 17 years. From 1847 to 1849, Hall served inward the American merchant navy aboard the <i>USS Ohio</i>. On Jan 4, 1847, the <i>Ohio</i> sailed for the Gulf of United Mexican States arriving at Veracruz on March 22, 1847 to aid inward the siege of the metropolis inward the Mexican-American War. Veracruz shortly surrendered.<br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQP128hIyJwuz5L7UdId4SWin4_h36mApwCKTxkU1E0B8eOvZtU1miEoGLlP6zQSl5H7ipdsth3R8g6JYHrv0dYHGBH7Ds_KFqf6NuHIpqNABMaA5f5ngONES-LFLH-nl8Djyv7kTY7mc/s1600/Image+of+Bombardment+of+Sebastopol+Rodney.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQP128hIyJwuz5L7UdId4SWin4_h36mApwCKTxkU1E0B8eOvZtU1miEoGLlP6zQSl5H7ipdsth3R8g6JYHrv0dYHGBH7Ds_KFqf6NuHIpqNABMaA5f5ngONES-LFLH-nl8Djyv7kTY7mc/s400/Image+of+Bombardment+of+Sebastopol+Rodney.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10.909090995788574px; line-height: 15.82386302947998px; text-align: left;">Bombardment of Sebastopol past times HMS Rodney, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean_War" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10.909090995788574px; line-height: 15.82386302947998px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial;" title="William Hall: Africans inward Nova Scotia, Canada">Crimean War</a><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10.909090995788574px; line-height: 15.82386302947998px; text-align: left;"> (1854)</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> Hall enlisted inward Royal Navy on Feb 2, 1852, too served on the flagship <i>Victory</i>. He entered the Crimean War inward 1954, serving on the <i>Rodney. </i>He every bit good served on the <i>Shannon</i> every bit Captain of the Foretop<i>. </i>In 1857, he won the Victoria Cross for bravery spell fighting inward the Siege of Lucknow inward what is known past times the British every bit the Indian Rebellion of 1857. He was the showtime somebody of African descent too the showtime Canadian to win the Victoria Cross, the highest accolade for bravery inward the British Royal Navy.<br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3p3U3kSG6IIY3ZVlUe0uZarNnt37pTlD4X7GqyZy3Hgww5T7pD2Jhilg6PUTMz2IQVC6QBTEvECCS3Ubc5qOPruqlLlIZPtgj1mDvawhXKI4j6q4Majb9DiH_k8a5Lpb1n2ZgT3QDbHg/s1600/2010+William+Hall+Stamp+Africans+in+Canada.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3p3U3kSG6IIY3ZVlUe0uZarNnt37pTlD4X7GqyZy3Hgww5T7pD2Jhilg6PUTMz2IQVC6QBTEvECCS3Ubc5qOPruqlLlIZPtgj1mDvawhXKI4j6q4Majb9DiH_k8a5Lpb1n2ZgT3QDbHg/s1600/2010+William+Hall+Stamp+Africans+in+Canada.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: 2010 Canadian postal postage stamp trial of William Hall.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> Hall retired from the colonial wars to Horton Bluff, Nova Scotia. He died on August 25, 1904 too was buried at Lockhartville at the Hantsport Baptist Church Cemetery.<br /> <br /> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <object height="315" width="460"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/44bDMiZiyTk?hl=en_US&version=3"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="http://www.youtube-nocookie.com/v/44bDMiZiyTk?hl=en_US&version=3" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="460" height="315" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div> </div>

William Hall: Africans Inwards Nova Scotia, Canada

Photo: William Hall The early on Africans who settled inward Nova Scotia were primarily fleeing from colonial America. William Hall...

Bessie Coleman: Aviation Barnstormer

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM9exmxi_RUvnIfSkM5NT3wgiKILCaFckrOAgAeyJj4t4bkwFLPfkl9Gj1RNrr1B41seSaLhGy8qS0aVStLx59BM-E7YKKVD1_qDJyKWcrm5HHgQya-_Ylwua-o3FP4z9PE4GHUDX_WI4/s1600/photo+of+bessie+coleman.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM9exmxi_RUvnIfSkM5NT3wgiKILCaFckrOAgAeyJj4t4bkwFLPfkl9Gj1RNrr1B41seSaLhGy8qS0aVStLx59BM-E7YKKVD1_qDJyKWcrm5HHgQya-_Ylwua-o3FP4z9PE4GHUDX_WI4/s320/photo+of+bessie+coleman.jpg" width="227" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: Bessie Coleman was the origin American of whatever race or sex to earn an international pilot's license too she was the origin soul of African descent to obtain a license.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> The immature Coleman dreamed of a racehorse monastic enjoin too non i of mules. It is inwards her generation that the Wright Brothers would construct the flying machine too American airplane pilot fighters would Pb Europe through The Great War (World War I).<br /> <br /> <b>The Young Bessie Coleman</b><br /> <br /> Bessie Coleman was born inwards rural Atlanta, Texas on Jan 26, 1892 to a draw solid unit of measurement laboring every bit sharecroppers. Coleman completed high schoolhouse afterwards an intensive self-study afterwards she could no longer afford studies at the Colored Agricultural too Normal University inwards Langston, Oklahoma inwards 1910.<br /> <br /> Coleman sought to larn inwards flying schoolhouse simply her application was denied because of her race too gender. She decided to motion from Oklahoma north, amongst 2 of the 13 siblings that had relocated to Chicago. Through written report too difficult work, Coleman opened a beauty store inwards Chicago where she would employ her draw solid unit of measurement members immigrating from Texas to Chicago.<br /> <br /> <b>First Licensed Woman Pilot to Bessie Coleman's Last Flight inwards Florida</b><br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvUjTrEcKfMm6UTnvNCkY56hFtq0De3-oXZk1mdSCjsH-nSv62Wgdr0T94yDF1-KoiLdvsJltjzPzpMwZFtzUhSEJi4R7bxy5TpFowUQt5bT7qs0DOpGgqtazeSnnewzIU0REysqHTnQ4/s1600/Bessie+Coleman+and+her+plane+1922.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvUjTrEcKfMm6UTnvNCkY56hFtq0De3-oXZk1mdSCjsH-nSv62Wgdr0T94yDF1-KoiLdvsJltjzPzpMwZFtzUhSEJi4R7bxy5TpFowUQt5bT7qs0DOpGgqtazeSnnewzIU0REysqHTnQ4/s1600/Bessie+Coleman+and+her+plane+1922.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: Bessie Coleman too her plane inwards 1922</td></tr> </tbody></table> Bessie Coleman began studying the French linguistic communication inwards Chicago too before long bought a ticket from Chicago to French Republic inwards 1919. In France, she studied at the <i>Ecole d'Aviation des Freres Caudon</i> at Le Crotoy. After completing the program, she successfully tested to earn her International Flying License. She became the origin adult woman of African descent to earn a pilot's license. Bessie Coleman obtained her pilot's license on June 15, 1921, afterwards The Great War. Amelia Earhart received her airplane pilot license from the National Aeronautic Association, the U.S. chapter of the <i>Fédération Aéronautique Internationale</i>, on May 15, 1923.<br /> <br /> Bessie Coleman died similar she lived, inwards the air. On Apr 30, 1926 inwards Jacksonville, Florida, Coleman sat inwards the cockpit of a novel plane, non the Curtis Jenny. Coleman's plane mechanic took upward the novel plane for a exam flight. When the plane malfunctioned, Coleman vicious from cockpit's opening. The plane crashed several hundred feet inwards the practise session. Her planned elaborate air present inwards Florida would never occur. Coleman's torso was taken past times prepare from Orlando to Chicago to 10 thou mourners who would pay their concluding respects to the flying legend. Bessie Coleman is buried at the Lincoln Cemetery inwards Blue Island, Cook County, Illinois, USA.<br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkCGzSs9P2m6cC1Nfz_LdrqGOwQ1_9rsmgdhdS2dfUm4zByiXW7OQlAf-ryhCa0585xBPRmwAphucbbNa4wnXsEkqu5UmSvSBr55PFWmlw0l6GFmG-XD5Xx1tMI9oTq2WZNBw6UEHV6_Q/s1600/Image+of+Bessie+Coleman+African+American+pilot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkCGzSs9P2m6cC1Nfz_LdrqGOwQ1_9rsmgdhdS2dfUm4zByiXW7OQlAf-ryhCa0585xBPRmwAphucbbNa4wnXsEkqu5UmSvSBr55PFWmlw0l6GFmG-XD5Xx1tMI9oTq2WZNBw6UEHV6_Q/s1600/Image+of+Bessie+Coleman+African+American+pilot.jpg" width="306" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: African American aviator. Bessie Coleman.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> After Bessie Coleman, African flyers such every bit the Five Blackbirds, the Flying Hobos (James Banning too Thomas Allen), the Tuskegee Airmen, Cornelius Coffey, John Robinson, Willa Brown too Harold Hurd would accept to the skies. In 1929, William J. Powell established the Bessie Coleman Aero Club. Since 1931, the Challenger Pilots' Association of Chicago has flown over Chicago's Lincoln Cemetery inwards laurels of Bessie Coleman. Beginning inwards 1977, women pilots inwards the Chicago surface area lead keep organized too associated every bit the Bessie Coleman Aviators Club.<br /> <br /> <i>Further Reading: Hardesty, Von. "Black Wings: Courageous Stories of African American inwards Aviation too Space History," (HarperCollins Publishers, 2007).</i></div>

Bessie Coleman: Aviation Barnstormer

Photo: Bessie Coleman was the origin American of whatever race or sex to earn an international pilot's license too she was the origin...

The African Renaissance Monument Inwards Dakar, Senegal

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <div style="text-align: left;"> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq9fv2CZtkMV8okWHmAUSH4lsfx4wgr7KBDNTIXIrwlEfhs5g5YdibF4W5MJcJs73hGTZO74r_XH4UV4aNnfNbCZIMNO5O229e52WtNb4KdbYbbqeSKtVvh9L-ohxRcN2ooYwt0LMgtHk/s1600/Black+Sculpture+Senegal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq9fv2CZtkMV8okWHmAUSH4lsfx4wgr7KBDNTIXIrwlEfhs5g5YdibF4W5MJcJs73hGTZO74r_XH4UV4aNnfNbCZIMNO5O229e52WtNb4KdbYbbqeSKtVvh9L-ohxRcN2ooYwt0LMgtHk/s1600/Black+Sculpture+Senegal.jpg" width="287" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The African Renaissance Monument, Senegal, Africa. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div> <br /> <div style="text-align: left;"> <br /></div> <span style="font-size: small;">The African Renaissance Monument, also referred equally Monument to the African Renaissance too </span><br /> <span style="font-size: small;"><em>Monument De La Renaissance Africaine</em>, is a bronze statue perched on a loma inwards Dakar, Senegal. The representation of a man, adult woman too shaver emerging from a volcano was inaugurated at a ceremony on Apr 3, 2010, featuring hundreds of drummers too dancers. The African Renaissance Monument stands erect against the West African skyline inwards Senegal at 164 feet high, taller than the Statue of Liberty inwards the U.S.A.</span><br /> <b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></b> </div> <div> <b><span style="font-size: small;">Marking l Years of an Independent Senegal</span></b></div> <div> <span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />  </div> <div> <span style="font-size: small;">The unveiling marked Senegal's l years of independence. Senegalese President Aboulaye Wade has said he hopes Blue Planet monument volition attract tourists to the West African country, too defended Blue Planet monument inwards writing, stating “[t]his African who emerges from the volcano, facing the West ... symbolizes that Africa which freed itself from several centuries of imprisonment inwards the abyssal depths of ignorance, intolerance too racism, to recollect its identify on this land, which belongs to all races, inwards light, air too freedom.”</span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: small;">“It's impossible to fille Senegal's novel 160-foot (49 meters) African renaissance monument,” wrote NPR reporter Ofeibea Quist-Arcton. “Perched high on a hill, the mighty Soviet-style bronze statue of a man, adult woman too shaver overlooks the Atlantic Ocean too dominates the horizon of the capital, Dakar.”</span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div> <div> <b><span style="font-size: small;">Public Monument Creates Controversy</span></b></div> <div> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: small;">President Wade authorized Blue Planet plant projection inwards the upper-case missive of the alphabet of Dakar, described yesteryear only about equally an African Eiffel Tower too others equally a operate that should never receive got been commissioned. Its $27 1 chiliad one thousand dollar (£17m) toll too agency stirred complaints from many inwards the predominantly Muslim country.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: small;">Ndeye Fatou Toure, a fellow member of the Senegalese Parliament, said the statue was an “economic monster too a fiscal scandal inwards the context of the electrical flow crisis,” noting that one-half of Senegal's population lives below the poverty line. Additionally, the alternative of garb for the African identify unit of measurement was seen equally an affront to the Muslim sensibility of world discretion.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: small;">Ebrima Sillah, a Senegalese journalist, stated that many Senegalese fine artists took criminal offense that Wade commissioned a crew of l North Koreans to arrive at Blue Planet sculpture. President Wade made a world tilt that he chose the North Korean crew because they were known equally experts inwards constructing large world monuments.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div> <div> <b><span style="font-size: small;">African Statue Draws Pan-African Delegates</span></b><br />  </div> <div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8uISg3E4F4TX723vudiVy3dWwAXHIvdbcbYebGSE0qdZTNV1zmIvG7c4iOBY2vI0K514HtFSTZ9C5ofpzm7UKVF3DPQDs7WgZEXm9-A6OeXy5zXWmParM55bLGTZvREVyQ8Ni_5qF4zM/s1600/Monument+to+african+renaissance+senegal+africa+sculpture+statue.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8uISg3E4F4TX723vudiVy3dWwAXHIvdbcbYebGSE0qdZTNV1zmIvG7c4iOBY2vI0K514HtFSTZ9C5ofpzm7UKVF3DPQDs7WgZEXm9-A6OeXy5zXWmParM55bLGTZvREVyQ8Ni_5qF4zM/s1600/Monument+to+african+renaissance+senegal+africa+sculpture+statue.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Aerial Photo: Monument to the African Renaissance </td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: small;">Nineteen African heads of province attended the unveiling ceremony inwards Dakar. Notable world dignitaries included Bingu wa Mutharika, the Malawian too African Union president, equally good equally the African presidents of Benin, Cape Verde, Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Islamic Republic of Mauritania too Zimbabwe. Additionally, a delegation of 100 African-Americans attended the ceremony, including Reverend Jesse Jackson too Senegalese-American vocalist Akon.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: small;">“It brings to life our mutual destiny,” said President Wade at the unveiling ceremony, according to a Reuters report. “Africa has arrived inwards the 21st century standing tall too to a greater extent than ready than e'er to receive got its destiny into its hands.”</span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: small;">After xl years equally president of Senegal, the 83 twelvemonth old Wade announced that he volition seek re-election inwards 2012. With closed links to Washington D.C., the peanut too fish exporting quondam French colony has been cited for decades equally an illustration of African democracy. In September 2009, Senegal was awarded a $540 1 chiliad one thousand grant yesteryear the U.S.A. federal authorities to encourage its continued goodness governance.</span></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <i>References:</i></div> <div> <ul> <li>"Senegal unveils 'African Renaissance' statue," yesteryear Mark John too Richard Valdmanis, Reuters (4/3/10)</li> <li>"For Many inwards Senegal, Statue Is a Monumental Failure," yesteryear Ofeibea Quist-Arcton, NPR (1/5/2010)</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>

The African Renaissance Monument Inwards Dakar, Senegal

The African Renaissance Monument, Senegal, Africa. The African Renaissance Monument, also referred equally Monument to the ...

42 Laws Of Maat Nether Kemet Law

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE-2dZix2_5WLRMZL982vTzF7kCLHBiopINcUuWqsbquPlb3Hw3H_UmYH0smCVBE19waTvCrJTCywoMiUftS8r58wmpLqvjxYJFuS9juLpHWwLd4ZNvLJfMQiRHnYMjZi4dvwV67fVm7A/s1600/Image+of+Maat+with+Shu+Feather+-+Public+Domain.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE-2dZix2_5WLRMZL982vTzF7kCLHBiopINcUuWqsbquPlb3Hw3H_UmYH0smCVBE19waTvCrJTCywoMiUftS8r58wmpLqvjxYJFuS9juLpHWwLd4ZNvLJfMQiRHnYMjZi4dvwV67fVm7A/s400/Image+of+Maat+with+Shu+Feather+-+Public+Domain.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: left;">Maat was the dominion of police clit too moral jurist amid the ancient Kemet people, too the divine cosmological company inside their mythology, astronomy, too astrophysical studies.</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> Kemet is the advert the native African people of the province forthwith known every bit Arab Republic of Egypt called themselves inward their surviving writings. Many scholars refer to the people every bit "kmt" or Kemet. The surviving artifacts of the Kemet viziers too scribes bear witness that Kemet dominion of police clit was “Maat,” contained at to the lowest degree inward business office inward observing the 42 Laws of Maat.<br /> <br /> <b>The Goddess Maat every bit the Cosmological Origin of Kemet Rule of Law</b><br /> <br /> Heliopolis-era creation stories from the Kemet people study that inward the foremost Atum emerged from the Isfet (chaos) of Nu (primordial waters). Atum created the god Shu (personification of air/cool dryness) too goddess Tefnut (personification of moisture) from Nu. Shu is depicted inward the Kemet iconography every bit an ostrich feather.<br /> <br /> Under <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=dogon-from-nile-valley-of-east-africa" target="_blank">Kemet cosmology</a>, Maat is designed to avert chaos (Isfet) too maintain truth (Maat). The symbol for truth, justice, balance, too company is the Goddess Maat. The iconography for Maat inward the hieroglyphs pull the unmarried ostrich plumage (Shu), worn atop Goddess Maat’s head.<br /> <br /> During the reign of Pharaoh Menes, some 2925 B.C.E., afterward the unification of upper too lower Kemet, archaeological finds bear witness direction of the 42 Laws of Maat amid the <a href="https://conaircurlingiron.blogspot.com//search?q=dogon-from-nile-valley-of-east-africa" target="_blank">Kemet people</a> every bit deduced from Kemet coffin texts or funerary papyri dating from this period.<br /> <br /> <b>The Duat, the Hall of Two Truths, too the Weighing the Ka (Heart)</b><br /> <br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPSBayGQHVJQmdZkfg3Vv5EECh4vvPd0zRm0g6eYXql9J8czJeKfvXyat3TNp0wO-ZIe4ymnvNuzLBx4tlP6UIZuUnOeZwqTnmCRw-OKC8ENpg1O_KLtAlRpk_a6zJOF84WH2q4UmlwtY/s1600/Section+of+Plate+3+from+the+Papyrus+of+Ani.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPSBayGQHVJQmdZkfg3Vv5EECh4vvPd0zRm0g6eYXql9J8czJeKfvXyat3TNp0wO-ZIe4ymnvNuzLBx4tlP6UIZuUnOeZwqTnmCRw-OKC8ENpg1O_KLtAlRpk_a6zJOF84WH2q4UmlwtY/s1600/Section+of+Plate+3+from+the+Papyrus+of+Ani.jpg" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo: Plate iii of the Papyrus of Ani. <span class="irc_su" dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">42 Laws of Maat, or 42 Negative Confessions, or 42 Admonition to Goddess Maat</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <br /> The duat (underworld every bit the house for judgment) is where the pop Kemet funerary scene of the Hall of Two Truths is depicted inward the diverse versions of the “Egyptian Book of the Dead: The Papyrus of Ani,” edited yesteryear E.A. Wallis Budge. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 closer interpretation of the championship from the Kemet linguistic communication is said to hold upwards “Book of Coming Forth yesteryear Day.” The Budge translation was a funerary text written for the "coming forth" of Kemet scribe Ani.<br /> <br /> In Chapter 30B of The Papyrus of Ani entitled “Chapter for Not Letting Ani’s Heart Create Opposition Against Him, inward the Gods’ Domain,” nosotros run across the deceased scribe standing earlier his ain heart/soul (ka) on the scale of Maat. On the reverse scale is the Goddess Maat’s plumage of truth (Shu). The caput of the Goddess Maat is depicted atop the scales of justice. Thoth, also known yesteryear other names such every bit Tehuti, stands holding a tablet too a writing tool to tape the results from the scales. The ibis-headed Thoth is the patron saint of Maat scribes too priests.<br /> <br /> <b>Petitioner Announces the 42 Divine Principles of the Maat</b><br /> <br /> In Chapter 125 of The Papyrus of Ani, nosotros notice the petitioner led yesteryear Anubis into duat too pronouncing his/her 42 affirmative declarations, listed below from Budge’s world domain translation of the 42 Divine Principles of Maat:<br /> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li>I receive got non committed sin.</li> <li>I receive got non committed robbery alongside violence.</li> <li>I receive got non stolen.</li> <li>I receive got non slain men or women.</li> <li>I receive got non stolen food.</li> <li>I receive got non swindled offerings.</li> <li>I receive got non stolen from God/Goddess.</li> <li>I receive got non told lies.</li> <li>I receive got non carried away food.</li> <li>I receive got non cursed.</li> <li>I receive got non shut my ears to truth.</li> <li>I receive got non committed adultery.</li> <li>I receive got non made anyone cry.</li> <li>I receive got non felt sorrow without reason.</li> <li>I receive got non assaulted anyone.</li> <li>I am non deceitful.</li> <li>I receive got non stolen anyone’s land.</li> <li>I receive got non been an eavesdropper.</li> <li>I receive got non falsely defendant anyone.</li> <li>I receive got non been angry without reason.</li> <li>I receive got non seduced anyone’s wife.</li> <li>I receive got non polluted myself.</li> <li>I receive got non terrorized anyone.</li> <li>I receive got non disobeyed the Law.</li> <li>I receive got non been solely angry.</li> <li>I receive got non cursed God/Goddess.</li> <li>I receive got non behaved alongside violence.</li> <li>I receive got non caused disruption of peace.</li> <li>I receive got non acted hastily or without thought.</li> <li>I receive got non overstepped my boundaries of concern.</li> <li>I receive got non exaggerated my words when speaking.</li> <li>I receive got non worked evil.</li> <li>I receive got non used evil thoughts, words or deeds.</li> <li>I receive got non polluted the water.</li> <li>I receive got non spoken angrily or arrogantly.</li> <li>I receive got non cursed anyone inward thought, discussion or deeds.</li> <li>I receive got non placed myself on a pedestal.</li> <li>I receive got non stolen what belongs to God/Goddess.</li> <li>I receive got non stolen from or disrespected the deceased.</li> <li>I receive got non taken nutrient from a child.</li> <li>I receive got non acted alongside insolence.</li> <li>I receive got non destroyed belongings belonging to God/Goddess.</li> </ol> After the petitioner’s testimony containing the 42 affirmative declarations, the weighing of the ka for truth, too the reading of the scales, it is said that the doer of Maat is administered Maat. If the petitioner is deemed yesteryear the Goddess Maat to hold upwards inward substantial compliance alongside the 42 Laws of Maat the petitioner passes from duat to the Field of Reeds (Arus) where Osiris sits every bit the finally gatekeeper.<br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: right;"> <i>- yesteryear Vanessa Cross, J.D., LL.M.</i></div> <i>References:</i><br /> <br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li>"Maat the Moral Ideal inward Ancient Egypt," yesteryear Maulana Karenga (Sankore Publisher, 2006).</li> <li>"The Book of the Dead," edited yesteryear E.A. Wallis Budge (Gramercy Publisher, 1995).</li> <li>“Maxims of Good Discourse” writings of the notable Kemet vizier too scribe Ptah-Hotep (accounting of some procedural laws nether Maat).</li> </ul> </div>

42 Laws Of Maat Nether Kemet Law

Maat was the dominion of police clit too moral jurist amid the ancient Kemet people, too the divine cosmological company inside their myt...